Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-14987 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:18-cv-02587-TCB
CLARENCE CARR,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
U.S. BANK, as trustee for TBW Mortgage Backed Trust Series 2006-6,
Defendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ________________________
(December 5, 2019)
Before MARCUS, ROSENBAUM and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 2 of 7
Plaintiff Clarence Carr, proceeding pro se, appeals the dismissal of his
complaint against Defendant U.S. Bank National Association. Because the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars his claims, we affirm.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The relevant facts are largely undisputed. Carr previously owned real estate
located in Jonesboro, Georgia. After he defaulted on a promissory note secured by
a mortgage on the property, U.S. Bank initiated foreclosure proceedings. At the
foreclosure sale, U.S. Bank acquired the property, and Carr became a tenant by
sufferance.
After the foreclosure sale, Carr sued U.S. Bank, alleging that it had
wrongfully foreclosed on his property. The parties litigated the case in federal
court. Ultimately, the district court awarded summary judgment to U.S. Bank.
When the federal litigation ended, U.S. Bank filed a dispossessory action
against Carr in Magistrate Court in Clayton County, Georgia. After a bench trial,
the court entered judgment in favor of U.S. Bank. Carr appealed to the state court.
Because Carr failed to make ongoing rent payments to the state court’s registry
while his appeal was pending, the state court issued a writ of possession in favor of
U.S. Bank. The writ of possession commanded Carr to “without delay” deliver to
2 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 3 of 7
U.S. Bank “full and quiet possession of the [] premises.” Doc. 1 at 16. 1 But Carr
did not turn over the property.
A few years after receiving the writ of possession, U.S. Bank sent Carr a
letter demanding that he turn over possession of the property. Carr refused to
vacate the property and instead filed this declaratory judgment action seeking to
bar U.S. Bank from bringing any future eviction proceedings against him. In
particular, he sought declarations that (1) principles of res judicata would bar any
future proceeding U.S. Bank brought to evict Carr because U.S. Bank was required
to have raised any such claim as a compulsory counterclaim in the earlier federal
action, and (2) the statute of limitations would bar any proceeding because more
than six years had passed since U.S. Bank foreclosed on the property.
U.S. Bank moved to dismiss Carr’s complaint, arguing that the complaint
failed to state a claim for relief and the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction.
U.S. Bank argued that the complaint’s allegations failed to establish that Carr was
entitled to declaratory relief that would prevent U.S. Bank from evicting him from
the property. Regarding res judicata, U.S. Bank argued that it was not required to
have litigated dispossessory proceedings in the earlier federal litigation because
such a claim would not have been a compulsory counterclaim. In addition, U.S.
Bank argued that Carr’s allegations failed to establish that the statute of limitations
1 “Doc. #” refers to the numbered entries on the district court’s docket.
3 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 4 of 7
would bar it from taking further steps to enforce the writ of possession. U.S. Bank
also argued that the district court lacked jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine because Carr was using the current lawsuit as an improper attempt to
challenge in federal court the validity of an earlier state court judgment, which had
awarded U.S. Bank a writ of possession.
After Carr responded to the motion to dismiss, the magistrate judge issued a
recommendation that the court grant U.S. Bank’s motion and dismiss the
complaint. The magistrate judge determined that Carr’s complaint failed to state a
claim for relief. The magistrate judge explained that the allegations failed to
establish that res judicata would bar U.S. Bank from bringing a future
dispossessory action against Carr. In addition, the magistrate judge noted that Carr
had conceded that U.S. Bank’s arguments about the statute of limitations and the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine were correct. These concessions, according to the
magistrate judge, provided alternative grounds for granting the motion to dismiss.
Carr objected to the recommendation. After de novo review, the district
court adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, overruled Carr’s objections,
and granted the motion to dismiss. The district court dismissed Carr’s claims
without prejudice. This is Carr’s appeal.
4 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 5 of 7
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review de novo a district court’s application of the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine de novo. Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, 713 F.3d 1066, 1069 (11th Cir.
