Christine Falls Corporation v. U.S. Bank National Association
Opinion
12‐0768‐cv Christine Falls Corporation et al v. U.S. Bank National Association et al
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
Rulings by summary order do not have precedential effect. Citation to a summary order filed on or after January 1, 2007, is permitted and is governed by Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32.1 and this court’s Local Rule 32.1.1. When citing a summary order in a document filed with this court, a party must cite either the Federal Appendix or an electronic database (with the notation “summary order”). A party citing a summary order must serve a copy of it on any party not represented by counsel.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held 2 at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New 3 York, on the 19th day of September, two thousand thirteen. 4 5 PRESENT: 6 7 JOHN M. WALKER, 8 DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, 9 DENNY CHIN, 10 11 Circuit Judges. 12 _______________________________________________ 13 14 CHRISTINE FALLS CORPORATION, TRAFALGAR POWER, INC. 15 16 Petitioners‐Appellants,
17 ‐v.‐ No. 12‐0768‐cv 18 19 U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, FKA STATE STREET BANK & TRUST COMPANY OF 20 CONNECTICUT,
21 Respondents‐Appellees. 22 ALGONQUIN POWER CORPORATION, INCORPORATED, ALGONQUIN POWER INCOME FUND,
1 ALGONQUIN POWER FUND CANADA, INC., 2 Third Party Defendants 3 STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST COMPANY OF CONNECTICUT, N.A.,
4 Defendant 5 _______________________________________________
6 DAVID M. CAPRIOTTI , 7 Harris Beach PLLC, Pittsford, NY, for Petitioners‐ 8 Appellants.
9 JILL M. O’TOOLE (Kathleen M. LaManna, Sheila A. 10 Huddleston, on the brief), Shipman & Goodwin LLP, 11 Hartford, CT, for Respondent‐Appellee. 12 13 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, it is hereby ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and
14 DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED. 15 Petitioners‐Appellants Christine Falls Corporation and Trafalgar Power 16 (“Trafalgar”) appeal from an Amended Judgment entered on May 15, 2012, which 17 incorporated a February 21, 2012 decision and order of the United States District 18 Court for the Northern District of New York (Hurd, J.) granting summary judgment 19 in favor of U.S. Bank National Association, FKA State Street Bank & Trust (“Bank”), 20 on Trafalgar’s breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, and accounting claims; 21 a September 17, 2009 summary order affirming the Magistrate Judge’s order striking 22 Trafalgar’s jury trial demand; and a February 10, 2009 order dismissing Trafalgar’s 23 tort claims.
1 The facts of this case are well known. The underlying events have been the 2 subject of several consolidated actions, litigation has spanned more than a decade, 3 and this is one of several appeals we have heard. We assume the parties’ familiarity 4 with the background of this case and the issues on appeal. 5 * * * 6 We review the district court’s dismissal of claims on a motion to dismiss de 7 novo, “accepting all factual allegations in the complaint as true, and drawing all 8 reasonable inferences in the plaintiff’s favor.” City of Pontiac Gen. Emps.’ Ret. Sys. v. 9 MBIA, Inc., 637 F.3d 169, 173 (2d Cir. 2011) (internal citations omitted). This Court 10 reviews the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo and will affirm 11 where there are no genuine issues of material facts to be tried and where the facts 12 warrant entry of summary judgment in the moving party’s favor as a matter of law. 13 Velez v. Sanchez, 693 F.3d 308, 313‐14 (2d Cir. 2012). 14 1. Fiduciary Duty Claim 15 The district court granted the Bank summary judgment on Trafalgar’s breach 16 of fiduciary duty claim because the undisputed facts demonstrate that the Bank did 17 not owe Trafalgar a fiduciary duty. We conclude that this determination was correct 18 and that in the absence of a fiduciary relationship between Trafalgar and the Bank,
1 the district court correctly granted summary judgment as to this claim. See Biller 2 Assocs. v. Peterken, 849 A.2d 847, 851 (Conn. 2004). 3 Trafalgar recognizes that the Amended and Restated Collateral Trust 4 Indenture (“Indenture”) does not provide that the Bank owes Trafalgar fiduciary 5 duties. But as we have said before, “[u]nlike the ordinary trustee, who has historic 6 common‐law duties imposed beyond those in the trust agreement, an indenture 7 trustee[’s]...duties and obligations are exclusively defined by the terms of the 8 indenture agreement.” Meckel v. Cont’l Res. Co., 758 F.2d 811, 816 (2d Cir. 1985). In 9 this case, moreover, the Indenture itself expressly prohibits implied duties in 10 § 9.1(a)(i). See Indenture § 9.1(a)(i) (“[T]he Security Trustee undertakes to perform, 11 and shall perform, such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in 12 this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this 13 Indenture against the Security Trustee.”). Section 9.1(e) makes this provision 14 applicable to the entire Indenture. 15 Furthermore, even if we assume arguendo that implying fiduciary duties as to 16 the Bank is permissible pursuant to Connecticut law, the relationship of these 17 parties, based on undisputed record facts, does not give rise to fiduciary obligations. 18 Fiduciary duties are implied under Connecticut law when there is a “unique degree
1 of trust and confidence between the parties such that the defendants undertook to 2 act primarily for the benefit of the plaintiff.” Hi‐Ho Tower, Inc. v. Com‐Tronics, Inc., 3 761 A.2d 1268, 1279‐80 (Conn. 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted).1 A business 4 relationship is not sufficient to “implicate the duty of a fiduciary.” Id. at 1278. Only 5 where one party is in “a relationship of dependency, or was under a specific duty 6 to act for the benefit” of the other party, does a fiduciary relationship exist. Id. 7 Where “the parties were either dealing at arm’s length, thereby lacking a 8 relationship of dominance and dependence, or the parties were not engaged in a 9 relationship of special trust and confidence,” a fiduciary duty does not exist. Id. at 10 1279. 11 The undisputed facts in this case show that the Bank and Trafalgar entered 12 into a business transaction in which the Bank would serve as security trustee. Its 13 obligations were negotiated with Trafalgar and the noteholders. There was no 14 unique degree of trust between the Bank and Trafalgar pursuant to which the Bank 15 would work primarily for Trafalgar’s benefit. Indeed, after an event of default, the 16 Indenture provides that the Bank is to act exclusively for the benefit of the 17 noteholders. Trafalgar’s contention that it was owed fiduciary duties thus fails as
1
The parties agree that Connecticut law applies to the interpretation of the Indenture.
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