[Cite as Clinage v. Smith, 2017-Ohio-1393.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Araya Clinage Court of Appeals No. L-16-1192
Appellee Trial Court No. DV 2015-0797
v.
Joshua Smith DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: April 14, 2017
*****
Stephen M. Szuch, for appellee.
Rick L. Ferrara, for appellant.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} This is an accelerated case in which appellant, Joshua Smith, appeals a civil
protection order issued by the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic
Relations Division. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. Assignment of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignment of error:
I. THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE DID NOT
SUPPORT A PROTECTIVE ORDER, BECAUSE NEITHER
COMPETENT NOR CREDIBLE EVIDENCE SUPPORTED A FINDING
OF PRESENT FEAR OF FUTURE HARM OR PAST DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE.
Facts
{¶ 3} On December 17, 2015, appellee, Araya Clinage, filed a petition for a
domestic violation civil protection order pursuant to R.C. 3113.31. Following an ex parte
hearing before the magistrate, the court issued a temporary protection order and set a full
hearing on the petition for March 16, 2016. Respondent did not testify at the hearing and
the findings are undisputed.
{¶ 4} Petitioner and respondent met in high school in 2010. Respondent enrolled
at the University of Toledo and petitioner moved to Toledo and began residing with
respondent.
{¶ 5} During their relationship, respondent was controlling about where she was
and who she was with. There was additional tension because respondent was moving to
Maryland after he graduated and petitioner was not sure she would be moving.
{¶ 6} On December 7, 2015, respondent was unhappy with petitioner because she
was out with a male co-worker. An argument ensued when she arrived home, and
2. respondent told her to leave. Respondent cornered petitioner until she surrendered the
key to their residence. Petitioner left and did not return that night.
{¶ 7} On December 8, 2015, petitioner feared for her safety and returned to the
residence to retrieve personal belongings with a police escort. Respondent had texted her
that she needed to retrieve her belongings or risk losing them. Respondent’s threat
occurred despite petitioner paying a fair portion of rent at the residence. The police
requested respondent return the key to petitioner. Petitioner did not retrieve all of her
belongings that day.
{¶ 8} The next day petitioner returned to retrieve more property. Petitioner and
respondent continued to communicate by text, and petitioner spent the night at the
residence despite the tension.
{¶ 9} On December 14, 2015, the petitioner was at the residence to speak to
respondent regarding a series of text messages sent to petitioner’s boss by respondent
after respondent received a suicidal text from petitioner. During the conversation,
respondent approached petitioner as if he was going to hug her, however, he slapped her
across the face and shoved her out of their room.
{¶ 10} Since that incident, respondent graduated from college and moved to
Maryland and petitioner has moved to Ashland, Ohio. There were no incidents reported
following the ex parte order.
{¶ 11} Based on the findings, the magistrate held that “the Petitioner has been the
victim of domestic violence by Respondent when he slapped her.” The judgment entry
3. stated that the petitioner was in danger of or had been a victim of domestic violence as
defined under R.C. 3113.31(A), committed by respondent.
{¶ 12} Appellant objected to the magistrate’s decision, arguing that a slap alone
does not constitute domestic violence sufficient for the court to grant the protection order.
On August 3, 2016, the trial court overruled the objection and affirmed the magistrate’s
decision. In the judgment entry, the trial court stated:
The Court finds Petitioner presented credible evidence which caused
her and could cause a reasonable person to feel threatened with imminent
serious physical harm and conclude that the preponderance of the evidence
showed that Respondent attempted to cause or recklessly cause her physical
harm. Petitioner’s fears were reasonable under the totality of the
circumstances of the case.
The Respondent’s shoving, grabbing and specifically, the slap to
Petitioner’s face was an attempt to cause bodily injury and, thus,
constituted acts of domestic violence. Consequently, the Court finds
Respondent has displayed a pattern of conduct of physical violence against
Petitioner.
Respondent further argues that he has moved out of state, 500 miles
away and this should preclude the issuance of a civil protection order. The
Court finds that “the fact a respondent moves across the nearby state border
at some point after a physical incident does not weigh against a protection
4. order.” Zawrotuk v. Zawrotuk, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 14 MA 13, 2014-
Ohio-5225, ¶ 30.
{¶ 13} The trial court then ordered, based on finding good cause, that the
protection order be sustained until January 2, 2017. Appellant now appeals from the
August 3, 2016 judgment.
Law and Analysis
{¶ 14} In his assigned error, appellant argues there is no competent, credible
evidence to support the protection order because appellee was never in danger of
domestic violence.
{¶ 15} Appellee contends no error occurred because there is ample evidence on
record to support that she was the victim of a pattern of domestic violence and, therefore,
had reasonable grounds to believe she was still in danger the day she filed the petition.
{¶ 16} Weight of the evidence concerns “the inclination of the greater amount of
credible evidence” supporting one side over the other. See Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12, 17, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). “Weight is not a question of mathematics, but
depends on its effect in inducing belief.” Eastley at ¶ 12. A reversal on weight of the
evidence is ordered only in exceptional circumstances. See Thompkins at 387.
