Barclay, J.
The special tax bills sought to be enforced in this action were issued in payment for the construction of a sewer in district number 1 of the city of St. Joseph. At that time, the municipality was governed by a general charter, applicable to cities of the second class. It vested in the common council the power to establish (by ordinances.as occasion might require) a sewer system, embracing public, district and private sewers. Public sewers were authorized “along the principal courses of drainage,” and were chargeable (by a “special public sewer tax”) on all property in the city, taxable for state purposes.
District sewers were to be constructed, within the limits of prescribed districts, to connect with a public sewer, other district sewer or with some natural course of drainage. The cost of construction thereof was to be assessed by the city engineer (or other officer in charge of the work ) as a special tax against each lot of ground in the district, exclusive of the improvements, “in proportion to the area of the whole district, exclusive of public highways.” R. S. 1879, sec. 4791.
[441]*441All the details for the collection, of assessments, so levied need not now be mentioned. The specific objections urged to the bills before us will be considered.
I. It is claimed that the tax bill is void, because it does not show on its face that defendant’s lot was assessed with the proportion of the whole cost which its area bore to the whole area of the district.
It is true that the amount of total cost is not mentioned in the tax bill, but the law does not require it to be so mentioned. The city engineer certifies that he computed the whole cost of the sewer and “assessed it as a special tax against the lot of ground in said sewer district number 1, in the city of St. Joseph, aforesaid, exclusive of improvements, in proportion to the area of the whole district, exclusive of public highways, and in so doing assessed lot'5 in block 3 in Patee’s addition, within said sewer district, in the city of St. Joseph, in Buchanan county, Missouri, with $83.62, its proper share of such costs; that Edward Farrell is the owner,” etc., etc.
The charter of the city declares that such a certified bill shall, in actions brought thereon, “be prima facie evidence of the validity of the charges against the property therein described and of the liability of the person therein named as the owner.”
In the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is always presumed that public officers discharge their duties properly, and this legislative declaration of the effect of an officer’s certificate, as evidence of the correctness of a tax charge, is predicated upon that recognized legal rule. In view of that rule, such certificates are justly regarded as having a natural and obvious relevancy to support the proposition of which they are declared prima facie evidence, and the courts have not considered such legislative declarations upon the effect of these certificates as any encroachment upon the judicial power. They have been frequently sustained [442]*442and enforced in the courts. City of St. Louis v. Oeters (1865), 36 Mo. 456; Ess v. Bouton (1876), 64 Mo. 105; State ex rel. Wilson v. Mastin (1890), 103 Mo. 508.
In the case at bar, no effort was made to show the .total cost of the sewer, or that the assessment by the engineer against the lot of defendant was incorrect in respect to the computation of the sum properly chargeable to his lot, upon the basis of calculation stated in the tax bill and in the charter. So that defendant, in this particular, has failed to overcome the prima facie case made by the Certificate under the law governing it.
II. The next objection is that the assessment is illegal because the charge is made against defendant’s lot in the proportion which the area thereof bears to the area of the whole sewer district, exclusive of public highways. That rule of apportionment is expressly fixed by the city charter, but defendant claims that it is unconstitutional, having no relation to the actual benefits conferred.
Special .assessments for local improvements are referable to, and sustainable under, the taxing power of the state. Garrett v. St. Louis (1857), 25 Mo. 505. In a recent case we had occasion to consider the justice of somewhat similar assessments, based on the application of the “ front-foot rule,” and then said: “ As in other applications of the taxing power it is not always possible to establish a scheme of assessment which shall bear with absolute uniformity on all property subject to the tax. Much latitude of discretion in exercising that power belongs to the legislative department and the courts will not interfere with it unless there is some manifest abuse which is not claimed in this case.” Keith v. Bingham (1889), 100 Mo. 307. In that decision we sustained the rule just mentioned, and consider the apportionment of the cost of a sewer according to the “area rule” adopted in the present case, as furnishing quite as just and equitable a mode of assessment as the “ front-foot rule” in the former case.
