NUMBER 13-19-00650-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL IRISH, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 36th District Court of San Patricio County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Longoria, Hinojosa, and Tijerina Memorandum Opinion by Justice Hinojosa
A trial court convicted appellant Christopher Michael Irish of continuous family
violence assault, a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 25.11(e). After Irish
pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement, the trial court sentenced him to five years’
deferred adjudication community supervision. Two years later, the State filed a motion to
adjudicate. The trial court found the State’s allegations true and sentenced Irish to ten years’ incarceration at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice—Institutional Division.
See id. § 12.34. By one issue, Irish contends there was legally insufficient evidence to
support the trial court’s findings of true. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A. The Initial Offense
On March 28, 2017, a grand jury indicted Irish for continuous family violence
assault. See id. § 25.11(e). The indictment set forth that Irish struck his wife, Krysta
Jeffrey, “with a rake” or with his “fist or hands” on November 20, 2016. After pleading
guilty pursuant to a plea agreement, the trial court sentenced Irish to five years’ deferred
adjudication on December 7, 2017. The court admonished Irish regarding the conditions
of his community supervision, which included committing no further offenses against the
State of Texas.
B. The State’s Motion to Adjudicate
Two years later, on May 1, 2019, the State filed a motion to adjudicate guilt. In its
motion, the State alleged Irish violated four conditions of his deferred adjudication
community supervision:
1. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., 1 a child 14 years of age or younger[,] by hitting her with his open hand;
2. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause
1 To protect the identity of the minor child, we refer to her by her initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 109.002(d); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(a).
2 bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger[,] by punching her belly with his closed hand;
3. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger, by pushing her causing her to fall and twisting her arms; and
4. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger, by hitting on top of the head with phone charger.
J.E.R. is Irish’s biological daughter. At the hearing on the motion to adjudicate, the
State abandoned counts (1) and (2) because a witness, J.E.R.’s babysitter Mikayla
Trevino, could not testify due to a family emergency. The State proceeded on counts (3)
and (4). Irish entered a “not true” plea on both allegations, and the State commenced with
its case.
The State called Mallory Ladny, a caseworker with the Texas Department of Family
and Protective Services (the Department). Ladny testified that J.E.R. was four or five
years old at the time of offenses alleged in the motion to adjudicate. Ladny acknowledged
that J.E.R. had previously accused her father of sexual abuse on three separate
occasions, but that the Department had administratively closed those cases after failing
to substantiate the outcries. Ladny explained that a case being “ruled out” did not mean
the claims were false; it meant there was no proof to corroborate them. Ladny also
testified that there was an open case with the Department out of Travis County, Texas,
against Irish regarding J.E.R. Ladny reported that there was a mediated settlement
agreement in place wherein Irish agreed to relinquish parental rights of J.E.R. in J.E.R.’s
“best interests.”
3 Shawn Barnes, a police officer for the City of Corpus Christi, testified that on
August 6, 2018, he responded to a call made by Trevino regarding possible child abuse.
When Barnes arrived at the home, he saw four-year-old J.E.R. with “15 to 20 bruises on
her right arm that were about the size of quarters . . . .” He testified that some of the
bruises looked fresh with the skin raised, while others were already healing. Barnes also
noted that J.E.R. looked malnourished and had decaying teeth. He referred the case to
the Department and J.E.R. was taken to Driscoll Children’s Hospital.
The State also called Detective Wenzel, an investigator employed by the Corpus
Christi Police Department’s Family Violence Bureau and Child Crimes Unit. Wenzel
reviewed J.E.R.’s videotaped interview with the Child Advocacy Center regarding the
August 6, 2018 call. He also visited the home where J.E.R. lived with her father in an R.V.
park near water. He noted in his report that J.E.R. said her father told her, “he was going
to throw her in the water and nobody would be able to hear her.” As part of his
investigation, Wenzel also reviewed a prior instance from April 2018 where J.E.R. claimed
her father had thrown a chair at her.
On cross-examination, the defense had Wenzel read the following from a police
report from an April 2018 incident involving J.E.R. and her father:
J.E.R. did not promise to tell the truth during the interview when asked if she would on two occasions. J.E.R. said she went to the hospital. She said that they took a picture of her knee and showed her knee. She said that it came from being scratched. She pointed out another mark and said she got that from falling. She said she doesn’t see her dad anymore but would not say why. J.E.R. showed another bruise but said she didn’t know how she got it. On a body diagram J.E.R. named the various body parts. J.E.R. said she had a bruise on her eye that came from jumping off the bed. J.E.R. made no outcry of physical or sexual abuse.
4 I was told that the injuries the victim had were nonspecific and not indicative of physical abuse. In light of this and the lack of an outcry at Driscoll Children’s Hospital or the CACCB, this case will be made inactive and referred to CPS. If new evidence comes to light then it can be re-opened at that time.
