Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court.
We do not deem it necessary to consider the question whether any member of the engine crew was or was not guilty of negligence.
The engine crew and the laborers were employed by the same master. The common end or purpose of the work which all were employed to perform was the surfacing and ballasting with cinders the railroad track of the employer. To accomplish this end and purpose there were required the united efforts and labor of both the train crew and the laborers; the labor and efforts of the trajn crew to bring and put in their proper places the cars loaded with cinders, to move such cars when necessary, to take away empty cars, to haul the laborers to and from their camp; and the labor and efforts of the laborers to unload the cinders from the cars and spread them upon the roadbed.
In Abend v. T. H. & I. R. R. Co., 111 Ill. 202-211, it was said: “It is an error to suppose that a force of men cannot be engaged in a common service unless all are continually working at the same time and engaged in doing precisely the same kind of work. It is sufficient if all are actually employed by the same master, and that the work of each, whatever it may be, has for its immediate object a common end or purpose, sought to be accomplished by the united efforts of all.”
We think that plaintiff’s intestate and the other laborers were fellow-servants with the engineer and other members of the train crew, and for an injury sustained by one of them through the negligence of another the common master is not responsible. This conclusion is in accord with the decisions in the following cases upon similar facts: C. & A. R. R. Co. v. Keefe, 47 Ill. 108; C. & A. R. R. Co. v. Murphy, 53 ib. 336; St. L. & S. E. R. R. Co. v. Britz, 72 ib. 256; T. W. & W. R. R. Co. v. Durkin, 76 ib. 395; Miller v. O. &. M. R. R. Co., 24 Ill. App. 326.
The question remains whether the judgment can be sustained upon the ground that the foreman, Francis, was guilty of negligence which directly caused or contributed to the death of plaintiff’s intestate.
It is not claimed that Francis and Bockhold were fellow-servants, but the contention of appellant is that the negligence of Francis is neither averred in the declaration nor shown by the evidence.
The second count of the declaration sufficiently sets out the facts above stated; avers that the engine and cars attached thereto were under the control and management of divers servants of the defendant who were not fellow-servants with Bockhold; that while Bockhold was unloading a car of cinders in the éxercise of due care, etc., the defendant l£by its said servants, so carelessly and improperly drove and managed the said locomotive engine and train of cars that by and through the negligence and improper conduct of the defendant by its said servants in that behalf, the said locomotive engine and train then and there ran and struck with great force and violence upon and against said car upon which said William H. Bockhold was then and there standing and working as aforesaid; that in so doing, and before said locomotive engine and train ran and struck with great force and violence against the said car upon which the said William H. Bockhold was then and there working as aforesaid, no bell or whistle was sounded, and no warning of any kind was given to said William H. Bockhold that said locomotive engine and train were about to strike the car upon which said William II. Bockhold was then and there working as aforesaid; by means and consequence of which default and negligence of the defendant as- aforesaid, and by means of the careless and improper driving and managing of said locomotive engine and train of cars the said William H. Bockhold was then and there thrown with great force and violence from and off said car,” etc.
The contention that this count only charges negligence in respect to the control and management of the engine cannot, we think, be sustained. The count also alleges, as a substantive act of negligence of the defendant, the failure of the defendant to give to Rockhold any warning that the engine or a car attached thereto was about to strike the car upon which Rockhold was then working, and that thropgh the act of negligence so charged Rockhold received the injuries which caused his death. To maintain this charge of negligence, upon the ground of the negligence of Francis to give such warning, the plaintiff was bound to prove facts from which the jury might properly find that it was the duty of Francis to give such warning, as well as his failure to give warning, but it was not necessary to aver ■such facts or the existence of the duty, but it was sufficient to aver the ultimate fact that the defendant was guilty of negligence in failing to give such warning to Rockhold.
Francis testified that at the time of the accident he was standing by the side of the track about two car lengths from the south end of the train of cars on which the laborers were at work; that'as the train to which the engine was attached approached to make the coupling, he saw the brakeman on the front car give the “slow” or “easy” signal to the engineer, and that he “then turned and hollered to the men to. look out.” The engineer testified that when the cars came together there was not anjr more jolt than an ordinary coupling would haxTe made.
