Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION IV No. CV-14-68
SHEENA CLARY Opinion Delivered May 28, 2014 APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE DALLAS V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. JV-2013-13-5]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE LARRY W. HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR CHANDLER, JUDGE CHILDREN APPELLEES AFFIRMED
PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge
Sheena Clary appeals from an order of the Dallas County Circuit Court adjudicating
her children, J.R. and B.C., dependent-neglected. Clary argues that the circuit court erred
(1) by allowing the introduction of hearsay testimony and (2) by relying on information
disclosed in the attorney ad litem’s closing remarks that were outside the record. She further
argues that there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of dependency-neglect. We
affirm.
The Department of Human Services (DHS) removed J.R. and B.C. from Clary’s care
in September 2013 after receiving a report that Clary had been involved in an altercation with
employees of the Fordyce Head Start and that she had threatened to harm herself and her
children. An ex parte order for emergency custody found a threat of harm to J.R. and B.C.
based on the mental instability of the mother. Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
At adjudication, the trial court found that Clary had threatened to harm an employee
of her child’s school after an altercation and had threatened to kill herself and her children in
a phone call to the school the next day. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court
adjudicated the children dependent-neglected, and Clary appeals.
We first address Clary’s claim that there was insufficient evidence to support a
dependency-neglect finding. We review dependency-neglect findings de novo, but we will
not reverse the circuit court’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous or clearly against the
preponderance of the evidence. Churchill v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 530,
423 S.W.3d 637. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support
it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with a definite and firm conviction that
a mistake was made. Id.
In adjudication hearings, DHS must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the
children were dependent-neglected. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(1) & (2)(B) (Supp.
2013). A dependent-neglected juvenile is one at substantial risk of serious harm because of
parental unfitness to the juvenile or to a sibling. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(18)(A) (Supp.
2013).
The evidence revealed that Clary had become upset with the staff of her son’s school
over the taking of his school photographs and that she verbalized her displeasure to the staff.
During the incident, Clary had indicated that she wanted to “end it all.” Clary returned to
the school the next day to retrieve her son’s medical records but was informed she was no
longer allowed on the premises. Later that afternoon, the school received an anonymous
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
phone call in which the caller stated, “Thank you for banning my son. I will kill myself and
my children.” An employee was able to identify Clary as the caller. The employee stated that
she took the threats very seriously. She did not believe that Clary was just venting or
frustrated and thought that Clary might actually harm herself or her children.
Evidence was also introduced that Clary had been emotionally erratic and depressed
since the death of her mother the year before and that she had a short temper and was possibly
sleep-deprived due to her nighttime employment. Clary admitted that she had suffered from
depression and anxiety since her mother’s death and that she had received some professional
help for her issues. She denied threatening suicide and stated that her comments were
misperceived.
Clary argues that evidence regarding her instability was not sufficient for a finding of
dependency-neglect. In doing so, she downplays the evidence of her depression and alleged
“outbursts” and explains the incidents in a manner favorable to her. However, the trial court
found the testimony of Head Start workers to be more credible. It is undisputed that Clary
was depressed and had sought medical treatment for her depression. At least one witness
testified that Clary’s behavior on picture day was irrational and that the witness was alarmed
enough to ban Clary from the facility. While there may have been some evidence to the
contrary, the resolution of any such conflict is within the province of the trial court as the
finder of fact.
Clary claims that, because the employee she was alleged to have threatened was an
adult, the trial court could not base its finding of dependency-neglect on those alleged threats.
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
She also argues that these alleged threats could not constitute conduct creating a realistic and
serious threat of death, and therefore cannot constitute abuse for purposes of the dependency-
neglect statutes. However, the trial court did not base its dependency-neglect finding solely
on that finding; the court also found that the children were dependent-neglected based on
Clary’s declarations that she was going to kill herself and her children. These threats go
directly to her fitness as a parent.
Whether a parent is legally unfit to care for a child for a period of time is not solely
based on a parent directly injuring a child. Brewer v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 71 Ark. App.
