Christopher Leclaire v. Russell Henry

• Court: Court of Appeals of Washington
• Decided: April 20, 2020
• Docket: 79678-0
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

LINDA LECLAIRE and ) No. 79678-0-I CHRISTOPHER LECLAIRE, husband ) and wife, ) DIVISION ONE ) Appellants, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) v. ) ) RUSSEL ROGER HENRY dba HOME ) FINANCE, a Washington corporation, ) ) Respondent. ) )

HAZELRIGG, J. — Linda and Christopher LeClaire appear pro se, seeking

reversal of an order finding that they had not proven alleged violations of the

Mortgage Broker Practices Act (MBPA)1 and the Consumer Protection Act (CPA)2.

Because substantial evidence supports the majority of the trial court’s findings of

fact and those findings support the court’s conclusions of law, we agree that the

LeClaires did not meet their burden. We affirm.

FACTS

In 2015, Linda and Christopher3 LeClaire (the LeClaires) approached

Russel Roger Henry, seeking financing to purchase a Gig Harbor short sale

1 Chap. 19.146, RCW. 2 Chap. 19.86, RCW. 3 For clarity, the LeClaires will be referred to individually by their first names. We intend

no disrespect

Citation and pinpoint citations are based on the Westlaw online version of the cited material. No. 79678-0-I/2

property. Henry, doing business as Home Finance, was a licensed mortgage

broker. He presented a loan application on the LeClaires’ behalf to Carrington

Mortgage Services (CMS). The LeClaires performed some repairs on the property

before closing the sale because they wanted the lender to fund the loan. However,

they did not complete all repairs necessary for the lender to fund the loan. They

were then given the option of signing an escrow holdback agreement to secure

funding for the loan, but they did not agree to its terms. They did not receive the

loan and rescinded their offer to purchase the house.

The LeClaires filed suit, alleging that Henry had violated the MBPA by

ordering the wrong appraisal, failing to order a required inspection,

misrepresenting the nature of repairs to the property, and failing to make timely

required disclosures. They also alleged violation of the CPA and negligent

infliction of emotional distress.

In February 2019, the parties each represented themselves at a bench trial.

Christopher LeClaire testified to the following facts. On August 20, 2015, the

LeClaires initially viewed the property and were given a list of nearly $70,000 worth

of repairs that needed to be made as “part of the discounting system for the broker

price opinion.” The realtor advised them that “the best route for [them] is a 203(k)

loan to get them repaired.”

Henry presented a loan submission form to Carrington Mortgage on behalf

of the LeClaires. The boxes for two types of loans were checked on the form: a

“FHA 203k Full” loan and a “FHA 203(b) REO Repair Escrow” loan. Christopher

testified that he did not sign an application for an REO 203(b) loan and Henry did

-2- No. 79678-0-I/3

not disclose to him that he was submitting an application for the 203(b) loan at the

same time as the 203(k) loan. Later, Christopher testified that, although he did not

tell Henry that he wanted the 203(b) loan, he agreed to move forward with it

because it was the only way to purchase the property. He clarified that he was not

sure whether the later 203(b) escrow holdback loan was the same loan as the one

indicated on the initial application.

Christopher stated that the appraisal “did not have the correct verbiage” to

support the 203(b) loan. He testified that they received a good faith estimate from

Henry but that it was not legible and that they never received any updates. He

stated that they received the “Truth in Lending Act” disclosure in the “loan package

that [they] signed at escrow.” Christopher testified that the first time he had any

indication that the exposed wood on the deck could be an issue was the day he

“went to escrow to sign.”

On November 10, 2015, five days after they signed at escrow, Christopher

emailed Shawnita Rhodes, an account manager for Carrington Mortgage, asking

the reason for the delay in the loan and seeking clarification of the painting that

needed to be done on the deck. She responded that, in order for the loan to fund,

the entire deck would need to be painted, including stairs, rails, deck boards, and

fascia. Christopher testified that he believed it was not possible to paint the deck

at that time of year because of the weather.

The escrow holdback agreement was presented to Christopher that day.