[443]*443What constitutional limitations there may be on the exercise of the taxing power in respect to these local improvements, this case does not require us to determine. We are all of the opinion that none prohibit the use of the “area rule” of apportionment of the cost of district sewers, as provided by the charter of St. Joseph.
III. Defendant also contends that the tax is void, because all the sewers needed in the district were not provided for in the ordinance and contract for construction, in pursuance of which the special tax in question was levied.
The answer to this contention is that the facts in evidence do not support it; neither do they show that defendant’s property is not adjacent to, nor drained by, the present sewer, nor that any other sewer will be necessary for the proper drainage of that district. So, the point is not available to defendant on the case as now presented, having regard to the force of the tax bill as prima facie evidence of liability.
IV. Defendant next claims that the ordinance and the assessment are illegal, because part of the district sewer covers the same ground on which a public sewer was contemplated by an earlier ordinance, though the public sewer was never actually constructed.
The facts on this point seem to be that, in 1881, the city had power to “construct along the principal water courses and dry hollows of said city, and in such streets as they may think proper, main sewers,” and, accordingly, a main sewer was built from the Missouri river eastward to Eighth street along Messanie street before the city of St. Joseph became a city of the second class, and in so doing all the moneys appropriated for such sewer were exhausted. The ordinance, under which that work was done, “established” a public sewer as far as Téntli street, but the appropriations for the work did not provide for its actual construction [444]*444beyond Eighth street, at which point it, in fact, stopped. The later ordinance (under the present charter) establishing the sewer district (in which defendant’s lot is located) provided for a district sewer between Eighth and Tenth, streets, on Messanie street, a part of the territory originally intended for the public sewer by the ordinance of 1881.
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Barclay, J.
The special tax bills sought to be enforced in this action were issued in payment for the construction of a sewer in district number 1 of the city of St. Joseph. At that time, the municipality was governed by a general charter, applicable to cities of the second class. It vested in the common council the power to establish (by ordinances.as occasion might require) a sewer system, embracing public, district and private sewers. Public sewers were authorized “along the principal courses of drainage,” and were chargeable (by a “special public sewer tax”) on all property in the city, taxable for state purposes.
District sewers were to be constructed, within the limits of prescribed districts, to connect with a public sewer, other district sewer or with some natural course of drainage. The cost of construction thereof was to be assessed by the city engineer (or other officer in charge of the work ) as a special tax against each lot of ground in the district, exclusive of the improvements, “in proportion to the area of the whole district, exclusive of public highways.” R. S. 1879, sec. 4791.
[441]*441All the details for the collection, of assessments, so levied need not now be mentioned. The specific objections urged to the bills before us will be considered.
I. It is claimed that the tax bill is void, because it does not show on its face that defendant’s lot was assessed with the proportion of the whole cost which its area bore to the whole area of the district.
It is true that the amount of total cost is not mentioned in the tax bill, but the law does not require it to be so mentioned. The city engineer certifies that he computed the whole cost of the sewer and “assessed it as a special tax against the lot of ground in said sewer district number 1, in the city of St. Joseph, aforesaid, exclusive of improvements, in proportion to the area of the whole district, exclusive of public highways, and in so doing assessed lot'5 in block 3 in Patee’s addition, within said sewer district, in the city of St. Joseph, in Buchanan county, Missouri, with $83.62, its proper share of such costs; that Edward Farrell is the owner,” etc., etc.
The charter of the city declares that such a certified bill shall, in actions brought thereon, “be prima facie evidence of the validity of the charges against the property therein described and of the liability of the person therein named as the owner.”
In the absence of evidence to the contrary, it is always presumed that public officers discharge their duties properly, and this legislative declaration of the effect of an officer’s certificate, as evidence of the correctness of a tax charge, is predicated upon that recognized legal rule. In view of that rule, such certificates are justly regarded as having a natural and obvious relevancy to support the proposition of which they are declared prima facie evidence, and the courts have not considered such legislative declarations upon the effect of these certificates as any encroachment upon the judicial power. They have been frequently sustained [442]*442and enforced in the courts. City of St. Louis v. Oeters (1865), 36 Mo. 456; Ess v. Bouton (1876), 64 Mo. 105; State ex rel. Wilson v. Mastin (1890), 103 Mo. 508.