2013).
III. ANALYSIS
“The Rooker-Feldman doctrine eliminates federal court jurisdiction over
those cases that are essentially an appeal by a state court loser seeking to relitigate
a claim that has already been decided in a state court.” Target Media Partners v.
Specialty Mktg. Corp., 881 F.3d 1279, 1281 (11th Cir. 2018).2 The purpose of the
doctrine is “to ensure that the inferior federal courts do not impermissibly review
decisions of the state courts—a role reserved to the United States Supreme Court.”
Id.
Under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, a federal court is barred from
adjudicating a claim that was “either (1) one actually adjudicated by a state court
or (2) one inextricably intertwined with a state court judgment.” Id. at 1286
(internal quotation marks omitted). A claim is inextricably intertwined “if it asks
to effectively nullify the state court judgment, or it succeeds only to the extent that
the state court wrongly decided the issues.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
2 The doctrine takes its name from two Supreme Court cases, Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), and D.C. Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983). 5 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 6 of 7
“A claim that at its heart challenges the state court decision itself—and not the
statute or law which underlies that decision—falls within the doctrine because it
complains of injuries caused by state-court judgments and invites review and
rejection of those judgments.” May v. Morgan Cty., 878 F.3d 1001, 1005 (11th
Cir.
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Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-14987 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:18-cv-02587-TCB
CLARENCE CARR,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
U.S. BANK, as trustee for TBW Mortgage Backed Trust Series 2006-6,
Defendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia ________________________
(December 5, 2019)
Before MARCUS, ROSENBAUM and JILL PRYOR, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 2 of 7
Plaintiff Clarence Carr, proceeding pro se, appeals the dismissal of his
complaint against Defendant U.S. Bank National Association. Because the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars his claims, we affirm.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The relevant facts are largely undisputed. Carr previously owned real estate
located in Jonesboro, Georgia. After he defaulted on a promissory note secured by
a mortgage on the property, U.S. Bank initiated foreclosure proceedings. At the
foreclosure sale, U.S. Bank acquired the property, and Carr became a tenant by
sufferance.
After the foreclosure sale, Carr sued U.S. Bank, alleging that it had
wrongfully foreclosed on his property. The parties litigated the case in federal
court. Ultimately, the district court awarded summary judgment to U.S. Bank.
When the federal litigation ended, U.S. Bank filed a dispossessory action
against Carr in Magistrate Court in Clayton County, Georgia. After a bench trial,
the court entered judgment in favor of U.S. Bank. Carr appealed to the state court.
Because Carr failed to make ongoing rent payments to the state court’s registry
while his appeal was pending, the state court issued a writ of possession in favor of
U.S. Bank. The writ of possession commanded Carr to “without delay” deliver to
2 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 3 of 7
U.S. Bank “full and quiet possession of the [] premises.” Doc. 1 at 16. 1 But Carr
did not turn over the property.
A few years after receiving the writ of possession, U.S. Bank sent Carr a
letter demanding that he turn over possession of the property. Carr refused to
vacate the property and instead filed this declaratory judgment action seeking to
bar U.S. Bank from bringing any future eviction proceedings against him. In
particular, he sought declarations that (1) principles of res judicata would bar any
future proceeding U.S. Bank brought to evict Carr because U.S. Bank was required
to have raised any such claim as a compulsory counterclaim in the earlier federal
action, and (2) the statute of limitations would bar any proceeding because more
than six years had passed since U.S. Bank foreclosed on the property.
U.S. Bank moved to dismiss Carr’s complaint, arguing that the complaint
failed to state a claim for relief and the court lacked subject matter jurisdiction.
U.S. Bank argued that the complaint’s allegations failed to establish that Carr was
entitled to declaratory relief that would prevent U.S. Bank from evicting him from
the property. Regarding res judicata, U.S. Bank argued that it was not required to
have litigated dispossessory proceedings in the earlier federal litigation because
such a claim would not have been a compulsory counterclaim. In addition, U.S.