The terms of the escrow holdback required the LeClaires to submit $5,000 to be

held in escrow, which would be released on performance of certain terms. They

-3- No. 79678-0-I/4

did not accept the escrow holdback loan because they believed that the loan would

have put them over the maximum “cash to close” specified in their original loan

approval. Christopher believed that this would prevent the loan from funding

because it would not pass final underwriting review. He also found the terms of

the escrow holdback to be unacceptable because he believed it required the work

on the deck to be done by a Carrington contractor and he thought it would cost

more than $5,000. Christopher estimated that it would have cost $10,000 to

$15,000 to complete the painting of the deck and the repairs necessary to prepare

the deck for painting.

The loan did not fund. The LeClaires requested the loan file from Henry

immediately after the loan failed because they were interested in trying to purchase

the house again. Christopher testified that Henry refused to give them the file.

They rescinded their offer to purchase the house.

The LeClaires elicited testimony that they later filed a complaint against

Henry with the Department of Financial Institutions (DFI), which regulates

mortgage loan originators and residential lenders in the State of Washington. After

an investigation, examiners from DFI found that Henry had failed to timely provide

loan applicants with full written disclosures containing an itemized explanation of

all fees and costs in five different loan files, including the LeClaires’. Henry and

DFI entered into a consent order to resolve the charges.

Henry testified to the following series of events. The LeClaires had

approached him in August of 2015 and were interested in buying the Gig Harbor

property. He had not seen the property but relied on their experience as a builder

-4- No. 79678-0-I/5

and a realtor when they told him they thought the deck and roof would need to be

replaced before the house would “meet marketable condition.” The LeClaires

estimated that they would need about $35,000 to replace the deck, so they

“submitted the loan as a 203(k) light.” Henry stated that a 203(k) light would allow

them to close the loan without the work being done, so the LeClaires would have

received the loan at closing and then could complete the work at their convenience.

Henry submitted the application for the 203(k) loan and ordered “a 203(k) light

appraisal.” The appraiser required “some end cap[s] and some railings [on the

deck] replaced, CO2 [sic] detectors installed, and a roof inspection,” but did not

require the entire deck to be replaced.

Henry testified that he presented the LeClaires with the option to switch to

a different type of loan because they would not need as much money for the deck

and roof as they had originally estimated. They decided that they could do some

of the work themselves and signed the paperwork to switch to a 203(b). The loan

approval for the 203(b) specified that the “[c]ash to close may not exceed

[$]14,392,” which Henry took to refer to the “minimum down[]payment of 3½% for

FHA.”

Christopher replaced the railings on the deck and authorized Henry to order

the roof inspection. The roof was certified for two years. Henry also testified that

the appraiser had identified a small section of wood on the deck that was not

covered or treated. The underwriter saw the appraisal, noted that all exposed

wood needed to be covered or treated, and required the LeClaires to paint or stain

the exposed wood on the deck. The LeClaires did not complete this work.

-5- No. 79678-0-I/6

Henry testified that he had forgotten to include the good faith estimate and

truth in lending disclosures in the packet that he sent to DFI for the investigation.

He asserted that the LeClaires had signed the truth in lending disclosures and that

he had made all required disclosures to them. He also stated that, whenever he

submits a loan to a wholesale lender, the lender has three days to make required

disclosures to the borrower, which the borrower must acknowledge or else the loan

will not proceed. He testified that the LeClaires must have signed a “revised good

faith and Truth in Lending” in early October after they switched to the 203(b) loan

or else the loan process would not have proceeded.

On cross-examination, Henry acknowledged that the terms of the escrow

holdback agreement required the LeClaires to pay the cost of having the exposed

wood on the deck painted. Although he agreed that the terms seemed to state

that a “Carrington Mortgage Services representative will do it,” he maintained that

the LeClaires could have performed the work themselves. He testified that the

$5,000 would have been put into an escrow account “to make sure you go do the

work and get it done so they can close the loan.”

After the conclusion of the trial, the court entered written findings of fact and

conclusions of law. The court ruled that the LeClaires had not met their burden of

demonstrating that Henry had violated the MBPA or the CPA or that he had

negligently inflicted emotional distress on them.