Finally, the State called Sandra Pardo, a registered nurse who works for the
Driscoll Children’s Hospital Child Abuse Resource Evaluation (CARE) Team. Pardo
testified she has medically examined over a thousand children in her twenty-four-year
career. Pardo examined J.E.R. on August 6, 2018 for suspected physical abuse. Pardo
performed a body surface examination and found twenty-six different injuries, most of
which were bruises. The bruises were located on J.E.R.’s left temple, cheeks, chin, back,
right arm, abdomen, legs, and feet. J.E.R. told Pardo, “Daddy pushed me and I fell on the
brown stairs outside. He was mad and mean. He twisted my arm.” J.E.R. also told Pardo
that Irish twisted her right arm “because he was not nice. He hit me with a charger on the
head.” J.E.R.
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NUMBER 13-19-00650-CR
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG
CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL IRISH, Appellant,
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee.
On appeal from the 36th District Court of San Patricio County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Longoria, Hinojosa, and Tijerina Memorandum Opinion by Justice Hinojosa
A trial court convicted appellant Christopher Michael Irish of continuous family
violence assault, a third-degree felony. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 25.11(e). After Irish
pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement, the trial court sentenced him to five years’
deferred adjudication community supervision. Two years later, the State filed a motion to
adjudicate. The trial court found the State’s allegations true and sentenced Irish to ten years’ incarceration at the Texas Department of Criminal Justice—Institutional Division.
See id. § 12.34. By one issue, Irish contends there was legally insufficient evidence to
support the trial court’s findings of true. We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A. The Initial Offense
On March 28, 2017, a grand jury indicted Irish for continuous family violence
assault. See id. § 25.11(e). The indictment set forth that Irish struck his wife, Krysta
Jeffrey, “with a rake” or with his “fist or hands” on November 20, 2016. After pleading
guilty pursuant to a plea agreement, the trial court sentenced Irish to five years’ deferred
adjudication on December 7, 2017. The court admonished Irish regarding the conditions
of his community supervision, which included committing no further offenses against the
State of Texas.
B. The State’s Motion to Adjudicate
Two years later, on May 1, 2019, the State filed a motion to adjudicate guilt. In its
motion, the State alleged Irish violated four conditions of his deferred adjudication
community supervision:
1. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., 1 a child 14 years of age or younger[,] by hitting her with his open hand;
2. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause
1 To protect the identity of the minor child, we refer to her by her initials. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.
§ 109.002(d); TEX. R. APP. P. 9.8(a).
2 bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger[,] by punching her belly with his closed hand;
3. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger, by pushing her causing her to fall and twisting her arms; and
4. On or about the 6th day of August, 2018, in the County of Nueces, State of Texas, the said Christopher Michael Irish, did then and there cause bodily injury to J.E.R., a child 14 years of age or younger, by hitting on top of the head with phone charger.
J.E.R. is Irish’s biological daughter. At the hearing on the motion to adjudicate, the
State abandoned counts (1) and (2) because a witness, J.E.R.’s babysitter Mikayla
Trevino, could not testify due to a family emergency. The State proceeded on counts (3)
and (4). Irish entered a “not true” plea on both allegations, and the State commenced with
its case.
The State called Mallory Ladny, a caseworker with the Texas Department of Family
and Protective Services (the Department). Ladny testified that J.E.R. was four or five
years old at the time of offenses alleged in the motion to adjudicate. Ladny acknowledged
that J.E.R. had previously accused her father of sexual abuse on three separate
occasions, but that the Department had administratively closed those cases after failing
to substantiate the outcries. Ladny explained that a case being “ruled out” did not mean
the claims were false; it meant there was no proof to corroborate them. Ladny also
testified that there was an open case with the Department out of Travis County, Texas,
against Irish regarding J.E.R. Ladny reported that there was a mediated settlement
agreement in place wherein Irish agreed to relinquish parental rights of J.E.R. in J.E.R.’s
“best interests.”
3 Shawn Barnes, a police officer for the City of Corpus Christi, testified that on
August 6, 2018, he responded to a call made by Trevino regarding possible child abuse.
When Barnes arrived at the home, he saw four-year-old J.E.R. with “15 to 20 bruises on
her right arm that were about the size of quarters . . . .” He testified that some of the
bruises looked fresh with the skin raised, while others were already healing. Barnes also
noted that J.E.R. looked malnourished and had decaying teeth. He referred the case to
the Department and J.E.R. was taken to Driscoll Children’s Hospital.
