[Cite as Cleveland v. Jones, 2023-Ohio-3474.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
CITY OF CLEVELAND, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 112236 v. :
DESIREE JONES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 28, 2023
Criminal Appeal from the Cleveland Municipal Court Case No. 2020-CRB-008217
Appearances:
Mark D. Griffin, City of Cleveland Director of Law, Aqueelah A. Jordan, Chief Prosecutor, and Ameed M. Kollab, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Christina M. Joliat, for appellant.
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, J.:
Defendant-appellant, Desiree Jones, appeals her conviction and
sentence on one count of criminal damaging. Finding no merit to the appeal, we
affirm. In August 2020, Jones was charged in Cleveland Municipal Court with
one count of criminal damaging, a second-degree misdemeanor, and one count of
criminal trespass, a fourth-degree misdemeanor.
On September 17, 2020, Jones pleaded guilty to criminal damaging and
agreed to pay restitution. The criminal trespass charge was dismissed.
During the plea hearing, the court and the defendant, who was
represented by counsel, discussed restitution. Jones agreed to pay restitution and
told the court she could pay the amount owed over time if she was given a payment
plan. Jones claimed that she had already paid $750 towards restitution but did not
have proof of that payment. The court told Jones to bring proof of payment to her
sentencing hearing.
The court also discussed the issue of restitution with the victim. The
victim disputed Jones’s claim of a $750 payment, stating that the $750 was money
that the victim received for the sale of a vehicle that was unrelated to the current
case.
The case was transferred to another trial court, which held a series of
hearings. On at least two occasions, Jones failed to appear for court. On
April 6, 2022, the court sentenced Jones to a suspended sentence of 90 days in jail,
a $750 fine of which $700 was suspended, and five years of probation. As to
restitution, the court heard from both the victim and Jones. The victim turned over
receipts for repair to windows and a repair estimate and informed the court she had
not yet received any restitution from Jones, despite Jones’s contention that she had paid her $750 and made payments to the court for restitution. The court reviewed
the receipts, estimate, and ordered restitution in the amount of $1,008.
Jones filed a delayed notice of appeal, which this court accepted. Jones
assigns the following errors for our review:
I. Appellant’s plea was taken in violation of Crim.R. 11 and was not entered knowingly, intelligently, or voluntarily.
II. The restitution Appellant was ordered to pay was unlawful as no evidentiary hearing was held.
III. Appellant’s misdemeanor case should have merged with the later charged felony that had the same named victim and like charges.
Law and Analysis
In the first assignment of error, Jones argues that the trial court did
not comply with Crim.R. 11. Jones contends the trial court erred in failing to comply
with Crim.R. 11(C).
Jones was charged with a petty offense as defined in Crim.R. 2(D);
therefore, Crim.R. 11(E) applied to her plea hearing, not Crim.R. 11(C).1 Crim.R.
11(E) provides that a trial court shall not accept a guilty plea in misdemeanor cases
involving petty offenses, “without first addressing the defendant personally and
informing the defendant of the effect of the pleas of guilty, no contest, and not guilty
and determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily.” A trial court
advises a defendant of the “effect the plea” when the court advises the defendant of
1 Jones pleaded guilty to a second-degree misdemeanor, punishable to up to
90 days in jail. Misdemeanors having a penalty of six months or less are considered “petty offenses.” Crim.R. 2(D). the appropriate language under Crim.R. 11(B). Cleveland v. Martin, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 111495, 2023-Ohio-448, ¶ 7, citing State v. Jones, 116 Ohio St.3d 211,
2007-Ohio-6093, 877 N.E.2d 677, paragraph two of the syllabus; see also Cleveland
v. Jaber, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 103194 and 103195, 2016-Ohio-1542, ¶ 24-
25. Crim.R. 11(B)(1) states, “[T]he plea of guilty is a complete admission of the
defendant’s guilt.”
Jones argues that the trial court failed to substantially comply
with Crim.R. 11 in accepting her guilty plea because the court did not inform her of
possible penalties and that the court could proceed to judgment and sentence after
the plea.
