Mr. Justice Cartwright
delivered the opinion of the court:
In the petition filed by the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company, one of the appellees, in the superior court of Cook county, to ascertain the compensation to be paid for property to be taken for a passenger station, Phoebe F. Clark, the other appellee, was named as owner of the fee of a certain lot, and numerous persons, including Averill H. Miller and Ernest F. Scheldein, were stated to be in possession of the building located on the lot and having or claiming interests therein, as tenants or otherwise. An order was entered requiring any defendants whose interests were adverse to present their claims for adjudication by a day fixed in the order. On April 20, 1907, Mrs. Clark filed her cross-petition, alleging that Miller claimed a right to possession under a lease expiring April 30, 19-11, and Scheldein claimed under a lease expiring April 30, 1909, which leases were executed by certain persons without authority in writing from her, and that they had not been ratified in writing and were therefore void. Miller and Scheldein answered, claiming to be tenants under the leases, and upon a hearing the court held the leases to be void and that Miller and Scheldein were not entitled to ,any compensation. From that order Miller and Scheldein appealed to this court. The condemnation suit proceeded, but Miller and Scheldein say that they did not participate in the proceedings after their appeal. The record 'recites the appearance at the trial of all the parties interested in the property named in the petition, but as the court had held that Miller and Scheldein had no right, title or interest therein, the recital cannot be interpreted as including them. There was a verdict awarding to the owner or owners of the lot $55,000, and judgment was entered on the verdict on December 24, 1907, ordering payment of the compensation to the county treasurer of Cook county for the benefit of the owner or owners of the property. Payment was made in accordance with that order. The record of the appeal showed that there had been such part performance of the leases as would take them out of the Statute of Frauds, and as equitable rights in real estate are property equally with legal rights and have equal protection under the statute and laws, we held that the court erred in holding the leases void and denying to Miller and Scheldein a right to their pecuniary value, if they had any. The order was reversed and the cause was remanded'to the superior court for further proceedings in accordance with the views expressed in the opinion filed. (Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co. v. Miller, 233 Ill. 508.) On May 25, 1908, the proceeding on the cross-petition of Mrs. Clark and the answer of Miller and Scheldein was ré-docketed in the superior court, and the court ordered the payment of $22,700 out of the money held by the county treasurer to the holder of a mortgage on the property, and recited in the order that Mrs. Clark was entitled to the remainder of the compensation, subject to the rights and claims of Miller and Scheldein. Mrs. Clark asked for ah order for the payment of the balance of the money to her and the court ordered the payment of $25,300, but on the motion of Miller and Scheldein ordered the county treasurer to retain the balance of $7000, without prejudice to the rights of Miller and Scheldein against the petitioner and Mrs. Clark, or either of them. On November 9, 1910, Miller and Scheldein moved the court to call a jury and proceed with the trial against the petitioner for the purpose of assessing and awarding to them their compensation and damages on account of the taking of the property, but the court denied the motion. Mrs. Clark moved the court for leave to dismiss her cross-petition and file a new petition instanter, and that Miller and Scheldein be ruled to each file his petition within five days, setting forth what interests they claimed, and in default thereof be barred from any right or claim to compensation or damages. The court allowed the motion of Mrs. Clark and ordered that a hearing should first be had upon the petitions so ordered to be filed, to determine whether Miller and Scheldein had any legal or equitable rights under their leases, and if it should be found that they had any such rights, a jury should be called for the purpose of assessing and awarding their damages against the fund in the hands of the county treasurer. Mrs. Clark filed her petition in accordance with her motion and the order of the court, praying for payment to her of the balance of the fund. Miller and Scheldein excepted to the order and refused to file new petitions. Thereupon the court entered default against them and ordered that they be forever barred and foreclosed from any right or claim to or participation in the distribution of the sum remaining‘with the county treasurer and ordered payment of said sum forthwith to Mrs. Clark. Miller and Scheldein excepted and again appealed to this court.