The LeClaires appealed. Henry did not file a responsive brief to this court.

-6- No. 79678-0-I/7

ANALYSIS

The LeClaires appear pro se, arguing that the trial court erred in determining

that Henry had not violated the MBPA or the CPA. They identify six assignments

of error:

1. The trial court erred when it concluded that the submission of the LeClaires[’] loan application by Henry would be good for two different loan programs. 2. The trial court erred when it determined that a Good Faith Estimate and a Truth in Lending Disclosure were properly delivered to the LeClaires. 3. The trial court erred when it accepted the results of the appraisal that was performed on the subject property. The appraisal that was done did not satisfy the requirements of the FHA 203k loan program. 4. The trial court erred when it determined that the LeClaires were given an opportunity to remediate the issue of exposed wood on the deck in order to fund their mortgage loan. 5. The trial court erred when it determined that the LeClaires would receive a full refund of the $5000 placed into an escrow account in order to secure the funding for their mortgage loan. 6. The trial court erred when it allowed inaccurate and false statements of testimony to be given by Henry in contrast to the FHA Guidelines that were in effect at the time of the LeClaires[’] loan processing.

We interpret the first five assignments of error as challenges to the trial court’s

findings of fact. The sixth assignment of error appears to be an evidentiary issue.

We review challenged factual findings for substantial evidence. Sunnyside

Valley Irr. Dist. v. Dickie, 149 Wn.2d 873, 879, 73 P.3d 369 (2003). Substantial

evidence is that which is “sufficient to persuade a rational fair-minded person the

premise is true.” Id. “Even if there are several reasonable interpretations of the

evidence, it is substantial if it reasonably supports the finding.” Rogers Potato

Serv., LLC v. Countrywide Potato, LLC, 152 Wn.2d 387, 391, 97 P.3d 745 (2004).

We cannot review a fact-finder’s credibility determination. Morse v. Antonellis, 149

-7- No. 79678-0-I/8

Wn.2d 572, 574, 70 P.3d 125 (2003). Unchallenged findings of fact are accepted

as true on appeal. Cowiche Canyon Conservancy v. Bosley, 118 Wn.2d 801, 808,

828 P.2d 549 (1992). After determining whether substantial evidence supports the

factual findings, we consider de novo whether the supported findings are sufficient

to support the trial court’s decision. Bartlett v. Betlach, 136 Wn. App. 8, 18, 146

P.3d 1235 (2006).

I. Challenged Findings of Fact

The first assignment of error appears to challenge finding of fact 5, which

states: “Defendant submitted a loan application to Carrington Mortgage Services

on behalf of Plaintiffs, seeking a ‘FHA 203k Full’ loan and a ‘FHA 203(b) REO

Repair Escrow’ loan. Plaintiff’s Ex. 5.” The parties agreed that Henry submitted a

loan submission to Carrington Mortgage Services on the LeClaires’ behalf. The

boxes indicating the two different types of loans were checked on the submission.

Substantial evidence supports this finding.

The second assignment of error challenges the court’s finding that the

LeClaires received required disclosures from Henry. The full finding stated:

7. Though Department of Financial Institutions Program Manager and Enforcement Chief Steve Sherman testified that he found that Defendant had failed to provide Plaintiffs with a good-faith estimate and a Truth in Lending Act document, Christopher LeClaire testified that: (1) Plaintiffs did receive a good-faith estimate from Defendant, though it was difficult to read; and (2) Plaintiffs did receive a Truth in Lending Act document from Defendant.

This testimony is reflected in the trial record. We cannot review any credibility

determination or weighing of this evidence performed by the trial court. Substantial

evidence supports this finding.

-8- No. 79678-0-I/9

Third, the LeClaires contend that the court erred in accepting the results of

the appraisal because it did not satisfy the requirements of the FHA 203k loan

program. The court addressed the results of the appraisal in finding of fact 10: “An

appraiser concluded that, rather than replacing the entire deck on the Property, the

following items needed to be addressed: ‘The 3rd Floor deck end railings being

installed, Carbon monoxide sensors being installed and the composition roof

inspected for life expectancy.’ Plaintiff’s Ex. 10.” Henry testified to the results of

the appraisal, and the exhibit showing the appraiser’s conclusions was admitted

into evidence. Substantial evidence supports this finding.