The State also called Detective Wenzel, an investigator employed by the Corpus
Christi Police Department’s Family Violence Bureau and Child Crimes Unit. Wenzel
reviewed J.E.R.’s videotaped interview with the Child Advocacy Center regarding the
August 6, 2018 call. He also visited the home where J.E.R. lived with her father in an R.V.
park near water. He noted in his report that J.E.R. said her father told her, “he was going
to throw her in the water and nobody would be able to hear her.” As part of his
investigation, Wenzel also reviewed a prior instance from April 2018 where J.E.R. claimed
her father had thrown a chair at her.
On cross-examination, the defense had Wenzel read the following from a police
report from an April 2018 incident involving J.E.R. and her father:
J.E.R. did not promise to tell the truth during the interview when asked if she would on two occasions. J.E.R. said she went to the hospital. She said that they took a picture of her knee and showed her knee. She said that it came from being scratched. She pointed out another mark and said she got that from falling. She said she doesn’t see her dad anymore but would not say why. J.E.R. showed another bruise but said she didn’t know how she got it. On a body diagram J.E.R. named the various body parts. J.E.R. said she had a bruise on her eye that came from jumping off the bed. J.E.R. made no outcry of physical or sexual abuse.
4 I was told that the injuries the victim had were nonspecific and not indicative of physical abuse. In light of this and the lack of an outcry at Driscoll Children’s Hospital or the CACCB, this case will be made inactive and referred to CPS. If new evidence comes to light then it can be re-opened at that time.
Finally, the State called Sandra Pardo, a registered nurse who works for the
Driscoll Children’s Hospital Child Abuse Resource Evaluation (CARE) Team. Pardo
testified she has medically examined over a thousand children in her twenty-four-year
career. Pardo examined J.E.R. on August 6, 2018 for suspected physical abuse. Pardo
performed a body surface examination and found twenty-six different injuries, most of
which were bruises. The bruises were located on J.E.R.’s left temple, cheeks, chin, back,
right arm, abdomen, legs, and feet. J.E.R. told Pardo, “Daddy pushed me and I fell on the
brown stairs outside. He was mad and mean. He twisted my arm.” J.E.R. also told Pardo
that Irish twisted her right arm “because he was not nice. He hit me with a charger on the
head.” J.E.R. demonstrated the twisting to Pardo by grabbing her own right arm with her
left hand.
The trial court found that allegations (3) and (4) were true and sentenced Irish to
ten years’ incarceration. This appeal ensued.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW & APPLICABLE LAW
The appellate court reviews a judgment revoking community supervision for an
abuse of discretion. Hacker v. State, 389 S.W.3d 860, 865 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). An
order revoking community supervision must be supported by a preponderance of the
evidence, meaning the greater weight of the credible evidence that would create a
reasonable belief that the defendant had violated a condition of probation. Id. at 864–65.
5 The State may prove the elements of an offense by either direct or circumstantial
evidence, and “circumstantial evidence is as probative as direct evidence in establishing
the guilt of an actor, and circumstantial evidence alone can be sufficient to establish guilt.”
Hooper v. State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007) (citing Guevara v. State, 152
S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004)). The trial judge is the sole judge of the credibility
of the witnesses and the weight to be given to their testimony. Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at
865.
III. ANALYSIS
By his sole issue, Irish contends there was legally insufficient evidence to support
the trial court’s findings of true on counts (3) and (4). In particular, Irish argues that the
only evidence against him is the word of J.E.R. He stresses the fact that J.E.R.’s previous
outcries to CPS resulted in closed cases because the Department could not substantiate
them. These closed cases, he argues, bring her credibility as a witness into question. He
also pointed out J.E.R.’s previous refusal to tell the truth in a prior investigation.
We note that even if we set J.E.R.’s outcries aside, the greater weight of the
credible evidence creates a reasonable belief that Irish pushed J.E.R., twisted her arm,
and hit her head with a phone charger. See Hacker, 389 S.W.3d at 864–65. First, Officer
Barnes, who responded to J.E.R.’s babysitter’s initial call, reported seeing “15 to 20
bruises on [J.E.R.’s] right arm that were about the size of quarters . . . .” Barnes also
testified that some of the bruises looked fresh, while others were in various stages of
healing. Second, Pardo, a registered nurse with twenty-four-years of experience treating
abused children, testified that she performed a body surface examination of J.E.R. and
6 found twenty-six different injuries on the child, most of which were bruises. The bruises
on her body and right arm supported the State’s allegation that Irish pushed his daughter
down and twisted her right arm, and the bruises on her temple supported the State’s
contention that Irish hit his daughter on the head. The physical findings support the State’s
allegations in its motion to adjudicate with more than a preponderance of the evidence.
See id.
In light of the foregoing evidence, we conclude that the trial court’s findings of true
were supported by a preponderance of the evidence. Therefore, we overrule Irish’s sole
issue on appeal.
IV. CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
LETICIA HINOJOSA Justice
Do not publish. TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2 (b).
Delivered and filed on the 22nd day of July, 2021.