In the case at bar, no effort was made to show the .total cost of the sewer, or that the assessment by the engineer against the lot of defendant was incorrect in respect to the computation of the sum properly chargeable to his lot, upon the basis of calculation stated in the tax bill and in the charter. So that defendant, in this particular, has failed to overcome the prima facie case made by the Certificate under the law governing it.
II. The next objection is that the assessment is illegal because the charge is made against defendant’s lot in the proportion which the area thereof bears to the area of the whole sewer district, exclusive of public highways. That rule of apportionment is expressly fixed by the city charter, but defendant claims that it is unconstitutional, having no relation to the actual benefits conferred.
Special .assessments for local improvements are referable to, and sustainable under, the taxing power of the state. Garrett v. St. Louis (1857), 25 Mo. 505. In a recent case we had occasion to consider the justice of somewhat similar assessments, based on the application of the “ front-foot rule,” and then said: “ As in other applications of the taxing power it is not always possible to establish a scheme of assessment which shall bear with absolute uniformity on all property subject to the tax. Much latitude of discretion in exercising that power belongs to the legislative department and the courts will not interfere with it unless there is some manifest abuse which is not claimed in this case.” Keith v. Bingham (1889), 100 Mo. 307. In that decision we sustained the rule just mentioned, and consider the apportionment of the cost of a sewer according to the “area rule” adopted in the present case, as furnishing quite as just and equitable a mode of assessment as the “ front-foot rule” in the former case.
[443]*443What constitutional limitations there may be on the exercise of the taxing power in respect to these local improvements, this case does not require us to determine. We are all of the opinion that none prohibit the use of the “area rule” of apportionment of the cost of district sewers, as provided by the charter of St. Joseph.
III. Defendant also contends that the tax is void, because all the sewers needed in the district were not provided for in the ordinance and contract for construction, in pursuance of which the special tax in question was levied.
The answer to this contention is that the facts in evidence do not support it; neither do they show that defendant’s property is not adjacent to, nor drained by, the present sewer, nor that any other sewer will be necessary for the proper drainage of that district. So, the point is not available to defendant on the case as now presented, having regard to the force of the tax bill as prima facie evidence of liability.
IV. Defendant next claims that the ordinance and the assessment are illegal, because part of the district sewer covers the same ground on which a public sewer was contemplated by an earlier ordinance, though the public sewer was never actually constructed.
The facts on this point seem to be that, in 1881, the city had power to “construct along the principal water courses and dry hollows of said city, and in such streets as they may think proper, main sewers,” and, accordingly, a main sewer was built from the Missouri river eastward to Eighth street along Messanie street before the city of St. Joseph became a city of the second class, and in so doing all the moneys appropriated for such sewer were exhausted. The ordinance, under which that work was done, “established” a public sewer as far as Téntli street, but the appropriations for the work did not provide for its actual construction [444]*444beyond Eighth street, at which point it, in fact, stopped. The later ordinance (under the present charter) establishing the sewer district (in which defendant’s lot is located) provided for a district sewer between Eighth and Tenth, streets, on Messanie street, a part of the territory originally intended for the public sewer by the ordinance of 1881.
But the later ordinance, defining the sewer district, being inconsistent with the prior one, repealed it to the extent of that inconsistency. The original work on the public sewer had progressed to Eighth street and stopped there, apparently for lack of funds. We know no legal reason why, in that situation of affairs, the city council might not, in the exercise of legislative discretion, repeal so much of the old ordinance as provided for a public sewer beyond the point it had then reached, and establish a sewer district for the construction of a district sewer to connect with the public sewer at that point.
The charter expressly sanctions the junction of a district sewer with a public sewer (R. S. 1879, sec. 4791), and permits the city council to cause sewers to be constructed in each district “whenever the council may deem such sewer necessary for sanitary or other purposes.”
We do not think the action of the council, in the circumstances here disclosed, was in any respect an infringement of defendant’s rights under our constitution and laws.
These are all the objections to the tax bill that call for remark.
The judgment is affirmed.
All of this division concur.