The fourth assignment of error challenges finding of fact 16, which finds that

“Plaintiffs were given an opportunity to seek the necessary repairs to the exposed

wood at the Property in order for the lender to fund the loan.” The LeClaires

discovered that the exposed wood needed to be covered at escrow, at the latest.

The lender appeared to indicate that it would fund the loan if the LeClaires

accomplished the repairs. Although the LeClaires did not approve of the terms of

the escrow holdback agreement and did not accept it, substantial evidence

supports the finding that they had an opportunity to seek the necessary repairs to

obtain the loan.

The LeClaires’ fifth assignment of error appears to challenge a portion of

finding of fact 18, which states: “Plaintiffs were also given the option of signing an

‘Escrow Holdback Agreement’ in order to secure funding for the loan, Plaintiff’s Ex.

17, which would have required Plaintiffs to deposit $5,000 in an escrow account,

-9- No. 79678-0-I/10

which would be returned to them upon proof of completion of the necessary

repairs.”

The proposed agreement states that the escrow company would hold

$5,000 in escrow “for completion of the Work and payment of inspection fees.”

The funds would be released after the deck was painted and inspected. The

document states that “[t]he Work shall be completed and inspected by CMS or its

agents no later than ____ (the ‘Completion Date’).” A completion date was not

specified in the unsigned agreement. Regardless of whether this term required

that CMS or its agents perform the work, the proposed agreement specified that

“[t]he costs for inspections performed pursuant to this Agreement shall be paid

from the Escrow Fund.” Also, CMS would have had the discretion to “apply the

balance of the Escrow Funds, or any portion thereof, to the principal of the

Mortgage Loan,” even without the LeClaires’ agreement.

Although there was conflicting evidence on this point and we cannot review

the trial court’s decision to credit Henry’s testimony, the language of the proposed

agreement cannot be reasonably interpreted as guaranteeing that the $5,000 in

escrow funds would have been returned to the LeClaires after the deck was

painted. Substantial evidence does not support the challenged portion of this

finding of fact.

II. Conclusions of Law

Having determined that substantial evidence supports all but one of the

challenged findings of fact, we turn to the question of whether these findings

substantiate the trial court’s conclusions of law.

- 10 - No. 79678-0-I/11

A. Mortgage Broker Practices Act

The court first determined that the LeClaires had not demonstrated that

Henry had violated the MBPA. A mortgage broker violates the MBPA when they:

(1) Directly or indirectly employ any scheme, device, or artifice to defraud or mislead borrowers or lenders or to defraud any person; (2) Directly or indirectly engage in any unfair or deceptive practice toward any person; ... (6) Fail to make disclosures to loan applicants and noninstitutional investors as required by RCW 19.146.030 and any other applicable state or federal law; (7) Make, in any manner, any false or deceptive statement or representation with regard to the rates, points, or other financing terms or conditions for a residential mortgage loan or engage in bait and switch advertising[.]

RCW 19.146.0201. The MBPA specifies the disclosure requirements:

Within three business days following receipt of a loan application from a borrower, a mortgage broker or loan originator must provide to the borrower a full written disclosure containing an itemization and explanation of all fees and costs that the borrower is required to pay in connection with obtaining a residential mortgage loan, and specifying the fee or fees which inure to the benefit of the mortgage broker and other such disclosures as may be required by rule. A good faith estimate of a fee or cost must be provided if the exact amount of the fee or cost is not determinable.

RCW 19.146.030(1).

The trial court did not find that Henry had defrauded or misled borrowers,

engaged in unfair or deceptive practices, or made any false or deceptive statement

regarding the terms and conditions of a loan. We construe the absence of a finding

of fact against the party with the burden of proof. Barker v. Advanced Silicon

Materials, LLC, (ASIMI), 131 Wn. App. 616, 627, 128 P.3d 633 (2006). The

absence of these findings supports the conclusion that the LeClaires failed to prove

that Henry violated subsection (1), (2), or (7) of RCW 19.146.0201.

