Clark v. Portage Cnty OH

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided February 26, 2002·No. 00-4312·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

/,1'$ &/$5.RQEHKDOIRI ; KHUVHOIDQGDOORWKHUVVLPLODUO\  VLWXDWHG   1R 3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW  !  Y   3257$*( &2817< 2+,2HW  DO  'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOOHHV   1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH1RUWKHUQ'LVWULFWRI2KLRDW$NURQ 1Rn'DQ$3ROVWHU'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG1RYHPEHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG)HEUXDU\ %HIRUH0(55,77&/$<DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  *DU\ 0 6PLWK (48$/ s867,&( )281'$7,21 'RYHU 2KLR IRU $SSHOODQW  sRKQ 7 0F/DQGULFK0$=$1(&5$6.,1 5<'(5&2/3$ &OHYHODQG2KLRIRU$SSHOOHH21%5,()*DU\06PLWK

  &ODUNY3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRHWDO 1R

(48$/ s867,&( )281'$7,21 &ROXPEXV 2KLR IRU $SSHOODQWsRKQ70F/DQGULFK0$=$1(&5$6.,1 5<'(5&OHYHODQG2KLRIRU$SSHOOHH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 0(55,77&LUFXLWsXGJH3ODLQWLII/LQGD&ODUNEULQJVWKLV FODVVDFWLRQODZVXLWSXUVXDQWWR86&†FODLPLQJ GHSULYDWLRQV RI KHU ULJKWV DQG WKH ULJKWV RI WKRVH VLPLODUO\ VLWXDWHG XQGHU 7LWOH ,9' RI WKH 6RFLDO 6HFXULW\ $FW  86& †  HW VHT  3ODLQWLII VSHFLILFDOO\ FODLPV WKDW WKH 'HIHQGDQWV3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRDQGWKHRIILFLDOV RIWKH 3RUWDJH&RXQW\&KLOG6XSSRUW(QIRUFHPHQW$JHQF\IDLOHGWR SURYLGH WKH HQIRUFHPHQW VHUYLFHV UHTXLUHG WR FROOHFW RXWVWDQGLQJFKLOGVXSSRUWSD\PHQWVLQYLRODWLRQRI7LWOH,9' 7KHTXHVWLRQEHIRUHXVLVZKHWKHUWKHDSSOLFDEOHVHFWLRQVRI 7LWOH  ,9'  86& †  DQG  &)5 ††  DQG  FUHDWH D SULYDWH ULJKW RI DFWLRQ XQGHU ZKLFK DQ LQGLYLGXDOPD\VHHNUHOLHI:HFRQFOXGHWKDWWKH\GRQRW$V D UHVXOW DQG IRU WKH UHDVRQV WKDW IROORZ ZH $)),50 WKH GHFLVLRQRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWJUDQWLQJVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWIRU WKH'HIHQGDQWV 7KH3ODLQWLIIDQG KHU KXVEDQGs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s$ DW    'HVSLWH WKH 3ODLQWLIIjV  &ODUNY3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRHWDO 1R 1R &ODUNY3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRHWDO 