Bank argued that Carr’s allegations failed to establish that the statute of limitations
1 “Doc. #” refers to the numbered entries on the district court’s docket.
3 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 4 of 7
would bar it from taking further steps to enforce the writ of possession. U.S. Bank
also argued that the district court lacked jurisdiction under the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine because Carr was using the current lawsuit as an improper attempt to
challenge in federal court the validity of an earlier state court judgment, which had
awarded U.S. Bank a writ of possession.
After Carr responded to the motion to dismiss, the magistrate judge issued a
recommendation that the court grant U.S. Bank’s motion and dismiss the
complaint. The magistrate judge determined that Carr’s complaint failed to state a
claim for relief. The magistrate judge explained that the allegations failed to
establish that res judicata would bar U.S. Bank from bringing a future
dispossessory action against Carr. In addition, the magistrate judge noted that Carr
had conceded that U.S. Bank’s arguments about the statute of limitations and the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine were correct. These concessions, according to the
magistrate judge, provided alternative grounds for granting the motion to dismiss.
Carr objected to the recommendation. After de novo review, the district
court adopted the magistrate judge’s recommendation, overruled Carr’s objections,
and granted the motion to dismiss. The district court dismissed Carr’s claims
without prejudice. This is Carr’s appeal.
4 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 5 of 7
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review de novo a district court’s application of the Rooker-Feldman
doctrine de novo. Lozman v. City of Riviera Beach, 713 F.3d 1066, 1069 (11th Cir.
2013).
III. ANALYSIS
“The Rooker-Feldman doctrine eliminates federal court jurisdiction over
those cases that are essentially an appeal by a state court loser seeking to relitigate
a claim that has already been decided in a state court.” Target Media Partners v.
Specialty Mktg. Corp., 881 F.3d 1279, 1281 (11th Cir. 2018).2 The purpose of the
doctrine is “to ensure that the inferior federal courts do not impermissibly review
decisions of the state courts—a role reserved to the United States Supreme Court.”
Id.
Under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine, a federal court is barred from
adjudicating a claim that was “either (1) one actually adjudicated by a state court
or (2) one inextricably intertwined with a state court judgment.” Id. at 1286
(internal quotation marks omitted). A claim is inextricably intertwined “if it asks
to effectively nullify the state court judgment, or it succeeds only to the extent that
the state court wrongly decided the issues.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
2 The doctrine takes its name from two Supreme Court cases, Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co., 263 U.S. 413 (1923), and D.C. Court of Appeals v. Feldman, 460 U.S. 462 (1983). 5 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 6 of 7
“A claim that at its heart challenges the state court decision itself—and not the
statute or law which underlies that decision—falls within the doctrine because it
complains of injuries caused by state-court judgments and invites review and
rejection of those judgments.” May v. Morgan Cty., 878 F.3d 1001, 1005 (11th
Cir. 2017) (alterations adopted) (internal quotation marks omitted).
We conclude that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine bars Carr’s claims in this
case because the claims improperly invited review and rejection of an earlier state
court judgment. When the state court awarded U.S. Bank a writ of possession, its
decision had the effect of “authoriz[ing] the removal of the tenant or his or her
personal property or both from the premises.” O.C.G.A. § 44-7-55. By seeking a
declaration in this action that U.S. Bank was barred from taking future steps to
evict him from the property, Carr essentially sought to nullify the state court
judgment that authorized his removal from the property. Because under the
Rooker-Feldman doctrine the district court lacked jurisdiction to review the state
court’s judgment, we conclude that the district court properly dismissed the action
without prejudice.3 See May, 878 F.3d at 1005.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
3 Because we conclude that the district court lacked jurisdiction under the Rooker- Feldman doctrine, we need not address the other grounds for dismissal that the district court identified. 6 Case: 18-14987 Date Filed: 12/05/2019 Page: 7 of 7
AFFIRMED.