Pekelis, J.
—Carlos M. Hogan appeals from his conviction for attempted vehicle prowling on the basis that the municipal ordinance under which he was charged provides for a maximum punishment greater than that permitted for the same crime under state law. He argues that this violates (1) constitutional guaranties of equal protection and (2) Const. art. 11, § 11, providing that municipal ordinances must not conflict with general laws. We reverse and remand to the Seattle Municipal Court for resentencing.
When a person is arrested for attempted vehicle prowling in the city of Seattle, two dispositions are possible. The charge may be brought in Seattle District Court under the state statutes, RCW 9A.52.100 and RCW 9A.28.020, or in Seattle Municipal Court under the substantively identical city ordinances, SMC 12A.08.120 and 12A.04.120.
Hogan was charged under the city ordinances, and was found guilty by the Municipal Court. His sentence was 365 days in jail, 335 suspended, and $5,000 fine, $5,000 suspended. On appeal to King County Superior Court, his conviction and sentence were affirmed. He sought and was granted discretionary review in this court.
Vehicle prowling in the second degree is defined in RCW 9A.52.100 as a gross misdemeanor. An attempt to commit a crime defined as a gross misdemeanor is a misdemeanor.
RCW 9A.28.020(3)(e). The maximum punishment for a misdemeanor under state law is 90 days in jail or a $1,000 fine or both. RCW 9A.20.021(3). Under the City's ordinance scheme, on the other hand, the maximum punishment for all crimes, including attempts, is the equivalent of state law máximums for gross misdemeanors, that is, 1 year in jail and a $5,000 fine or both.
Compare
SMC 12A.02.060-.070
with
RCW 9A.20.021(2).
Thus, a defendant charged in Seattle Municipal Court is subject to a significantly greater penalty than that authorized under state law for the identical offense.
Hogan argues that this violates constitutional guaranties of equal protection, contrary to the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution and Const, art. 1, § 12, in that it gives unfettered discretion to the charging authority to seek varying maximum penalties. The City replies that differing penalties alone, absent the discretion to charge crimes of different degrees, create no constitutional infirmities.
In
Olsen v. Delmore,
48 Wn.2d 545, 550, 295 P.2d 324 (1956), our Supreme Court held that "[a] statute which prescribes different punishments or different degrees of punishment for the same act committed under the same
circumstances by persons in like situations" violates both the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution and Const, art. 1, § 12.
The constitutional flaw in such a statute is that it vests in the charging authorities unbridled discretion to charge an offender with either of two crimes, resulting in different sentences for the same offense.
State v. Mason,
34 Wn. App. 514, 516, 663 P.2d 137 (1983).
In this case, the elements to be proved under either the Seattle Municipal Code or the parallel state statutes are identical. For this reason, this case is distinguishable from
United States v. Batchelder,
442 U.S. 114, 60 L. Ed. 2d 755, 99 S. Ct. 2198 (1979), in which it was held that a conviction under one of two overlapping statutes which authorized different maximum punishments would not violate equal protection.
See Mason,
34 Wn. App. at 518-19
&
n.5 (distinguishing
Batchelder).
While the statutes in
Batch-elder
served independent legislative goals and required that different elements be proven,
Batchelder,
442 U.S. at 118-19 & n.5, the provisions at issue here do not.
The only distinction between the two enactments at issue here is the degree of punishment allowed under each scheme. Thus, this case falls squarely within a line of cases
following
Olsen
and holding that equal protection is denied where two separate but identical criminal statutes set forth varying penalties.
State v. Zornes,
78 Wn.2d 9, 21-24, 475 P.2d 109 (1970);
State v. Ensminger,
77 Wn.2d 535, 536, 463 P.2d 612 (1970); Mason, 34 Wn. App. at 516. This is true even where both statutes are of the same degree, for example, both misdemeanors.
State v. Martell,
22 Wn. App. 415, 416-18, 591 P.2d 789 (1979).
The City contends that another line of cases which also cite
Olsen
controls here. These cases hold there is no denial of equal protection where a statute merely permits a range or variation in punishment. We note, however, that where this principle is stated, it is accompanied with the proviso that the charging authorities cannot exercise discretion with regard to the
degree
of the offense charged
(i.e.,
felony or misdemeanor), and that sentencing discretion lies only with the court.
See Jansen v. Morris,
87 Wn.2d 258, 261, 551 P.2d 743 (1976);
State v. Blanchey,
75 Wn.2d 926, 939-40, 454 P.2d 841 (1969),
cert. denied,
396 U.S. 1045, 24 L. Ed. 2d 688, 90 S. Ct. 694 (1970);
State v. Boggs,
57 Wn.2d 484, 489-90, 358 P.2d 124 (1961);
State v. Edwards,
17 Wn. App. 355, 361, 563 P.2d 212 (1977),
review denied,
89 Wn.2d 1015 (1978).
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Pekelis, J.
—Carlos M. Hogan appeals from his conviction for attempted vehicle prowling on the basis that the municipal ordinance under which he was charged provides for a maximum punishment greater than that permitted for the same crime under state law. He argues that this violates (1) constitutional guaranties of equal protection and (2) Const. art. 11, § 11, providing that municipal ordinances must not conflict with general laws. We reverse and remand to the Seattle Municipal Court for resentencing.
When a person is arrested for attempted vehicle prowling in the city of Seattle, two dispositions are possible. The charge may be brought in Seattle District Court under the state statutes, RCW 9A.52.100 and RCW 9A.28.020, or in Seattle Municipal Court under the substantively identical city ordinances, SMC 12A.08.120 and 12A.04.120.