“When a criminal defendant seeks to have his [or her] conviction
reversed on appeal, the traditional rule is that [the defendant] must establish that
an error occurred in the trial-court proceedings and that he [or she] was prejudiced
by that error.” State v. Dangler, 162 Ohio St.3d 1, 2020-Ohio-2765, 164 N.E.3d 286,
¶ 13. “When a trial court fails to explain the constitutional rights that a defendant
waives by pleading guilty or no contest, we presume that the plea was entered
involuntarily and unknowingly, and no showing of prejudice is required.” Id. at
¶ 14. “When a trial court fails to fully cover other ‘nonconstitutional’ aspects of the
plea colloquy, a defendant must affirmatively show prejudice to invalidate a
plea.” Id. at ¶ 15. An exception to the prejudice requirement is where a trial court
“completely fails” to comply with a portion of Crim.R. 11. Id., citing State v.
Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St.3d 86, 2008-Ohio-509, 881 N.E.2d 1224, ¶ 22. Although trial courts are not obligated to inform criminal defendants
pleading guilty to petty misdemeanors of their constitutional rights, the courts are
not relieved of every obligation. The trial court must still inform the defendant of
the effect of his or her plea, using the language found in Crim.R. 11(B). Martin at
¶ 10.
When reviewing a trial court’s compliance with Crim.R. 11, the inquiry
does not focus on strict, substantial, or partial compliance with the rule. Martin at
¶ 11, citing State v. Kauffman, 2021-Ohio-1584, 170 N.E.3d 952, ¶ 12 (8th Dist.).
Pursuant to Dangler, we consider: (1) has the trial court complied with the relevant
provision of the rule? (2) if the court has not complied fully with the rule, is the
purported failure of a type that excuses a defendant from the burden of
demonstrating prejudice? and (3) if a showing of prejudice is required, has the
defendant met that burden? Id. at ¶ 17.
In this case, the trial court informed Jones of the following during the
sentencing hearing:
Ms. Jones, you’re pleading guilty to criminal damaging, misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable up to $750 fine and/or 90 days in jail. A plea of guilty is a complete admission of guilt. Are you knowingly and voluntarily entering a plea of guilty to the criminal damaging; is that correct?
The trial court expressly informed Jones that her plea was a “complete
admission of guilt” as required by Crim.R. 11(B)(1) and we need not consider the
second or third prongs of the Dangler analysis. Jones’s guilty plea to second-degree misdemeanor criminal damaging
was in accordance with Crim.R. 11. Accordingly, the first assignment of error is
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[Cite as Cleveland v. Jones, 2023-Ohio-3474.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
CITY OF CLEVELAND, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 112236 v. :
DESIREE JONES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 28, 2023
Criminal Appeal from the Cleveland Municipal Court Case No. 2020-CRB-008217
Appearances:
Mark D. Griffin, City of Cleveland Director of Law, Aqueelah A. Jordan, Chief Prosecutor, and Ameed M. Kollab, Assistant Prosecutor, for appellee.
Christina M. Joliat, for appellant.
MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, J.:
Defendant-appellant, Desiree Jones, appeals her conviction and
sentence on one count of criminal damaging. Finding no merit to the appeal, we
affirm. In August 2020, Jones was charged in Cleveland Municipal Court with
one count of criminal damaging, a second-degree misdemeanor, and one count of
criminal trespass, a fourth-degree misdemeanor.
On September 17, 2020, Jones pleaded guilty to criminal damaging and
agreed to pay restitution. The criminal trespass charge was dismissed.
During the plea hearing, the court and the defendant, who was
represented by counsel, discussed restitution. Jones agreed to pay restitution and
told the court she could pay the amount owed over time if she was given a payment
plan. Jones claimed that she had already paid $750 towards restitution but did not
have proof of that payment. The court told Jones to bring proof of payment to her
sentencing hearing.
The court also discussed the issue of restitution with the victim. The
victim disputed Jones’s claim of a $750 payment, stating that the $750 was money
that the victim received for the sale of a vehicle that was unrelated to the current
case.
The case was transferred to another trial court, which held a series of
hearings. On at least two occasions, Jones failed to appear for court. On
April 6, 2022, the court sentenced Jones to a suspended sentence of 90 days in jail,
a $750 fine of which $700 was suspended, and five years of probation. As to
restitution, the court heard from both the victim and Jones. The victim turned over
receipts for repair to windows and a repair estimate and informed the court she had
not yet received any restitution from Jones, despite Jones’s contention that she had paid her $750 and made payments to the court for restitution. The court reviewed
the receipts, estimate, and ordered restitution in the amount of $1,008.