The question whether Francis xvas guilty of negligence was a question of fact for the jury. In determining that question it was for the jury to say what was the duty of Francis under the facts and circumstances shown by the evidence, as well as to find what he did or failed to do.
Whether there was evidence to warrant and support a finding by the jury that it was, under the circumstances shown by the evidence, the duty of Francis to give warning to the men who were at work on the standing cars, is a question, of law. But if there was evidence to warrant and support a finding by the jury that it was the duty of Francis to give such warning, then the question whether it was or was not the duty of Francis to give such warning is a question of fact. The engineer testified that when the cars came together there was not any more jolt than an ordinary coupling would have made. Eight or ten men were shovelling cinders from the same car with Bockhold, and other men were working on other cars, and by the concussion caused by the impact all the men were thrown down. When the cars came together Francis was standing by the side of the track, two car lengths from the south end of the train of standing cars. He saw the train approaching and knew that a coupling was about to be made between a car of that train and a car of the standing train.
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Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court.
We do not deem it necessary to consider the question whether any member of the engine crew was or was not guilty of negligence.
The engine crew and the laborers were employed by the same master. The common end or purpose of the work which all were employed to perform was the surfacing and ballasting with cinders the railroad track of the employer. To accomplish this end and purpose there were required the united efforts and labor of both the train crew and the laborers; the labor and efforts of the trajn crew to bring and put in their proper places the cars loaded with cinders, to move such cars when necessary, to take away empty cars, to haul the laborers to and from their camp; and the labor and efforts of the laborers to unload the cinders from the cars and spread them upon the roadbed.
In Abend v. T. H. & I. R. R. Co., 111 Ill. 202-211, it was said: “It is an error to suppose that a force of men cannot be engaged in a common service unless all are continually working at the same time and engaged in doing precisely the same kind of work. It is sufficient if all are actually employed by the same master, and that the work of each, whatever it may be, has for its immediate object a common end or purpose, sought to be accomplished by the united efforts of all.”
We think that plaintiff’s intestate and the other laborers were fellow-servants with the engineer and other members of the train crew, and for an injury sustained by one of them through the negligence of another the common master is not responsible. This conclusion is in accord with the decisions in the following cases upon similar facts: C. & A. R. R. Co. v. Keefe, 47 Ill. 108; C. & A. R. R. Co. v. Murphy, 53 ib. 336; St. L. & S. E. R. R. Co. v. Britz, 72 ib. 256; T. W. & W. R. R. Co. v. Durkin, 76 ib. 395; Miller v. O. &. M. R. R. Co., 24 Ill. App. 326.
The question remains whether the judgment can be sustained upon the ground that the foreman, Francis, was guilty of negligence which directly caused or contributed to the death of plaintiff’s intestate.
It is not claimed that Francis and Bockhold were fellow-servants, but the contention of appellant is that the negligence of Francis is neither averred in the declaration nor shown by the evidence.
The second count of the declaration sufficiently sets out the facts above stated; avers that the engine and cars attached thereto were under the control and management of divers servants of the defendant who were not fellow-servants with Bockhold; that while Bockhold was unloading a car of cinders in the éxercise of due care, etc., the defendant l£by its said servants, so carelessly and improperly drove and managed the said locomotive engine and train of cars that by and through the negligence and improper conduct of the defendant by its said servants in that behalf, the said locomotive engine and train then and there ran and struck with great force and violence upon and against said car upon which said William H. Bockhold was then and there standing and working as aforesaid; that in so doing, and before said locomotive engine and train ran and struck with great force and violence against the said car upon which the said William H. Bockhold was then and there working as aforesaid, no bell or whistle was sounded, and no warning of any kind was given to said William H. Bockhold that said locomotive engine and train were about to strike the car upon which said William II. Bockhold was then and there working as aforesaid; by means and consequence of which default and negligence of the defendant as- aforesaid, and by means of the careless and improper driving and managing of said locomotive engine and train of cars the said William H. Bockhold was then and there thrown with great force and violence from and off said car,” etc.