In the proceeding to condemn the lot it was not some particular interest that the petitioner sought to take, but the lot itself and all interests therein. (Stubbings v. Village of Evanston, 136 Ill. 37.) To accomplish that purpose it was the duty of the petitioner to bring into the court as defendants all persons having any right, title or interest in the property, but it was not bound to' decide upon the validity of the titles of contending claimants. (Thomas v. St. Louis, Belleville and Southern Railway Co. 164 Ill. 634.) If one having an interest in property is not made a defendant the petitioner will not acquire that interest, but when the petitioner has named all parties having interests, one defendant cannot, by disputing the title of another or raising a controversy as to their respective interests, eliminate another defendant from the proceeding. The statute and the oath of the jury contemplate assessments of damages for separate interests where that can be done, and where awards are so made it is the duty of the jury to first fix the value of the entire property as between the petitioner and all the defendants, and then to divide the same according to the respective interests of the defendants. (Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co. v. Reisch & Bros. 247 Ill. 350.) There are instances, however, where it is impossible for the jury to determine the amount of compensation for a particular interest because of an unsettled controversy between the defendants, and the General Assembly could not have contemplated separate awards where they could not be made. Provision is made for the payment of compensation to the county treasurer, and in case of unsettled disputes the parties may still be heard on their claims against the fund. The question of title is preliminary to an assessment of damages, and on a proper issue the court may determine disputes between the defendants. (Chicago and Milwaukee Electric Railroad Co. v. Diver, 213 Ill. 26; Sanitary District v. Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway Co. 216 id. 575.) It may be impossible, as it was in this case, to have a final adjudication before the trial, and it would be against public policy and the spirit and intent of the Eminent Domain act to hold that a petitioner must delay condemnation because of a dispute between defendants as to what share each should have of the total award. If a controversy had been pending between Mrs. Clark and Miller and Scheldein when the petition to condemn was filed, the conflicting claimants would all have been necessary parties and the award would have been disposed of afterward according to the final determination of that controversy. That was the situation in Eddleman v. Union County Traction and Power Co. 217 Ill.
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Mr. Justice Cartwright
delivered the opinion of the court:
In the petition filed by the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company, one of the appellees, in the superior court of Cook county, to ascertain the compensation to be paid for property to be taken for a passenger station, Phoebe F. Clark, the other appellee, was named as owner of the fee of a certain lot, and numerous persons, including Averill H. Miller and Ernest F. Scheldein, were stated to be in possession of the building located on the lot and having or claiming interests therein, as tenants or otherwise. An order was entered requiring any defendants whose interests were adverse to present their claims for adjudication by a day fixed in the order. On April 20, 1907, Mrs. Clark filed her cross-petition, alleging that Miller claimed a right to possession under a lease expiring April 30, 19-11, and Scheldein claimed under a lease expiring April 30, 1909, which leases were executed by certain persons without authority in writing from her, and that they had not been ratified in writing and were therefore void. Miller and Scheldein answered, claiming to be tenants under the leases, and upon a hearing the court held the leases to be void and that Miller and Scheldein were not entitled to ,any compensation. From that order Miller and Scheldein appealed to this court. The condemnation suit proceeded, but Miller and Scheldein say that they did not participate in the proceedings after their appeal. The record 'recites the appearance at the trial of all the parties interested in the property named in the petition, but as the court had held that Miller and Scheldein had no right, title or interest therein, the recital cannot be interpreted as including them. There was a verdict awarding to the owner or owners of the lot $55,000, and judgment was entered on the verdict on December 24, 1907, ordering payment of the compensation to the county treasurer of Cook county for the benefit of the owner or owners of the property. Payment was made in accordance with that order. The record of the appeal showed that there had been such part performance of the leases as would take them out of the Statute of Frauds, and as equitable rights in real estate are property equally with legal rights and have equal protection under the statute and laws, we held that the court erred in holding the leases void and denying to Miller and Scheldein a right to their pecuniary value, if they had any. The order was reversed and the cause was remanded'to the superior court for further proceedings in accordance with the views expressed in the opinion filed. (Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co. v. Miller, 233 Ill. 508.) On May 25, 1908, the proceeding on the cross-petition of Mrs. Clark and the