Jones filed a delayed notice of appeal, which this court accepted. Jones
assigns the following errors for our review:
I. Appellant’s plea was taken in violation of Crim.R. 11 and was not entered knowingly, intelligently, or voluntarily.
II. The restitution Appellant was ordered to pay was unlawful as no evidentiary hearing was held.
III. Appellant’s misdemeanor case should have merged with the later charged felony that had the same named victim and like charges.
Law and Analysis
In the first assignment of error, Jones argues that the trial court did
not comply with Crim.R. 11. Jones contends the trial court erred in failing to comply
with Crim.R. 11(C).
Jones was charged with a petty offense as defined in Crim.R. 2(D);
therefore, Crim.R. 11(E) applied to her plea hearing, not Crim.R. 11(C).1 Crim.R.
11(E) provides that a trial court shall not accept a guilty plea in misdemeanor cases
involving petty offenses, “without first addressing the defendant personally and
informing the defendant of the effect of the pleas of guilty, no contest, and not guilty
and determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily.” A trial court
advises a defendant of the “effect the plea” when the court advises the defendant of
1 Jones pleaded guilty to a second-degree misdemeanor, punishable to up to
90 days in jail. Misdemeanors having a penalty of six months or less are considered “petty offenses.” Crim.R. 2(D). the appropriate language under Crim.R. 11(B). Cleveland v. Martin, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 111495, 2023-Ohio-448, ¶ 7, citing State v. Jones, 116 Ohio St.3d 211,
2007-Ohio-6093, 877 N.E.2d 677, paragraph two of the syllabus; see also Cleveland
v. Jaber, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 103194 and 103195, 2016-Ohio-1542, ¶ 24-
25. Crim.R. 11(B)(1) states, “[T]he plea of guilty is a complete admission of the
defendant’s guilt.”
Jones argues that the trial court failed to substantially comply
with Crim.R. 11 in accepting her guilty plea because the court did not inform her of
possible penalties and that the court could proceed to judgment and sentence after
the plea.
“When a criminal defendant seeks to have his [or her] conviction
reversed on appeal, the traditional rule is that [the defendant] must establish that
an error occurred in the trial-court proceedings and that he [or she] was prejudiced
by that error.” State v. Dangler, 162 Ohio St.3d 1, 2020-Ohio-2765, 164 N.E.3d 286,
¶ 13. “When a trial court fails to explain the constitutional rights that a defendant
waives by pleading guilty or no contest, we presume that the plea was entered
involuntarily and unknowingly, and no showing of prejudice is required.” Id. at
¶ 14. “When a trial court fails to fully cover other ‘nonconstitutional’ aspects of the
plea colloquy, a defendant must affirmatively show prejudice to invalidate a
plea.” Id. at ¶ 15. An exception to the prejudice requirement is where a trial court
“completely fails” to comply with a portion of Crim.R. 11. Id., citing State v.
Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St.3d 86, 2008-Ohio-509, 881 N.E.2d 1224, ¶ 22. Although trial courts are not obligated to inform criminal defendants
pleading guilty to petty misdemeanors of their constitutional rights, the courts are
not relieved of every obligation. The trial court must still inform the defendant of
the effect of his or her plea, using the language found in Crim.R. 11(B). Martin at
¶ 10.
When reviewing a trial court’s compliance with Crim.R. 11, the inquiry
does not focus on strict, substantial, or partial compliance with the rule. Martin at
¶ 11, citing State v. Kauffman, 2021-Ohio-1584, 170 N.E.3d 952, ¶ 12 (8th Dist.).
Pursuant to Dangler, we consider: (1) has the trial court complied with the relevant
provision of the rule? (2) if the court has not complied fully with the rule, is the
purported failure of a type that excuses a defendant from the burden of
demonstrating prejudice? and (3) if a showing of prejudice is required, has the
defendant met that burden? Id. at ¶ 17.
In this case, the trial court informed Jones of the following during the
sentencing hearing:
Ms. Jones, you’re pleading guilty to criminal damaging, misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable up to $750 fine and/or 90 days in jail. A plea of guilty is a complete admission of guilt. Are you knowingly and voluntarily entering a plea of guilty to the criminal damaging; is that correct?
The trial court expressly informed Jones that her plea was a “complete
admission of guilt” as required by Crim.R. 11(B)(1) and we need not consider the
second or third prongs of the Dangler analysis. Jones’s guilty plea to second-degree misdemeanor criminal damaging
was in accordance with Crim.R. 11. Accordingly, the first assignment of error is
overruled.