364, 368, 43 S.W.3d 196, 199 (2001). We hold that threats of self harm and harm to the
children, coupled with evidence of a lack of emotional stability, can support a finding of
parental unfitness sufficient for a dependency-neglect finding. Ultimately, the trial court
found that, in this instance, Clary’s threats of self-harm and harm to her children, along with
her emotional instability and her admitted depression, were sufficient to enter a finding of
dependency-neglect. On the facts before us, we are not left with a definite or firm conviction
that a mistake has been made.
Clary also makes an evidentiary argument, claiming that the trial court erred in
allowing a police officer to testify to the threats made by Clary to a third person. She claims
this evidence was improperly admitted hearsay testimony. However, even if the testimony
was inadmissible hearsay, it did not amount to reversible error. It is well settled that this court
will not reverse a circuit court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence absent a manifest abuse
of discretion. Hopkins v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 79 Ark. App. 1, 83 S.W.3d 418 (2002).
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
Moreover, even if the circuit court erred in admitting the evidence, the appellate court will
not reverse absent a showing of prejudice. Dodson v. Allstate Ins. Co., 345 Ark. 430, 47
S.W.3d 866 (2001). As stated above, given the evidence of emotional instability and the
testimony regarding Clary’s threats to harm herself and the children, which the court deemed
credible, there was sufficient evidence of parental unfitness to support a finding of
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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION IV No. CV-14-68
SHEENA CLARY Opinion Delivered May 28, 2014 APPELLANT APPEAL FROM THE DALLAS V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. JV-2013-13-5]
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE LARRY W. HUMAN SERVICES and MINOR CHANDLER, JUDGE CHILDREN APPELLEES AFFIRMED
PHILLIP T. WHITEAKER, Judge
Sheena Clary appeals from an order of the Dallas County Circuit Court adjudicating
her children, J.R. and B.C., dependent-neglected. Clary argues that the circuit court erred
(1) by allowing the introduction of hearsay testimony and (2) by relying on information
disclosed in the attorney ad litem’s closing remarks that were outside the record. She further
argues that there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of dependency-neglect. We
affirm.
The Department of Human Services (DHS) removed J.R. and B.C. from Clary’s care
in September 2013 after receiving a report that Clary had been involved in an altercation with
employees of the Fordyce Head Start and that she had threatened to harm herself and her
children. An ex parte order for emergency custody found a threat of harm to J.R. and B.C.
based on the mental instability of the mother. Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
At adjudication, the trial court found that Clary had threatened to harm an employee
of her child’s school after an altercation and had threatened to kill herself and her children in
a phone call to the school the next day. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court
adjudicated the children dependent-neglected, and Clary appeals.
We first address Clary’s claim that there was insufficient evidence to support a
dependency-neglect finding. We review dependency-neglect findings de novo, but we will
not reverse the circuit court’s findings unless they are clearly erroneous or clearly against the
preponderance of the evidence. Churchill v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 2012 Ark. App. 530,
423 S.W.3d 637. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support
it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with a definite and firm conviction that
a mistake was made. Id.
In adjudication hearings, DHS must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the
children were dependent-neglected. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-325(h)(1) & (2)(B) (Supp.
2013). A dependent-neglected juvenile is one at substantial risk of serious harm because of
parental unfitness to the juvenile or to a sibling. Ark. Code Ann. § 9-27-303(18)(A) (Supp.
2013).
The evidence revealed that Clary had become upset with the staff of her son’s school
over the taking of his school photographs and that she verbalized her displeasure to the staff.
During the incident, Clary had indicated that she wanted to “end it all.” Clary returned to
the school the next day to retrieve her son’s medical records but was informed she was no
longer allowed on the premises. Later that afternoon, the school received an anonymous
2 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
phone call in which the caller stated, “Thank you for banning my son. I will kill myself and
my children.” An employee was able to identify Clary as the caller. The employee stated that
she took the threats very seriously. She did not believe that Clary was just venting or
frustrated and thought that Clary might actually harm herself or her children.
Evidence was also introduced that Clary had been emotionally erratic and depressed
since the death of her mother the year before and that she had a short temper and was possibly
sleep-deprived due to her nighttime employment. Clary admitted that she had suffered from
depression and anxiety since her mother’s death and that she had received some professional
help for her issues. She denied threatening suicide and stated that her comments were
misperceived.