answer of Miller and Scheldein was ré-docketed in the superior court, and the court ordered the payment of $22,700 out of the money held by the county treasurer to the holder of a mortgage on the property, and recited in the order that Mrs. Clark was entitled to the remainder of the compensation, subject to the rights and claims of Miller and Scheldein. Mrs. Clark asked for ah order for the payment of the balance of the money to her and the court ordered the payment of $25,300, but on the motion of Miller and Scheldein ordered the county treasurer to retain the balance of $7000, without prejudice to the rights of Miller and Scheldein against the petitioner and Mrs. Clark, or either of them. On November 9, 1910, Miller and Scheldein moved the court to call a jury and proceed with the trial against the petitioner for the purpose of assessing and awarding to them their compensation and damages on account of the taking of the property, but the court denied the motion. Mrs. Clark moved the court for leave to dismiss her cross-petition and file a new petition instanter, and that Miller and Scheldein be ruled to each file his petition within five days, setting forth what interests they claimed, and in default thereof be barred from any right or claim to compensation or damages. The court allowed the motion of Mrs. Clark and ordered that a hearing should first be had upon the petitions so ordered to be filed, to determine whether Miller and Scheldein had any legal or equitable rights under their leases, and if it should be found that they had any such rights, a jury should be called for the purpose of assessing and awarding their damages against the fund in the hands of the county treasurer. Mrs. Clark filed her petition in accordance with her motion and the order of the court, praying for payment to her of the balance of the fund. Miller and Scheldein excepted to the order and refused to file new petitions. Thereupon the court entered default against them and ordered that they be forever barred and foreclosed from any right or claim to or participation in the distribution of the sum remaining‘with the county treasurer and ordered payment of said sum forthwith to Mrs. Clark. Miller and Scheldein excepted and again appealed to this court.
In the proceeding to condemn the lot it was not some particular interest that the petitioner sought to take, but the lot itself and all interests therein. (Stubbings v. Village of Evanston, 136 Ill. 37.) To accomplish that purpose it was the duty of the petitioner to bring into the court as defendants all persons having any right, title or interest in the property, but it was not bound to' decide upon the validity of the titles of contending claimants. (Thomas v. St. Louis, Belleville and Southern Railway Co. 164 Ill. 634.) If one having an interest in property is not made a defendant the petitioner will not acquire that interest, but when the petitioner has named all parties having interests, one defendant cannot, by disputing the title of another or raising a controversy as to their respective interests, eliminate another defendant from the proceeding. The statute and the oath of the jury contemplate assessments of damages for separate interests where that can be done, and where awards are so made it is the duty of the jury to first fix the value of the entire property as between the petitioner and all the defendants, and then to divide the same according to the respective interests of the defendants. (Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Co. v. Reisch & Bros. 247 Ill. 350.) There are instances, however, where it is impossible for the jury to determine the amount of compensation for a particular interest because of an unsettled controversy between the defendants, and the General Assembly could not have contemplated separate awards where they could not be made. Provision is made for the payment of compensation to the county treasurer, and in case of unsettled disputes the parties may still be heard on their claims against the fund. The question of title is preliminary to an assessment of damages, and on a proper issue the court may determine disputes between the defendants. (Chicago and Milwaukee Electric Railroad Co. v. Diver, 213 Ill. 26; Sanitary District v. Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway Co. 216 id. 575.) It may be impossible, as it was in this case, to have a final adjudication before the trial, and it would be against public policy and the spirit and intent of the Eminent Domain act to hold that a petitioner must delay condemnation because of a dispute between defendants as to what share each should have of the total award. If a controversy had been pending between Mrs. Clark and Miller and Scheldein when the petition to condemn was filed, the conflicting claimants would all have been necessary parties and the award would have been disposed of afterward according to the final determination of that controversy. That was the situation in Eddleman v. Union County Traction and Power Co. 217 Ill. 409, where the title to property condemned was in litigation in a pending chancery suit. It was, of course, impossible to have binding, separate awards by the jury to contending claimants, and it was held to be the proper practice to order the compensation paid to the county treasurer to abide the result of the chancery suit. In Colehour v. State Savings Institution, 90 Ill. 152, there was a foreclosure suit and also a condemnation proceeding, and the mortgage was held to be transferred to the fund awarded as compensation. In Metropolitan Elevated Railway Co, v. Eschner, 232 