In the second assignment of error, Jones argues that the order of
restitution was unlawful because the court did not hold an evidentiary hearing.
Pursuant to App.R. 16(A)(7), an appellant’s brief must include “[a]n
argument containing the contentions of the appellant with respect to each
assignment of error presented for review and the reasons in support of the
contentions, with citations to the authorities, statutes, and parts of the record on
which appellant relies.” “It is not the obligation of an appellate court to search for
authority to support an appellant's argument as to an alleged error.” Kremer v. Cox,
114 Ohio App.3d 41, 60, 682 N.E.2d 1006 (9th Dist.1996). “If the party presenting
an assignment of error for review fails to identify in the record the error on which it
is based, this Court may disregard the assignment of error.” Id., citing
App.R. 12(A)(2).
Although Jones cites the applicable restitution statute, Jones fails to
cite parts of the record on which she relies. Consequently, we could summarily
overrule the assigned error. Even if we were to consider her claim that the court
erred in ordering restitution, we find it to be without merit.
R.C. 2929.28(A)(1) provides in part,
If the court decides to * * * impose restitution, the court shall hold an evidentiary hearing on restitution if the offender, victim, victim’s representative, victim’s attorney, if applicable, or victim’s estate disputes the amount of restitution. The court shall determine the amount of full restitution by a preponderance of the evidence.
Jones argues that the trial court failed to hold a “separate” restitution
hearing.
Although Jones pleaded guilty in 2020, she was not sentenced until
April 6, 2022. Prior to sentencing, on March 23, 2022, the court held a status
hearing. On that date, there was discussion on the record regarding restitution and
Jones’s claim that she had already made payments to the court and/or the victim.
Because Jones disputed the amount owed, the court stated, on the record, that it was
scheduling a “restitution and sentencing hearing” for April 6, 2022.
On April 6, 2022, the court sentenced Jones to a suspended sentence
of 90 days in jail, a $750 fine with $700 of the fine suspended, and five years of
probation. As to restitution, the court heard from both the victim and Jones. The
victim provided receipts for repair to windows and an estimate from Home Depot
and informed the court she had not yet received any restitution from Jones, despite
Jones’s contention that she had paid the victim and made payments to the court for
restitution. The court reviewed the receipts totaling $1,960.20 and the Home Depot
estimate in the amount of $1,008 and ordered restitution in the amount of $1,008.
The record reflects that the trial court held a restitution hearing,
during which the court took evidence and heard from both the victim and Jones and
determined an amount of restitution. We find no error in the court’s judgment.
The second assignment of error is overruled. In the third assignment of error, Jones argues that her misdemeanor
case should have merged with her felony case.
Jones cites R.C. 2941.25(A), which governs allied offenses, and
provides that “[w]here the same conduct by defendant can be construed to
constitute two or more allied offenses of similar import, the indictment or
information may contain counts for all such offenses, but the defendant may be
convicted of only one.”
The statute is not applicable to this case. The date of the offense in
this case was July 9, 2020. Jones pleaded guilty on September 21, 2020, and was
sentenced on April 6, 2022. In February 2021, Jones was charged in a five-count
indictment in Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court with two counts of menacing
by stalking, a fourth-degree felony; two counts of violating a protection order, a
felony of the third-degree and a first-degree misdemeanor; and telecommunications
harassment, a first-degree misdemeanor; see State v. Jones, Cuyahoga C.P. Case No.
CR-21-655871-A; State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 112251 (motion for delayed
appeal denied and appeal dismissed. See Motion No. 560634).
The date of the offense in the common pleas court case is
December 3, 2020. Although the named victim is the same as the case in municipal
court, the offenses are not allied. The offenses occurred separately, months apart.
See generally State v. King, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-19-15, 2019-Ohio-4523 (in a
prosecution for sexual battery and gross sexual imposition, the trial court did not err
by not merging the offenses when they involved separate conduct that occurred multiple times over the course of several months). Moreover, Jones had already
pleaded guilty in this case before she was indicted in the common pleas court. We
see no vehicle in the criminal rules, nor is Jones able to point to any authority, by
which her municipal court case, to which she had already entered a plea, could
somehow “merge” with her pending felony case.
Accordingly, the third assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
Cleveland Municipal Court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
________________________ MICHAEL JOHN RYAN, JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, P.J., and SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR