Gaines, Associate Justice.—
This is a proceeding in the nature of a quo warranto, instituted in the name of the State of Texas upon the relation of Joseph Putz, to determine the question of the validity of an election by which it was sought to enlarge the limits of the city of East Dallas. The District Court upon a final hearing held the territory sought to be annexed not a part of the city, and the respondents appealed.
We will dispose of the questions necessary to determine the appeal without reference to the order of the assignments of error.
It is insisted that the District Court had no power to hear and determine the cause. It must be conceded that under the Constitution the court had no jurisdiction by reason merely of the nature of the proceeding. The writ of quo warranto is not mentioned in section 8 of article 5 of the Constitution of 1876, and it was therefore held in the case of The State v. De Gress, 72 Texas, 242, that unless the value in controversy exceeded the sum of five hundred dollars the District Court did not have jurisdiction in a quo warranto proceeding.
But in this case it is alleged that the value of the property subject to taxation in the territory sought to be incorporated into the city is a million and a half of dollars, and that the rate of taxation established by its ordinances is seventy-five cents on the one hundred dollars worth of property. In this proceeding the State seeks to have it adjudged that the city has no authority or control over the inhabitants and property of the territory named in the information.
[373]*373The effect of a judgment of the court upon the merits is according to the allegations of the petition to determine the right of the respondent to collect for a single year taxes amounting to more than ten thousand dollars. But it is not the right to collect taxes for a single year only that is sought to be determined. The case, as others of like character, involves the right to collect taxes as long as the municipality with the limits sought to be established may continue to exist. We can hardly conceive a case involving the right of taxation over any considerable extent of territory in which the amount in controversy would not be sufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the District Court.
In the cases of Dunson v. State, 71 Texas, 65, and Buford v. State, 72 Texas, 182, this court entertained jurisdiction of the appeals, which it could not have done if the courts below had no jurisdiction. These were quo warranto proceedings and called in question the validity of the corporations of which the respondents were acting as officers. In such a case it necessarily follows that the amount involved exceeds the sum of five hundred dollars. We conclude that the court below did not err in entertaining jurisdiction of this case.
It is also assigned that the court erred in not sustaining exceptions to the information on the ground that the petition for leave to file the information and the information itself are embraced in one paper. The relation, which is signed by the county attorney on behalf of the State and is sworn to by the relator, contains a prayer that it be filed as an information, that the respondents be cited, and that upon the hearing the State have judgment ousting them from the franchises attempted to be ■exercised by them over the disputed territory. The statute seems to contemplate that there should be a separate petition and a separate information. 2 Sayles’ Ann. Stats., art. 4098L But it has ever been the policy of our laws to look to the substance, and not to the form of pleadings, and to uphold them when they contain allegations sufficient in substance to maintain the action or the defense, as the case may be, without reference to the form in which they are presented. Is it reasonable to presume that the Legislature in providing for the remedy by quo warranto intended to depart from the settled policy of our previous statutes and decisions in regard to pleadings? We think not. It is true that it was evidently intended to leave the right to file the information to the sound discretion of the district judge. It was therefore required as a condition that a petition should be presented to him, which should state the facts and should be supported by affidavit.
It seems to us, therefore, that the purpose of the Legislature is as effectually accomplished by a petition containing a relation of all the facts presented in the name of the State and verified by the affidavit of the relator, with a prayer that it be filed as an information, and with the .further prayer for process and relief, as by a petition and information [374]*374contained in separate papers. The information in this case was ordered, to be filed by the district judge, and we think it was sufficient. The statute expressly makes the remedy a civil proceeding, in which mere form is a matter of very little consequence. 2 Sayles’ Ann. Stats., art. 4098i, secs. 3, 4. We are of opinion that the court did not err in overruling the exceptions to the information.
In the view we take of the case it is unnecessary to consider the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to support the conclusion of the trial judge that a majority of the voters living within the territory sought to be annexed did not vote in favor of the proposition. That territory is shown by the record to be a mile wide. The authority for the annexation is contained in the following provision of the Revised Statutes:.