{¶ 17} Pursuant to R.C. 3113.31, one who is the subject of domestic violence may
petition a domestic relations court or a common pleas court for a protection order. See
5. Parrish v. Parrish, 95 Ohio St.3d 1201, 1204, 765 N.E.2d 359 (2002); Haas v. Semrad,
6th Dist. Lucas No. L-06-1294, 2007-Ohio-2828, ¶ 9.
{¶ 18} For purposes of the statute, “domestic violence” occurs when “one attempts
to cause, or recklessly causes, bodily injury to a family or household member or places
such person in fear of imminent serious physical harm by threat of force.” See R.C.
3113.31(A)(1)(a), (b). Further, a victim is subject to domestic violence if the offender
engages in a pattern of conduct that the actor knows will cause the family or household
member to believe that the actor will cause physical harm or mental distress to such
person. See R.C. 3113.31; 2903.211.
{¶ 19} Immediate and present danger of domestic violence to the family or
household member constitutes good cause for purposes of R.C. 3113.31. Immediate and
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[Cite as Clinage v. Smith, 2017-Ohio-1393.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Araya Clinage Court of Appeals No. L-16-1192
Appellee Trial Court No. DV 2015-0797
v.
Joshua Smith DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: April 14, 2017
*****
Stephen M. Szuch, for appellee.
Rick L. Ferrara, for appellant.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} This is an accelerated case in which appellant, Joshua Smith, appeals a civil
protection order issued by the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic
Relations Division. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. Assignment of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignment of error:
I. THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE DID NOT
SUPPORT A PROTECTIVE ORDER, BECAUSE NEITHER
COMPETENT NOR CREDIBLE EVIDENCE SUPPORTED A FINDING
OF PRESENT FEAR OF FUTURE HARM OR PAST DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE.
Facts
{¶ 3} On December 17, 2015, appellee, Araya Clinage, filed a petition for a
domestic violation civil protection order pursuant to R.C. 3113.31. Following an ex parte
hearing before the magistrate, the court issued a temporary protection order and set a full
hearing on the petition for March 16, 2016. Respondent did not testify at the hearing and
the findings are undisputed.
{¶ 4} Petitioner and respondent met in high school in 2010. Respondent enrolled
at the University of Toledo and petitioner moved to Toledo and began residing with
respondent.
{¶ 5} During their relationship, respondent was controlling about where she was
and who she was with. There was additional tension because respondent was moving to
Maryland after he graduated and petitioner was not sure she would be moving.
{¶ 6} On December 7, 2015, respondent was unhappy with petitioner because she
was out with a male co-worker. An argument ensued when she arrived home, and
2. respondent told her to leave. Respondent cornered petitioner until she surrendered the
key to their residence. Petitioner left and did not return that night.
{¶ 7} On December 8, 2015, petitioner feared for her safety and returned to the
residence to retrieve personal belongings with a police escort. Respondent had texted her
that she needed to retrieve her belongings or risk losing them. Respondent’s threat
occurred despite petitioner paying a fair portion of rent at the residence. The police
requested respondent return the key to petitioner. Petitioner did not retrieve all of her
belongings that day.
{¶ 8} The next day petitioner returned to retrieve more property. Petitioner and
respondent continued to communicate by text, and petitioner spent the night at the
residence despite the tension.
{¶ 9} On December 14, 2015, the petitioner was at the residence to speak to
respondent regarding a series of text messages sent to petitioner’s boss by respondent
after respondent received a suicidal text from petitioner. During the conversation,
respondent approached petitioner as if he was going to hug her, however, he slapped her
across the face and shoved her out of their room.
{¶ 10} Since that incident, respondent graduated from college and moved to
Maryland and petitioner has moved to Ashland, Ohio. There were no incidents reported
following the ex parte order.
{¶ 11} Based on the findings, the magistrate held that “the Petitioner has been the
victim of domestic violence by Respondent when he slapped her.” The judgment entry
3. stated that the petitioner was in danger of or had been a victim of domestic violence as
defined under R.C. 3113.31(A), committed by respondent.
{¶ 12} Appellant objected to the magistrate’s decision, arguing that a slap alone
does not constitute domestic violence sufficient for the court to grant the protection order.
On August 3, 2016, the trial court overruled the objection and affirmed the magistrate’s
decision. In the judgment entry, the trial court stated:
The Court finds Petitioner presented credible evidence which caused
her and could cause a reasonable person to feel threatened with imminent
serious physical harm and conclude that the preponderance of the evidence
showed that Respondent attempted to cause or recklessly cause her physical
harm. Petitioner’s fears were reasonable under the totality of the
circumstances of the case.
The Respondent’s shoving, grabbing and specifically, the slap to
Petitioner’s face was an attempt to cause bodily injury and, thus,
constituted acts of domestic violence. Consequently, the Court finds
Respondent has displayed a pattern of conduct of physical violence against
Petitioner.