Clary argues that evidence regarding her instability was not sufficient for a finding of
dependency-neglect. In doing so, she downplays the evidence of her depression and alleged
“outbursts” and explains the incidents in a manner favorable to her. However, the trial court
found the testimony of Head Start workers to be more credible. It is undisputed that Clary
was depressed and had sought medical treatment for her depression. At least one witness
testified that Clary’s behavior on picture day was irrational and that the witness was alarmed
enough to ban Clary from the facility. While there may have been some evidence to the
contrary, the resolution of any such conflict is within the province of the trial court as the
finder of fact.
Clary claims that, because the employee she was alleged to have threatened was an
adult, the trial court could not base its finding of dependency-neglect on those alleged threats.
3 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
She also argues that these alleged threats could not constitute conduct creating a realistic and
serious threat of death, and therefore cannot constitute abuse for purposes of the dependency-
neglect statutes. However, the trial court did not base its dependency-neglect finding solely
on that finding; the court also found that the children were dependent-neglected based on
Clary’s declarations that she was going to kill herself and her children. These threats go
directly to her fitness as a parent.
Whether a parent is legally unfit to care for a child for a period of time is not solely
based on a parent directly injuring a child. Brewer v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 71 Ark. App.
364, 368, 43 S.W.3d 196, 199 (2001). We hold that threats of self harm and harm to the
children, coupled with evidence of a lack of emotional stability, can support a finding of
parental unfitness sufficient for a dependency-neglect finding. Ultimately, the trial court
found that, in this instance, Clary’s threats of self-harm and harm to her children, along with
her emotional instability and her admitted depression, were sufficient to enter a finding of
dependency-neglect. On the facts before us, we are not left with a definite or firm conviction
that a mistake has been made.
Clary also makes an evidentiary argument, claiming that the trial court erred in
allowing a police officer to testify to the threats made by Clary to a third person. She claims
this evidence was improperly admitted hearsay testimony. However, even if the testimony
was inadmissible hearsay, it did not amount to reversible error. It is well settled that this court
will not reverse a circuit court’s ruling on the admissibility of evidence absent a manifest abuse
of discretion. Hopkins v. Ark. Dep’t of Human Servs., 79 Ark. App. 1, 83 S.W.3d 418 (2002).
4 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
Moreover, even if the circuit court erred in admitting the evidence, the appellate court will
not reverse absent a showing of prejudice. Dodson v. Allstate Ins. Co., 345 Ark. 430, 47
S.W.3d 866 (2001). As stated above, given the evidence of emotional instability and the
testimony regarding Clary’s threats to harm herself and the children, which the court deemed
credible, there was sufficient evidence of parental unfitness to support a finding of
dependency-neglect without any consideration of this testimony. As such, the admission of
the evidence, even if deemed improper, was harmless.
Finally, Clary objects to statements made by the attorney ad litem in her closing
remarks. More specifically, she alleges that the ad litem made multiple remarks in her closing
argument that went outside the record:
(1) “Seroquel is not a sleep medication.” (2) “Seroquel is a medication you take every day.” (3) “It [Seroquel] can certainly cause issues if you take it for a time and just cold turkey stop it.” (4) “Mary Grice, who is admittedly a friend of Ms. Clary’s . . .” (5) “I mean, her doctor has been concerned about her in the past.”
However, we are unable to resolve this issue, because it is being raised for the first time
on appeal. In Lamontagne v. Arkansas Department of Human Services, 2010 Ark. 190, 366 S.W.3d
351, our supreme court reaffirmed the necessity of interposing a contemporaneous objection
in order to preserve an issue for appeal. In so holding, the court reiterated the principle that
“[d]e novo review does not mean that this court can entertain new issues on appeal when the
opportunity presented itself for them to be raised below, and that opportunity was not
seized.” Lamontagne, 2010 Ark. 190, at 4, 366 S.W.3d at 353 (quoting Roberts v. Yang, 2010
Ark. 55, at 7, 370 S.W.3d 170, 174).
5 Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 338
Affirmed.
GRUBER and GLOVER, JJ., agree.
Tara A. Mullen, for appellant.
Tabitha B. McNulty, County Legal Operations; and Chrestman Group, PLLC, by:
Keith L. Chrestman, for appellees.