Hogan was charged under the city ordinances, and was found guilty by the Municipal Court. His sentence was 365 days in jail, 335 suspended, and $5,000 fine, $5,000 suspended. On appeal to King County Superior Court, his conviction and sentence were affirmed. He sought and was granted discretionary review in this court.
Vehicle prowling in the second degree is defined in RCW 9A.52.100 as a gross misdemeanor. An attempt to commit a crime defined as a gross misdemeanor is a misdemeanor.
RCW 9A.28.020(3)(e). The maximum punishment for a misdemeanor under state law is 90 days in jail or a $1,000 fine or both. RCW 9A.20.021(3). Under the City's ordinance scheme, on the other hand, the maximum punishment for all crimes, including attempts, is the equivalent of state law máximums for gross misdemeanors, that is, 1 year in jail and a $5,000 fine or both.
Compare
SMC 12A.02.060-.070
with
RCW 9A.20.021(2).
Thus, a defendant charged in Seattle Municipal Court is subject to a significantly greater penalty than that authorized under state law for the identical offense.
Hogan argues that this violates constitutional guaranties of equal protection, contrary to the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution and Const, art. 1, § 12, in that it gives unfettered discretion to the charging authority to seek varying maximum penalties. The City replies that differing penalties alone, absent the discretion to charge crimes of different degrees, create no constitutional infirmities.
In
Olsen v. Delmore,
48 Wn.2d 545, 550, 295 P.2d 324 (1956), our Supreme Court held that "[a] statute which prescribes different punishments or different degrees of punishment for the same act committed under the same
circumstances by persons in like situations" violates both the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution and Const, art. 1, § 12.
The constitutional flaw in such a statute is that it vests in the charging authorities unbridled discretion to charge an offender with either of two crimes, resulting in different sentences for the same offense.
State v. Mason,
34 Wn. App. 514, 516, 663 P.2d 137 (1983).
In this case, the elements to be proved under either the Seattle Municipal Code or the parallel state statutes are identical. For this reason, this case is distinguishable from
United States v. Batchelder,
442 U.S. 114, 60 L. Ed. 2d 755, 99 S. Ct. 2198 (1979), in which it was held that a conviction under one of two overlapping statutes which authorized different maximum punishments would not violate equal protection.
See Mason,
34 Wn. App. at 518-19
&
n.5 (distinguishing
Batchelder).
While the statutes in
Batch-elder
served independent legislative goals and required that different elements be proven,
Batchelder,
442 U.S. at 118-19 & n.5, the provisions at issue here do not.
The only distinction between the two enactments at issue here is the degree of punishment allowed under each scheme. Thus, this case falls squarely within a line of cases
following
Olsen
and holding that equal protection is denied where two separate but identical criminal statutes set forth varying penalties.
State v. Zornes,
78 Wn.2d 9, 21-24, 475 P.2d 109 (1970);
State v. Ensminger,
77 Wn.2d 535, 536, 463 P.2d 612 (1970); Mason, 34 Wn. App. at 516. This is true even where both statutes are of the same degree, for example, both misdemeanors.
State v. Martell,
22 Wn. App. 415, 416-18, 591 P.2d 789 (1979).
The City contends that another line of cases which also cite
Olsen
controls here. These cases hold there is no denial of equal protection where a statute merely permits a range or variation in punishment. We note, however, that where this principle is stated, it is accompanied with the proviso that the charging authorities cannot exercise discretion with regard to the
degree
of the offense charged
(i.e.,
felony or misdemeanor), and that sentencing discretion lies only with the court.
See Jansen v. Morris,
87 Wn.2d 258, 261, 551 P.2d 743 (1976);
State v. Blanchey,
75 Wn.2d 926, 939-40, 454 P.2d 841 (1969),
cert. denied,
396 U.S. 1045, 24 L. Ed. 2d 688, 90 S. Ct. 694 (1970);
State v. Boggs,
57 Wn.2d 484, 489-90, 358 P.2d 124 (1961);
State v. Edwards,
17 Wn. App. 355, 361, 563 P.2d 212 (1977),
review denied,
89 Wn.2d 1015 (1978). To allow a prosecutor to set the range of punishment by choosing the degree of the charge would not be in harmony with our State's policy "goals of treating all men equally in the guilt determination process while retaining some flexibility and individualized treatment at the punishment stage."
Blanchey,
75 Wn.2d at 940.
Only where objective standards govern the decision will a prosecutor be permitted to exercise any discretion at the charging phase. Thus, the court in
Edwards
held that a prosecutor's discretion to charge a firearm or deadly weapon penalty enhancement is constitutional since it is not unfettered but is governed by justifiable standards such as the severity of the offense, criminal propensities of the accused and the past criminal record of the accused.
See Edwards,
17 Wn. App. at 361;
accord, State v. Workman,
90 Wn.2d 443, 455-56, 584 P.2d 382 (1978) (discretion to
seek to restrict parole);
State v. Canady,
69 Wn.2d 886, 891, 421 P.2d 347 (1966) (discretion to charge use of deadly weapon governed by proof requirements).
We find
Jansen
and its progeny inapposite here. The prosecutor's arbitrary, unfettered decision to charge in one jurisdiction or another has a direct impact on the scope of the judge's sentencing discretion, but no justifiable standards related to the particular defendant or to the circumstances of the alleged crime control the prosecutor's discretion.
Thus, we hold that application of the statutory scheme of the Seattle Municipal Code violates equal protection in that it punishes attempted vehicle prowl to a greater extent than our State Legislature has decreed it should be punished. We do not hold that SMC 12A.62.060-.070 is void but rather that it may be enforced only to the extent it is within statutory limitations.
We therefore remand for resentencing consistent with state maximum penalties.
Webster and Winsor, JJ., concur.