REOLJDWLRQV GRHV QRW DORQH JLYH ULVH WR DQ LQGLYLGXDO ULJKW DOOHJDWLRQVWKDWWKH$JHQF\IDLOHGWRSURYLGHDGHTXDWH7LWOH 86DW%HFDXVHWKH3ODLQWLIIKDVQRWSURYLGHG ,9'VHUYLFHVWRKHUWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWJUDQWHG'HIHQGDQWVj DQ\WKHRU\XQGHUZKLFKZHFRXOGZDONWKURXJKWKHQDUURZ PRWLRQIRUVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWRQWKHJURXQGVWKDW7LWOH,9' GRRUOHIWRSHQE\%OHVVLQJZHKROGWKDWWKH3ODLQWLIIGRHVQRW GRHVQRWSURYLGHDQLQGLYLGXDOULJKWWRVXHWKH'HIHQGDQWVIRU KDYHDQLQGLYLGXDOULJKWGHULYLQJIURP7LWOH,9'E\ZKLFK IDLOLQJWRSURYLGHWKRVHVHUYLFHV VKHFDQVXVWDLQKHU†FODLP$FFRUGLQJO\ZH$)),50 WKHKROGLQJRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW :HUHYLHZDGLVWULFWFRXUWjVJUDQWRIVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWGH QRYRXVLQJWKHVDPHVWDQGDUGVDVDSSOLFDEOHWRWKHGLVWULFW FRXUW:LOOLDPVY*HQHUDO0RWRUV&RUS)G WK&LU  8QGHU86&†DQLQGLYLGXDOPD\EULQJDSULYDWH ULJKWRIDFWLRQDJDLQVWDQ\RQHZKRXQGHUFRORURIVWDWHODZ GHSULYHVDSHUVRQRIULJKWVSULYLOHJHVRULPPXQLWLHVVHFXUHG E\WKH&RQVWLWXWLRQRUFRQIHUUHGE\IHGHUDOVWDWXWHV%OHVVLQJ Y)UHHVWRQH86  0DLQHY7KLERXWRW 86  :KHQGHWHUPLQLQJZKHWKHUDVWDWXWRU\ SURYLVLRQ JLYHV ULVH WR D IHGHUDO ULJKW ZH PXVW DVN   ZKHWKHU WKH SODLQWLII LV DQ LQWHQGHG EHQHILFLDU\ RI WKH VWDWXWH   ZKHWKHU WKH SODLQWLIIj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mVXEVWDQWLDOFRPSOLDQFHlSURYLVLRQGLGQRWFRQIHUDIHGHUDO ULJKW  ,G  7KH &RXUW KRZHYHU GLG mQRW IRUHFORVH WKH SRVVLELOLW\ WKDW VRPH SURYLVLRQV RI 7LWOH ,9' JLYH ULVH WR LQGLYLGXDOULJKWVlEXWHPSKDVL]HGWKDWSODLQWLIIVPXVWEHDEOH  &ODUNY3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRHWDO 1R 1R &ODUNY3RUWDJH&RXQW\2KLRHWDO 

WRmLGHQWLI\ZLWKSDUWLFXODULW\WKHULJKWVWKH\FODLPHGl,GDW LQORFDWLQJQRQFXVWRGLDOSDUHQWV6HFWLRQVWDWHVWKDW  WKHDJHQF\PXVWPDLQWDLQDQGXVHDQmHIIHFWLYHV\VWHPlIRU PRQLWRULQJFRPSOLDQFHZLWKVXSSRUWREOLJDWLRQVLGHQWLI\LQJ ,QKHUEULHIWKH3ODLQWLIIFLWHVWRVHYHUDOVWDWXWRU\VHFWLRQV WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI GHOLQTXHQFLHV DQG HQIRUFLQJ SD\PHQW ZKLFKVKHFODLPVSURYLGHKHUZLWKDQHQIRUFHDEOHFODLPWKDW REOLJDWLRQV LVHYLGHQFHRIDVWDWXWRU\ULJKWWRVXHWKH'HIHQGDQWV)LUVW WKH3ODLQWLIIFLWHV††  % DQG  ZKLFKSURYLGH :HFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHDERYHFLWHGSURYLVLRQVGRQRWSURYLGH WKH3ODLQWLIIZLWKDQLQGLYLGXDOULJKWWRVXH(YHQDVVXPLQJ $6WDWHSODQIRUFKLOGDQGVSRXVDOVXSSRUWPXVW WKDWWKH3ODLQWLIILVDQLQWHQGHGEHQHILFLDU\RI7LWOH,9'D  SURYLGHWKDWWKH6WDWHZLOO TXHVWLRQZHQHHGQRWGHFLGHWKH3ODLQWLIIjVFODLPHGLQWHUHVWV % HQIRUFHDQ\VXSSRUWREOLJDWLRQHVWDEOLVKHGZLWK OLNH WKRVH RI WKH SODLQWLIIV LQ %OHVVLQJ DUH VR YDJXH DQG UHVSHFWWR DPRUSKRXVDVWREHEH\RQGWKHFRPSHWHQFHRIWKHMXGLFLDU\WR L  D FKLOG ZLWK UHVSHFW WR ZKRP WKH 6WDWH HQIRUFHRQEHKDOIRILQGLYLGXDOV)RUH[DPSOHWKHVWDWHSODQ SURYLGHVVHUYLFHVXQGHUWKHSODQRU UHTXLUHPHQWVLQ†  % GRQRWPDNHLWFOHDUZKHWKHUDQ LL WKHFXVWRGLDOSDUHQWRIVXFKDFKLOG LQGLYLGXDOULJKWZRXOGDULVHEDVHGRQWKHDOOHJHGLQDGHTXDF\ RI WKH VWDWH SODQjV ZRUGLQJ RU IURP D GHILFLHQF\ LQ WKH

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Clark v. Portage Cnty OH, (6th Cir. 2002).

Clark v. Portage Cnty OH (Clark v. Portage Cnty OH) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.