City of Pompano Beach v. Haggerty

530 So. 2d 1023, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 2013, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 3858, 1988 WL 89153
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedAugust 31, 1988
DocketNo. 87-0442
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 530 So. 2d 1023 (City of Pompano Beach v. Haggerty) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
City of Pompano Beach v. Haggerty, 530 So. 2d 1023, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 2013, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 3858, 1988 WL 89153 (Fla. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinion

DOWNEY, Judge.

Appellee, Timothy Haggerty, placed his “mailbox” in the swale in the public right-of-way beside the street in front of his house. Appellant, City of Pompano Beach, advised him that the mailbox, its mounting and its supporting members violated Ordinance 100.35 and ordered him to remove it. Haggerty refused and this litigation ensued.

Ordinance 100.35 of the City of Pompano prohibited the construction or placement of private structures or obstructions of any kind in the public right-of-way. Ordinance 100.39 authorizes city officials to issue citations for violations of the ordinance and provides for the removal of unauthorized obstructions.

The evidence showed that, in order to position the mailbox in the swale area, Haggerty apparently dug a large hole between the sidewalk and street and placed therein two truck engine blocks. The engine blocks serve as anchors for two one and one-half-inch water pipes that rise about fifteen feet into the air. Two horizontal bars are connected to the vertical pipes. The receptacle to receive the mail is attached to the first horizontal bar approximately three feet from the ground. The second horizontal bar is located several feet above the mailbox. From the second bar, a two-inch gas pipe functions as a [1024]*1024flagpole, extending approximately another nine feet into the air. At its widest part the structure supporting the mailbox is five or six feet wide. A newspaper article in the record describes the contraption as containing an old bed frame, part of a golf cart, and it was topped by a model airplane and an “Air Mail” designation. After the city had won round one of the ongoing litigation between the parties, the city, pursuant to Ordinance 100.39, removed the edifice entirely. When Haggerty won the next round, he rebuilt the mailbox and “accoutrements” in essentially the same form, except he added a flagpole with an American flag attached to it.

When Haggerty initially refused to heed the city’s notices of violation, the matter wound up in the Broward County Court, resulting in a decision in Haggerty’s favor. On appeal to the circuit court, that decision was reversed and remanded to the county court, where an order to remove the structure was entered. The city removed the structure and Haggerty appealed to the circuit court, which again reversed the county court on double jeopardy grounds. When the city notified Haggerty that it intended to further prosecute him for ordinance violation, Haggerty commenced this suit in the circuit court for injunctive and declaratory relief. The city has perfected this appeal from a judgment for Haggerty permanently enjoining enforcement of Ordinances 100.35 and 100.39 against Haggerty, holding Ordinance 100.35 invalid on constitutional grounds, and enjoining the city from further prosecuting Haggerty for construction of the mailbox structure.

Haggerty contends, on appeal, 1) that the ordinances in question violate Aritcle VI, the Supremacy Clause, of the United States Constitution, to the extent they attempt to regulate the design and location of mailboxes and their structures and supports, 2) that the city’s selective enforcement of said ordinances violates Haggerty’s right to equal protection of the law, 3) that the ordinances violate the due process clause of the federal and state constitutions by taking property without compensation, 4) that the city’s attempts to remove Haggerty’s structure with its flagpole for flying the American flag violates the first amendment in that it stifles Haggerty’s right to free expression, and 5) that the ordinances have no standards by which to determine the size and dimension of an appropriate mailbox and, thus, lend themselves to arbitrary application.

The city argues that there is no supremacy act violation in these ordinances because they do not conflict with any federal regulation regarding mailboxes and federal regulations specifically recognize a municipality’s authority to act in this area. Domestic Mail Manual (DMM), § 155.27. Next, the city contends there has been no showing of selective enforcement of the ordinances and, thus, no equal protection violation; no taking and, thus, no due process problem. Finally, the city argues that neither is there a first amendment violation involved because municipal regulations prohibiting private structures in public rights-of-way, in order to keep them open and available for proper public use, meet the test set for them in United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367, 88 S.Ct. 1673, 20 L.Ed.2d 672 (1968).

Since this appeal has been pending the city amended Ordinance 100.35 by Ordinance 87-30, which provides in pertinent part:

WHEREAS, the City has determined that private structures located in public right-of-way are detrimental to the public health, safety and general welfare; and
WHEREAS, the purpose of the public right-of-way is to provide a way of passage for the public, to provide an area for drainage, to provide an open area between the paved portion of the roadway and the placement of structures, to provide an area for the installation and maintenance of public utilities; therefore to allow private structures to be located in the public right-of-way would defeat the purpose of public right-of-way; and
WHEREAS, the United States Congress has given the United States Postal Service the authority to promulgate regulations regarding the delivery of mail pursuant to Section 39 USC 404(a)(1); and
[1025]*1025WHEREAS, pursuant to this authority the United States Postal Service has recognized that a municipality has the authority to completely prohibit curbside mailboxes in the Domestic Mail Manuel [sic] Section 111.1 and Section 155.27; and
WHEREAS, the City of Pompano Beach recognizes that the curb side delivery of mail serves a valid public purpose, and
WHEREAS, the City, rather than prohibiting mailboxes in public right-of-way as a structure, desires to exempt such receptacles provided they do not exceed certain limitations and thereby defeat the purpose of public right-of-way,....
BE IT ENACTED BY THE CITY OF POMPANO BEACH, FLORIDA:
SECTION 1: That Section 100.35 of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Pompano Beach entitled “BUILDING OR OBSTRUCTION ON STREETS AND SIDEWALKS” is hereby amended to read as follows:
100.35 BUILDING OR OBSTRUCTION ON STREETS AND SIDEWALKS
(A) It shall be unlawful for any person to erect build, construct, deposit or place on or in any street, or any place where the public has the right of passage, any building, structure, or obstruction of any kind whatsoever, or to enclose any street, park, or other public property. Provided however, that a receptacle for the actual curb side delivery of mail shall not be prohibited pursuant to this section as long as such receptacle does not exceed five feet in height and is securely mounted on posts no larger than four-inch by four-inch or four and one half-inch diameter wood posts or two inch diameter standard steel or aluminum pipe buried no more than 24 inches in the ground and the receptacle for mail is located in a manner which does not obstruct vehicular or pedestrian traffic or pose a public safety hazard.

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Bluebook (online)
530 So. 2d 1023, 13 Fla. L. Weekly 2013, 1988 Fla. App. LEXIS 3858, 1988 WL 89153, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/city-of-pompano-beach-v-haggerty-fladistctapp-1988.