“Art. 503. Whenever a majority of the inhabitants qualified to vote for members of the State Legislature of any territory adjoining the limits, of any city accepting the provisions of .this title to the extent of one-half mile in width shall vote in favor of becoming a part of said city, any three of them may make affidavit to the fact, to be filed before the mayor, who shall certify the same to the city council of said city,” etc.
The words “to the extent of one-half mile in width” are ambiguous. That they were not intended to confine the authority to make an annexation to an area neither more nor less than a half mile wide we think clear. This is the literal construction, but it is too unreasonable to require consideration. It was intended either that the territory should be not more than a half mile wide or that it should be at least of that extent. The-words admit of either construction and there is nothing in the context to-show which was intended. We are therefore compelled to resort to the reason and policy of the provision in order to determine the question.
Reason does not sustain the latter construction. What object could there be for requiring that the territory annexed to a city should be at least a half mile wide? None suggests itself to our minds. On the contrary there are very good reasons why such a requirement should not be made. Let us suppose that a city should build up to the extent of a quarter of a mile outside of its corporate limits, but beyond this there was a lake or river or even merely agricultural or pasture lands. In such a case it would be unreasonable to require that more than a quarter of a mile should be included in order to make the annexation and give the population the benefit and protection of a municipal government. On the other hand the policy of prohibiting the annexation at any one time of territory of more than a half mile in width is apparent.
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Gaines, Associate Justice.—
This is a proceeding in the nature of a quo warranto, instituted in the name of the State of Texas upon the relation of Joseph Putz, to determine the question of the validity of an election by which it was sought to enlarge the limits of the city of East Dallas. The District Court upon a final hearing held the territory sought to be annexed not a part of the city, and the respondents appealed.
We will dispose of the questions necessary to determine the appeal without reference to the order of the assignments of error.
It is insisted that the District Court had no power to hear and determine the cause. It must be conceded that under the Constitution the court had no jurisdiction by reason merely of the nature of the proceeding. The writ of quo warranto is not mentioned in section 8 of article 5 of the Constitution of 1876, and it was therefore held in the case of The State v. De Gress, 72 Texas, 242, that unless the value in controversy exceeded the sum of five hundred dollars the District Court did not have jurisdiction in a quo warranto proceeding.
But in this case it is alleged that the value of the property subject to taxation in the territory sought to be incorporated into the city is a million and a half of dollars, and that the rate of taxation established by its ordinances is seventy-five cents on the one hundred dollars worth of property. In this proceeding the State seeks to have it adjudged that the city has no authority or control over the inhabitants and property of the territory named in the information.
[373]*373The effect of a judgment of the court upon the merits is according to the allegations of the petition to determine the right of the respondent to collect for a single year taxes amounting to more than ten thousand dollars. But it is not the right to collect taxes for a single year only that is sought to be determined. The case, as others of like character, involves the right to collect taxes as long as the municipality with the limits sought to be established may continue to exist. We can hardly conceive a case involving the right of taxation over any considerable extent of territory in which the amount in controversy would not be sufficient to confer jurisdiction upon the District Court.
In the cases of Dunson v. State, 71 Texas, 65, and Buford v. State, 72 Texas, 182, this court entertained jurisdiction of the appeals, which it could not have done if the courts below had no jurisdiction. These were quo warranto proceedings and called in question the validity of the corporations of which the respondents were acting as officers. In such a case it necessarily follows that the amount involved exceeds the sum of five hundred dollars. We conclude that the court below did not err in entertaining jurisdiction of this case.
