Clark v. Noeth

351 F. Supp. 3d 369
CourtDistrict Court, W.D. New York
DecidedJanuary 8, 2019
Docket18-CV-6264L
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 351 F. Supp. 3d 369 (Clark v. Noeth) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, W.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Clark v. Noeth, 351 F. Supp. 3d 369 (W.D.N.Y. 2019).

Opinion

DAVID G. LARIMER, United States District Judge

Petitioner, Jason Clark, has filed a pro se petition for a writ of habeas corpus, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, challenging his conviction and sentence in Supreme Court, Monroe County of murder in the second degree ( N.Y. Penal Law § 125.25(1) ). Clark is currently serving a sentence of 25 years to life in prison.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Clark was charged by a grand jury with one count of second-degree murder. After *371a jury trial, he was convicted and sentenced to an indeterminate prison term of 25 years to life, in 2010. On appeal, the Appellate Division, Fourth Department, unanimously affirmed, and the New York Court of Appeals denied leave to appeal. 142 A.D.3d 1339 (2016) ; 28 N.Y.3d 1143, 52 N.Y.S.3d 295, 74 N.E.3d 680 (2017).1

Clark filed a habeas petition in this Court in April 2018. In his petition, Clark asserts three grounds for relief, but says only, "See State Appeal brief" as to each of them.

In his state appellate brief, Clark raised four grounds for relief: (1) the trial court erred in denying his request for an expert and an investigator; (2) the evidence was legally insufficient and the verdict was against the weight of the evidence; (3) the sentence was harsh and excessive; and (4) the trial court erred in holding the charge conference off the record and in chambers. (Dkt. # 7-1 at 4.) Rather than guess which three of the four grounds Clark presented in the state court are the three that he relies on now, the Court will address all four of those grounds.

DISCUSSION

Clark's contentions in support of his habeas claim can be easily disposed of. As stated, all he has done is reiterate the arguments that he presented in the state courts. None of those grounds provide a basis for federal habeas relief.

At the outset, several principles must be kept in mind. First, in reviewing state criminal convictions in federal habeas corpus proceedings, a federal court does not sit as a super-state appellate court. See Estelle v. McGuire , 502 U.S. 62, 67-68, 112 S.Ct. 475, 116 L.Ed.2d 385 (1991) ; Johnson v. Director, TDJC-CID , No. 16cv199, 2018 WL 6424770, at *1 (E.D.Tex. Oct. 31, 2018). See also Ponnapula v. Spitzer , 297 F.3d 172, 182-83 (2d Cir. 2002) (cautioning against fashioning "every nuance of state law ... into a [legal insufficiency] problem, thereby transforming federal habeas courts into super-appellate state courts," a role which "[b]oth Congress and the Supreme Court prohibit for federal habeas courts").

A separate but related consideration is that "[f]ederal habeas corpus is a backstop. It lets federal courts review the merits of federal claims in state criminal cases. But federal courts do not sit to review state law. So federal courts will not review federal claims when the state court's decisions are supported by a state-law reason, an 'independent and adequate state ground[ ].' " Richardson v. Superintendent Coal Township SCI , 905 F.3d 750, 759 (3d Cir. 2018) (quoting Coleman v. Thompson , 501 U.S. 722, 729, 111 S.Ct. 2546, 115 L.Ed.2d 640 (1991) ).

Third, the habeas statute, 28 U.S.C. § 2254, as amended by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, provides that when a state court has "adjudicated" a petitioner's habeas claim on the merits, a federal district court may grant relief only if the state court's decision was "contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States," 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1), or if the decision "was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding," § 2254(d)(2). That is a formidable obstacle to habeas *372relief, and Clark has fallen woefully short of surmounting it here.

Turning to Clark's first ground for relief, relating to the trial court's denial of his request for an expert and/or an investigator, the Appellate Division upheld the trial court's ruling on the ground that Clark had "failed to establish that such services were necessary to his defense," 142 A.D.3d at 1340. That ruling was well supported by New York law, see id. (citing cases). Clark has also failed to show that the state court rulings on this matter in any way implicated his federal constitutional rights. See

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Bluebook (online)
351 F. Supp. 3d 369, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/clark-v-noeth-nywd-2019.