Respondent further argues that he has moved out of state, 500 miles
away and this should preclude the issuance of a civil protection order. The
Court finds that “the fact a respondent moves across the nearby state border
at some point after a physical incident does not weigh against a protection
4. order.” Zawrotuk v. Zawrotuk, 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 14 MA 13, 2014-
Ohio-5225, ¶ 30.
{¶ 13} The trial court then ordered, based on finding good cause, that the
protection order be sustained until January 2, 2017. Appellant now appeals from the
August 3, 2016 judgment.
Law and Analysis
{¶ 14} In his assigned error, appellant argues there is no competent, credible
evidence to support the protection order because appellee was never in danger of
domestic violence.
{¶ 15} Appellee contends no error occurred because there is ample evidence on
record to support that she was the victim of a pattern of domestic violence and, therefore,
had reasonable grounds to believe she was still in danger the day she filed the petition.
{¶ 16} Weight of the evidence concerns “the inclination of the greater amount of
credible evidence” supporting one side over the other. See Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12, 17, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). “Weight is not a question of mathematics, but
depends on its effect in inducing belief.” Eastley at ¶ 12. A reversal on weight of the
evidence is ordered only in exceptional circumstances. See Thompkins at 387.
{¶ 17} Pursuant to R.C. 3113.31, one who is the subject of domestic violence may
petition a domestic relations court or a common pleas court for a protection order. See
5. Parrish v. Parrish, 95 Ohio St.3d 1201, 1204, 765 N.E.2d 359 (2002); Haas v. Semrad,
6th Dist. Lucas No. L-06-1294, 2007-Ohio-2828, ¶ 9.
{¶ 18} For purposes of the statute, “domestic violence” occurs when “one attempts
to cause, or recklessly causes, bodily injury to a family or household member or places
such person in fear of imminent serious physical harm by threat of force.” See R.C.
3113.31(A)(1)(a), (b). Further, a victim is subject to domestic violence if the offender
engages in a pattern of conduct that the actor knows will cause the family or household
member to believe that the actor will cause physical harm or mental distress to such
person. See R.C. 3113.31; 2903.211.
{¶ 19} Immediate and present danger of domestic violence to the family or
household member constitutes good cause for purposes of R.C. 3113.31. Immediate and
present danger includes, but is not limited to, situations in which the respondent has
threatened the family or household member with bodily harm. See R.C. 3113.31(D)(1).
A person seeking a civil protection order must demonstrate by a preponderance of the
evidence that they are in danger of domestic violence. Felton v. Felton, 79 Ohio St.3d
34, 679 N.E.2d 672 (1997), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 20} In Thom v. Mulvin, 6th Dist. Erie No. E-08-073, 2009-Ohio-3797, we
affirmed the trial court’s issuance of a protection order because the petitioner was found
to be in imminent fear when the order was filed. Additionally, we found that “there was
competent and credible evidence to establish a pattern of conduct that caused an
6. imminent fear of physical harm and/or evidence to establish that appellant caused
appellee mental distress.” Id. at ¶ 10.
{¶ 21} The victim-petitioner in Thom had been cohabitating with the respondent
for five years. Petitioner testified about past incidences during the five years in which
she was the victim of domestic violence. Specifically, she testified that she had been
abused in May 2006, when respondent picked her up and threw her against the wall and
against a cedar chest. She also testified regarding a January 2007 incident, where
respondent threw her on a gravel driveway, from which she sustained injuries.
{¶ 22} The petitioner in Thom also testified that on the day she filed for civil
protection, she argued with appellant and was in fear for her safety. She stated that
because of the prior incidences of domestic violence and because of their argument and
her plan to end their relationship, she was afraid respondent would cause her serious
imminent harm. In light of the pattern of conduct established by her testimony, we found
the victim-petitioner’s imminent fear of physical harm, on the day she filed the petition,
was genuine and warranted relief.
{¶ 23} Consistent with Thom, we find that petitioner’s fear in this case was
genuine and protection was warranted. In specific, the order was filed on December 17,
2015, and petitioner testified that on December 14, 2015, an incident occurred in which
she was slapped in the face by respondent. This slap and a general fear of respondent,
because he was bigger, stronger and could hit hard, were the stated impetus for seeking
the order.
7. {¶ 24} Furthermore, petitioner testified to two separate instances in the past where
respondent got physical and put her in fear. The first was in spring 2011, and petitioner
stated that respondent shoved her with both hands as they argued. The second happened
in April 2015, and petitioner stated that respondent grabbed her hand and “nearly broke
it.” Based on these two instances, and the December 14, 2015 slap, we find there is
reasonable basis for petitioner to have been in fear for her safety on December 17, 2015,
and thereafter. Thus, the trial court’s judgment was not against the manifest weight of
the evidence, and we find appellant’s assignment of error not well-taken.
Conclusion
{¶ 25} The judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Thomas J. Osowik, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
8.