Clawson v. Silver

2001 UT 42, 26 P.3d 209, 421 Utah Adv. Rep. 14, 2001 Utah LEXIS 77, 2001 WL 527425
CourtUtah Supreme Court
DecidedMay 18, 2001
DocketNo. 981497
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 2001 UT 42 (Clawson v. Silver) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Utah Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Clawson v. Silver, 2001 UT 42, 26 P.3d 209, 421 Utah Adv. Rep. 14, 2001 Utah LEXIS 77, 2001 WL 527425 (Utah 2001).

Opinion

HOWE, Chief Justice:

INTRODUCTION

11 Defendants Barnard S. Silver and Cherry B. Silver appeal from a summary judgment in favor of plaintiffs Robert Claw-son and Elizabeth Clawson ordering that certain real property located in Wasatch County, of which the Silvers and the Clawsons are cotenants, be sold at public sale.

BACKGROUND

1 2 Harold F. Silver, now deceased, and his second wife Ruth S. Silver conveyed real property upon which was situated their family cabin in Wasatch County to three of Harold's children and their spouses: Barnard S. and Cherry B. Silver, Elizabeth (Silver) and Robert Clawson, and Judith A. (Silver) and W. Peter Poulsen. The property has been divided by survey into three parcels, which we refer to herein as Lot 1 consisting of 3.37 acres, Lot 2 consisting of 2.80 acres, and Lot 3 consisting of 3.02 acres.1 On Lot 1 is the family cabin, built by Harold F. Silver in 1946. The Poulsens built a cabin on Lot 2, and all of the parties have stipulated to the partitioning in kind of Lot 2 to them. No one takes issue with that division, and the Poulsens are not a party to this appeal.

T3 The Clawsons commenced this action seeking an order that Lots 1 and 3 be sold at [210]*210public sale. They alleged that over a period of many years, there have been difficulties between them and the Silvers as to the "use, maintenance, and repair of the cabin." They asserted that the land and cabin could not be evenly partitioned without great prejudice as a matter of law because the cabin is on Lot 1, and Lot 3 is undeveloped, making the properties unlike and unequal in value. The Clawsons moved for summary judgment.

T 4 In opposition to that motion, the Silvers proposed that the property be partitioned in kind. They would partition Lot 1 from Lot 8 and then compensate the party receiving Lot 3 by cash payment under the remedy of owelty as set forth in section 78-39-41 of the Utah Code. In support of their proposal, the Silvers submitted the affidavit of Robert Mathis, formerly the Wasatch County Planner, averring that he believed a building permit could be procured to build a cabin on Lot 3 subject to the filing of a subdivision plat and satisfying ordinary health and safety concerns regarding water, sewer, and access for the lots. Under their plan, the Silvers would obtain ownership of Lot 1 with the cabin. They asserted that such an arrangement would obviate any prejudice to the parties.

1 5 The trial court denied the Silvers' proposal to divide and equalize the property through principles of owelty, finding that it would be "inappropriate and inequitable in that the parties would not in fact receive like kind properties" and that a partition could not be made without "great prejudice" to the owners. The court ordered Lots 1 and 8 be sold at a public sale.

[ 6 The Silvers appeal, contending that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment for the Clawsons, and that partition of the property could be made "without great prejudice" to the owners within the meaning of section 78-39-1 if the remedy of owelty was utilized. The sale of the property has been stayed pending the outcome of this appeal. Both parties claim strong sentimental attachment to the family cabin. Both parties assert an intention to bid on the cabin if we affirm the trial court's order of sale.2

ANALYSIS

I 7 When the family cabin was first built, a bronze plaque was embedded in the chimney of the master bedroom that read: "This house built in 1946 by Harold and Madelyn Silver for happiness with their children, Elizabeth, Barnard Stewart, Judith Ann, Brian Quayle." Leonard J. Arrington & John R. Alley, Jr., Harold F. Silver: Western Inventor, Businessman, and Civic Leader 141-42 (1992). Harold Silver spared no expense to build a home that would provide a gathering place for his family that would last for generations to come. See id. We have no doubt that this dispute was not what Harold and Madelyn Silver envisioned.

T8 Regardless, the law provides for situations such as this where real estate owned by multiple heirs as tenants in common must in some way be partitioned. See Barrett v. Vickers, 12 Utah 2d 73, 75, 362 P.2d 586 (1961) ("It is obvious that where a cotenancy is undesirable to one or more of the parties and they cannot agree upon a solution to the problems it presents, there must be some method of terminating it."). We first look to the governing statutes on partition. Section 78-39-1 entitled "Partition by cotenants of real property," provides:

When several cotenants hold and are in possession of real property as joint tenants or tenants in common, in which one or more of them have an estate of inheritance, or for life or lives, or for years, an action may be brought by one or more of such persons for a partition thereof according to the respective rights of the persons interested therein, and for a sale of such property or a part thereof, if it appears that a partition cannot be made without great prejudice to the owners.

(Emphasis added.) This statute presumes that when a cotenaney must be terminated, partition in kind is the proper remedy unless such partition cannot be made without great [211]*211prejudice. Partition in kind may still be appropriate even when such a division cannot be made without some prejudice if one party is compensated by the other for any inequality. Section 78-89-41 of the Utah Code, entitled "Owelty," provides:

When it appears that a partition cannot be made equally among the parties according to their respective rights without prejudice to the rights and interests of some of them, and a partition is ordered, the courts may adjudge compensation to be made by one party to another on account of the inequality .... And in all cases the court has power to make compensatory adjustment among the parties according to the principles of equity.

T 9 In our only decision where owelty was employed pursuant to section 78-89-41, we approved its use to equalize the partition of unimproved real estate instead of ordering a public sale. See Roper v. Bartholomew, 30 Utah 2d 386, 518 P.2d 683 (1974). In Roper, we upheld a partition in kind with a $200 per acre payment of owelty to equalize one party receiving less valuable land than the other. In other cases, where partitioning in kind was not feasible, a sale was approved. See Gillmor v. Gillmor, 657 P.2d 736, 742 (Utah 1982) (holding that a partition in kind of "substantial buildings and improvement of such diverse nature and lands of such diversity of development and production would be inequitable [because together they formed a single farming unit]"). Similarly, in Edgar v. Wagner, 572 P.2d 405 (Utah 1977), partition in kind of a house and lot among three cotenants was held to be not feasible without incurring great prejudice.

1 10 In the instant case, the court declined to order a partition in kind with the payment of owelty because the parties would not each receive like kind property. In other words, one party would receive the cabin with its out buildings and the other party would receive unimproved Lot 38, together with owelty.

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2001 UT 42, 26 P.3d 209, 421 Utah Adv. Rep. 14, 2001 Utah LEXIS 77, 2001 WL 527425, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/clawson-v-silver-utah-2001.