Colder v. State

• Court: Supreme Court of Delaware
• Decided: August 27, 2024
• Docket: 202, 2024
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

AMIR COLDER, § § Defendant Below, § No. 202, 2024 Appellant, § § Court Below: Superior Court v. § of the State of Delaware § STATE OF DELAWARE, § Cr. ID No. 2202013369 (N) § Appellee. §

Submitted: July 10, 2024 Decided: August 27, 2024

Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; LEGROW and GRIFFITHS, Justices.

ORDER

Upon consideration of the opening brief, motion to affirm, and record on

appeal, it appears to the Court that:

(1) The defendant below-appellant, Amir Colder, filed this appeal from a

Superior Court order denying his first motion for postconviction relief under

Superior Court Criminal Rule 61.1 The State has filed a motion to affirm the

Superior Court’s judgment on the ground that it is manifest on the face of Colder’s

opening brief that the appeal is without merit. We agree and affirm.

1 State v. Colder, 2024 WL 1854985 (Del. Super. Ct. Apr. 29, 2024). (2) In August 2022, a grand jury charged Colder with multiple drug and

weapon offenses. In January 2023, Colder filed a motion to suppress, arguing that

the search warrant did not establish probable cause for the search of his residence.

On April 10, 2023, Colder pleaded guilty to drug dealing (tier 2—cocaine). Under

the plea agreement, the State agreed to enter a nolle prosequi on the remaining

charges. The parties agreed to recommend a sentence of fifteen years of Level V

incarceration, suspended after eighteen months for decreasing levels of supervision.

The Superior Court accepted Colder’s guilty plea and imposed, effective February

25, 2022, the recommended sentence. Colder did not appeal.

(3) On November 30, 2023, Colder filed a motion for postconviction relief

under Superior Court Criminal Rule 61. He argued that the search warrant was not

supported by probable cause and that the Superior Court lacked jurisdiction because

evidence was seized in violation of his constitutional rights. Colder filed a

supporting addendum on December 29, 2023.

(4) On April 29, 2024, the Superior Court denied Colder’s motion for

postconviction relief.2 The court concluded that Colder’s claims concerning the

search warrant were not procedurally barred and that he had waived those claims by

2 Id. 2 voluntarily pleading guilty.3 The court rejected Colder’s jurisdictional argument as

lacking any factual or legal support. This appeal followed.

(5) In his opening brief, Colder argues that the Superior Court’s failure to

address his jurisdictional challenge based on the unconstitutional search and seizure

constitutes reversible error. We review the Superior Court’s denial of a motion for

postconviction relief for abuse of discretion.4 We review constitutional claims de

novo.5 Before considering the merits of any underlying claims for postconviction

relief, the Court applies the procedural requirements of Rule 61.6

(6) Although we are uncertain as to the Superior Court’s analysis of Rule

61(i)(3),7 it is manifest on the face of Colder’s opening brief that his appeal is

without merit. As the Superior Court recognized, Colder did not cite any factual or

legal authority to support his claim that the seizure of evidence in violation of his

constitutional rights deprived the Superior Court of jurisdiction.8 The cases Colder

cites in his opening brief stand for the proposition that evidence obtained by an

3 Id. at *2-3. 4 Baynum v. State, 211 A.3d 1075, 1082 (Del. 2019). 5 Id. 6 Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990). 7 Rule 61(i)(3) provides that any ground for relief not asserted in the proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction is thereafter barred unless the movant establishes cause and prejudice. The Superior Court found that Colder “did not raise the grounds for relief contained in the Motion prior to entering his guilty plea in this case, so the Motion is not barred for procedural default.” Colder, 2024 WL 1854985, at *2 (emphasis added). 8 Id. at *2 n.13. 3 unconstitutional search will be suppressed, not that the Superior Court loses

jurisdiction if a search warrant is invalid.9

(7) In addition, Colder waived his claims concerning the search warrant by

pleading guilty. A knowing, intelligent, and voluntary guilty plea constitutes a

waiver of the defendant’s right to challenge any errors occurring before the entry of

the plea.10 Colder did not challenge any aspect of his guilty plea in the proceedings

below. Relying on Colder’s representations in the Truth-in-Sentencing form he

signed as part of his plea, including his acknowledgment that he was waiving his

constitutional right to a trial by jury and to present evidence in his defense, the

Superior Court held that Colder’s plea was voluntary and that he therefore waived

the issues raised in his motion to suppress. Colder claims for the first time on appeal

that his plea was involuntary because he was not fully informed of the constitutional

challenges to the evidence when he pleaded guilty. Absent plain error, which we do

9 See, e.g., Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 655 (1961) (holding that evidence obtained by an unconstitutional search was inadmissible); United States v. Christine, 687 F.2d 749, 758-60 (3d Cir. 1982) (holding that partially invalid search warrant could be redacted so that evidence obtained pursuant to the valid portions of the warrant did not have to be suppressed); State v. Cannon, 2007 WL 1849022, at *6 (Del. Super. Ct. June 27, 2007) (granting motion to suppress evidence obtained with search warrant lacking probable cause). We cannot locate the State v. Flores, 185 A.3d 1283 (Del. 2018) decision that Colder claims this Court issued and supports his position. The citation he provides is to an environmental appeal in the Supreme Court of Vermont and the sentence he quotes does not appear in this Court’s decisions. 10 Miller v. State, 840 A.2d 1229, 1232 (Del. 2003); Downer v. State, 543 A.2d 309, 312–13 (Del. 1988). 4 not find here, we decline to consider this argument.11 The Superior Court did not

err in holding that Colder’s voluntary guilty plea constituted a waiver of his claims

concerning the search warrant.

NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the motion to affirm is

GRANTED and the judgment of the Superior Court is AFFIRMED.

BY THE COURT:

/s/ Collins J. Seitz, Jr. Chief Justice

11 Del. Supr. Ct. R. 8 (“Only questions fairly presented to the trial court may be presented for review; provided, however, that when the interests of justice so require, the Court may consider and determine any question not so presented.”). The arguments Colder made about the search warrant in his motion for postconviction relief are the same as the arguments made in the motion to suppress.