It is also assigned that the court erred in not sustaining exceptions to the information on the ground that the petition for leave to file the information and the information itself are embraced in one paper. The relation, which is signed by the county attorney on behalf of the State and is sworn to by the relator, contains a prayer that it be filed as an information, that the respondents be cited, and that upon the hearing the State have judgment ousting them from the franchises attempted to be ■exercised by them over the disputed territory. The statute seems to contemplate that there should be a separate petition and a separate information. 2 Sayles’ Ann. Stats., art. 4098L But it has ever been the policy of our laws to look to the substance, and not to the form of pleadings, and to uphold them when they contain allegations sufficient in substance to maintain the action or the defense, as the case may be, without reference to the form in which they are presented. Is it reasonable to presume that the Legislature in providing for the remedy by quo warranto intended to depart from the settled policy of our previous statutes and decisions in regard to pleadings? We think not. It is true that it was evidently intended to leave the right to file the information to the sound discretion of the district judge. It was therefore required as a condition that a petition should be presented to him, which should state the facts and should be supported by affidavit.
It seems to us, therefore, that the purpose of the Legislature is as effectually accomplished by a petition containing a relation of all the facts presented in the name of the State and verified by the affidavit of the relator, with a prayer that it be filed as an information, and with the .further prayer for process and relief, as by a petition and information [374]*374contained in separate papers. The information in this case was ordered, to be filed by the district judge, and we think it was sufficient. The statute expressly makes the remedy a civil proceeding, in which mere form is a matter of very little consequence. 2 Sayles’ Ann. Stats., art. 4098i, secs. 3, 4. We are of opinion that the court did not err in overruling the exceptions to the information.
In the view we take of the case it is unnecessary to consider the question of the sufficiency of the evidence to support the conclusion of the trial judge that a majority of the voters living within the territory sought to be annexed did not vote in favor of the proposition. That territory is shown by the record to be a mile wide. The authority for the annexation is contained in the following provision of the Revised Statutes:.
“Art. 503. Whenever a majority of the inhabitants qualified to vote for members of the State Legislature of any territory adjoining the limits, of any city accepting the provisions of .this title to the extent of one-half mile in width shall vote in favor of becoming a part of said city, any three of them may make affidavit to the fact, to be filed before the mayor, who shall certify the same to the city council of said city,” etc.
The words “to the extent of one-half mile in width” are ambiguous. That they were not intended to confine the authority to make an annexation to an area neither more nor less than a half mile wide we think clear. This is the literal construction, but it is too unreasonable to require consideration. It was intended either that the territory should be not more than a half mile wide or that it should be at least of that extent. The-words admit of either construction and there is nothing in the context to-show which was intended. We are therefore compelled to resort to the reason and policy of the provision in order to determine the question.
Reason does not sustain the latter construction. What object could there be for requiring that the territory annexed to a city should be at least a half mile wide? None suggests itself to our minds. On the contrary there are very good reasons why such a requirement should not be made. Let us suppose that a city should build up to the extent of a quarter of a mile outside of its corporate limits, but beyond this there was a lake or river or even merely agricultural or pasture lands. In such a case it would be unreasonable to require that more than a quarter of a mile should be included in order to make the annexation and give the population the benefit and protection of a municipal government. On the other hand the policy of prohibiting the annexation at any one time of territory of more than a half mile in width is apparent.
There is a tendency on the part of thriving and ambitions cities to extend the limits of the municipality beyond the urban population and to subject to taxation persons and property who neither need nor receive any protection from the city government. It is reasonable to presume that the Legislature intended to restrain this tendency, and it seems to-[375]*375us that in the provision under consideration they have placed a very proper limitation upon the power of annexing territory. We are of opinion, therefore, that the statute did not authorize the addition of territory more than a half mile wide, and that the proceedings by which the territory was sought to be annexed in this case are void.
It is claimed by respondents that they have never exercised any authority over the territory in question. It appears, however, that they passed the ordinance of annexation, that they had taken steps preparatory to levying a tax, and that the territory was recognized as a ward of the city. We think this a sufficient indication of the purpose to exercise the corporate franchises of the city over the disputed territory to sustain the action.
The judgment of the lower court is the only proper judgment that could have been rendered in the case, and it is therefore affirmed.
Affirmed.
Delivered March 26, 1889.