The contention that this count only charges negligence in respect to the control and management of the engine cannot, we think, be sustained. The count also alleges, as a substantive act of negligence of the defendant, the failure of the defendant to give to Rockhold any warning that the engine or a car attached thereto was about to strike the car upon which Rockhold was then working, and that thropgh the act of negligence so charged Rockhold received the injuries which caused his death. To maintain this charge of negligence, upon the ground of the negligence of Francis to give such warning, the plaintiff was bound to prove facts from which the jury might properly find that it was the duty of Francis to give such warning, as well as his failure to give warning, but it was not necessary to aver ■such facts or the existence of the duty, but it was sufficient to aver the ultimate fact that the defendant was guilty of negligence in failing to give such warning to Rockhold.
Francis testified that at the time of the accident he was standing by the side of the track about two car lengths from the south end of the train of cars on which the laborers were at work; that'as the train to which the engine was attached approached to make the coupling, he saw the brakeman on the front car give the “slow” or “easy” signal to the engineer, and that he “then turned and hollered to the men to. look out.” The engineer testified that when the cars came together there was not anjr more jolt than an ordinary coupling would haxTe made.
The question whether Francis xvas guilty of negligence was a question of fact for the jury. In determining that question it was for the jury to say what was the duty of Francis under the facts and circumstances shown by the evidence, as well as to find what he did or failed to do.
Whether there was evidence to warrant and support a finding by the jury that it was, under the circumstances shown by the evidence, the duty of Francis to give warning to the men who were at work on the standing cars, is a question, of law. But if there was evidence to warrant and support a finding by the jury that it was the duty of Francis to give such warning, then the question whether it was or was not the duty of Francis to give such warning is a question of fact. The engineer testified that when the cars came together there was not any more jolt than an ordinary coupling would have made. Eight or ten men were shovelling cinders from the same car with Bockhold, and other men were working on other cars, and by the concussion caused by the impact all the men were thrown down. When the cars came together Francis was standing by the side of the track, two car lengths from the south end of the train of standing cars. He saw the train approaching and knew that a coupling was about to be made between a car of that train and a car of the standing train.
If the jury found, as we think the evidence warranted them in finding, that it was usual and common in making a coupling between a car of a moving and a car of a standing train for the former to strike the latter with as much force as the one struck the other at the time in question, which was, as has been said, with an impact sufficient to drive a train of eight or nine cars, on three of which the brakes were set, forward forty or fifty feet, and to produce a jar or concussion which caused all the men who were standing on those cars at work to fall down, then we think that in view of the evidence as to the place where Francis stood and his knowledge of the peril to which the men who were at work on the car would be exposed when the moving train should strike the standing train, and the other facts shown by the evidence,"the jury were warranted in finding that it was the duty of Francis to use reasonable care and diligence to give to the laborers on the cars warning of the new peril to which they were exposed, so that they might throw themselves down upon the cinders or take other steps to guard against the danger of being thrown from the car when the train on which they were should be struck by the other train.
The testimony upon the question whether Francis gave any warning to the laborers on the approach of the train is conflicting. He testified that when he saw the brakeman give the “slow” or “easy” signal he called out to his men to look out. There'is no testimony that anyone heard such call. Two witnesses who were on one of the standing cars testified that they did not hear him call out, and the brakeman, on his cross-examination, testified that he could not say that he heard Francis “holler” at the men. Upon this testimony and the testimony that all the men on the standing cars were thrown down by the impact, we cannot say that the jury were not warranted in finding that Francis failed to call out to the men on the cars, or to give them any warning of the approach of the train, nor in finding that the failure of Francis to give such warning constituted negligence on the part of the defendant which directly contributed to the injury and death of plaintiff’s intestate.
We find no reversible error in the rulings of the court upon questions of evidence, nor in the giving or refusing of instructions.
The judgment will be affirmed.
Affirmed.