- 11 - No. 79678-0-I/12

The record contained conflicting testimony regarding the disclosures, which

the court recognized in its findings. The court did not explicitly find that the

LeClaires received all disclosures timely, but neither did it find that Henry failed to

provide the required disclosures. The absence of these findings supports the

conclusion that the LeClaires did not demonstrate that Henry violated the

disclosure requirements of the MCBA. Also, implicit in the court’s factual finding is

a credibility determination, which we cannot review.

On the record before us, the factual findings supported the conclusion that

the LeClaires had not proven Henry’s alleged violations of the MBPA.

B. Consumer Protection Act

The court also concluded that the LeClaires had not met their burden of

demonstrating that Henry violated the CPA.

The CPA prohibits unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive

acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce. RCW 19.86.020. A

plaintiff must show five elements to establish a violation of the CPA: (1) an unfair

or deceptive act or practice, (2) occurring in trade or commerce, (3) that impacts

the public interest, (4) that causes injury to the party in the party's business or

property, and (5) that the injury is causally linked to the unfair or deceptive act.

Hangman Ridge Training Stables, Inc. v. Safeco Title Ins. Co., 105 Wn.2d 778,

784–85, 719 P.2d 531 (1986).

As stated above, the trial court did not find that Henry had engaged in any

unfair or deceptive act or practice. The absence of any such finding supports the

conclusion that the LeClaires did not meet their burden of proof to show a violation

- 12 - No. 79678-0-I/13

of the CPA. On the record before us, the findings of fact supported the conclusion

that the LeClaires had not demonstrated that Henry violated the CPA.

III. Admission of Evidence

The LeClaires contend that the court erred in admitting Henry’s testimony

that they could have switched their loan application from the 203b loan back to the

203k loan.

We may refuse to review any claim of error that was not raised before the

trial court. RAP 2.5(a). “It is well settled that objections to evidence cannot be

raised for the first time on appeal.” Sepich v. Dep’t of Labor & Indus., 75 Wn.2d

312, 319, 450 P.2d 940 (1969). Henry stated three times during cross-examination

that the LeClaires could have switched the loan back to a 203(k) from the 203(b).

The LeClaires did not object to this testimony or question Henry about the accuracy

of this statement. Because they did not raise any objection to this evidence before

the trial court, they cannot raise it for the first time on appeal.

IV. Consideration of Additional Evidence on Appeal

The LeClaires designated four “supplemental exhibits” as part of the clerk’s

papers before this court, then filed the documents with the superior court on July

8, 2019. Generally, the record on review may consist of a report of any oral

proceeding, papers filed with the clerk of the trial court, exhibits, and/or a certified

record of administrative adjudicative proceedings. RAP 9.1. The Rules of

Appellate Procedure provide a limited remedy under which we may direct that

additional evidence may be taken if all of the following criteria are met:

- 13 - No. 79678-0-I/14

(1) additional proof of facts is needed to fairly resolve the issues on review, (2) the additional evidence would probably change the decision being reviewed, (3) it is equitable to excuse a party’s failure to present the evidence to the trial court, (4) the remedy available to a party through postjudgment motions in the trial court is inadequate or unnecessarily expensive, (5) the appellate court remedy of granting a new trial is inadequate or unnecessarily expensive, and (6) it would be inequitable to decide the case solely on the evidence already taken in the trial court.

RAP 9.11(a); Harbison v. Garden Valley Outfitters, Inc., 69 Wn. App. 590, 593–94,

849 P.2d 669 (1993).

In this case, we do not find that it is equitable to excuse the LeClaires’ failure

to present this evidence to the trial court. The evidence sought to be introduced

was available to the LeClaires at the time of trial, and they do not give any reason

to excuse their failure to present it. See Harbison, 69 Wn. App. at 594. We decline

to consider this evidence on review.

Affirmed.

WE CONCUR:

- 14 -