Ill. 210, some of the defendants claimed compensation for tax titles, and the question not having been settled preliminary to the trial it was decided that the court could protect the parties by ordering payment to the county treasurer, and it would be the duty of the court to decide upon their rights in ordering payment of the compensation to them. The petitioner brought into court all the parties having an interest in the lot, as it was bound to do in order to acquire their 'interests, and none of them ever ceased to be defendants to the petition. Miller and Scheldein were never dismissed out of the suit and had a right to appear and offer testimony at the trial as to the value of the property, including their interests, or to show the extent and value of their interests as a part of the whole. If there was any damage to them which would not have been included in the award of the total value of the property if they had not been defendants, the court could, and doubtless would, have protected their rights and interests in some appropriate manner. Their failure to participate in the trial and offer evidence was not the fault of the petitioner, and the award was for the total value of the lot and of all interests therein. The petitioner had not the slightest interest in the controversy between them and Mrs. Clark and was not concerned in the appeal. That was decided in a similar appeal in the same condemnation suit, where it was held that the appeal did not involve the condemnation of the property or the rights of the petitioner; that the petitioner’s case ceased upon payment of the compensation allowed by the jury for the property, and that it was not a party to the appeal. (Chicago and Northwestern Railway Co. v. Garrett, 239 Ill. 297.) The railway company contends that, as petitioner, it paid the entire compensation for the lot and all interests therein, and that the claims of defendants, as between themselves, are against the fund and that the controversy between Mrs. Clark and Miller and Scheldein does not concern it. Counsel for Mrs. Clark agree with the railway company in that position, and contend with much energy and elaboration of argument that if Miller and Scheldein are entitled to any compensation it is to be taken out of the money that would otherwise come to their client. It will be seen from what has been said that their view on that question is correct.
The matter in issue under the cross-petition and answers thereto was remanded to the superior court for further proceedings in accordance with the views expressed in the opinion filed. In that opinion it was held that the leases of Miller and Scheldein were valid in equity, and that the court erred in holding them to be void and denying to the lessees the right to prove damages to them by taking the property. No subsequent proceedings would be in accordance with those views except a finding that the leases were valid in equity and a trial of the question of damages. The court therefore erred in holding that another hearing must first be had upon a new issue to be made whether Miller and Scheldein, or either of them, had any legal or equitable rights under their leases. Neither had the court any power to order new petitions filed. It was the privilege of Mrs. Clark to dismiss her cross-petition if she saw fit to do so and not contest the claim of Miller and Scheldein, but she could not get rid of that claim by such proceedings and there was no occasion for ordering new pleadings. There was no new issue nor any change in the issue, and no plausible reason for allowing Mrs. Clark to withdraw her petition and instanter file another claiming the funds. All that the superior court was authorized to do was to determine the amount of compensation and damages, if any, to which Miller and Scheldein were entitled.
The railway company contends that Miller and Scheldein, by their objection to the payment of the balance of the fund to Mrs. Clark, asserted their right to a share of it and elected to resort to the fund, while counsel for 'Mrs. Clark insist that by their refusal to file new petitions against the fund they have elected not to assert any right against it, and that the court properly ordered the balance to be paid to their client for that reason. They did object to the payment to Mrs. Clark of the balance of the fund, and their rights against it were preserved by the order that the county treasurer retain it until the further order of the court. They also asked for a trial against the railway company, to which they were not entitled, and refused to file new petitions against the fund, which we hold they were not required to do. The substantial, meritorious claim made by them is that they have a right to compensation, and we do not see how their refusal to obey an unauthorized order could work a forfeiture of that right.
Mrs. Clark, one of the appellees, has assigned as a cross-error that the court, in the order appealed from, directed that a jury be called for the purpose of assessing and awarding to Miller and Scheldein their damages, if any were proved, and her counsel say that a jury trial was not a matter of right. Such a trial is a matter of right,in a case of this kind.
The order of the superior court is reversed and the cause is remanded to that court, with directions to try the question of the amount of compensation and damages to be awarded to Miller and Scheldein for their leasehold interests, and if they are found to be entitled to any sum, to order payment of the same out of the fund in the hands of the county treasurer.
Reversed and remanded, with directions.