Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court:
At the trial in the Superior Court of Cook county of this action on the case, brought by August Heinrich to recover damages for personal injuries, the court, by its instructions, excluded from the consideration of the jury all of the counts of the declaration except the first of the original counts, and directed them to consider that count only, and the allegations therein contained. A verdict of guilty was returned, in which the damages were assessed at §2500, and a judgment was rendered on that verdict, and the judgment afterwards affirmed in the Appellate Court.
The substance of said first count is, that the plaintiff was riding in his wagon, drawn by his team, upon and along Oakley avenue, a public street in the city of Chicago, and was about to cross the defendant’s railroad at the crossing of said avenue and said railroad, when the defendant then and there, by its servants, carelessly, negligently and improperly allowed steam to escape from its locomotive engine, making such loud and unusual noise that by and through the improper, negligent and careless conduct of the defendant, by its servants, in that behalf, the horses of the plaintiff became frightened and ran away, and overturned the wagon in which the plaintiff, with due care and caution, was riding on said public street, whereby the plaintiff was thrown upon the ground and injured.
It is urged it was error to .allow the case to go to the jury upon this first count, and to refuse the fourth instruction proffered by appellant, which was as follows: “The court instructs the jury to find the defendant not guilty.” This contention is based on three claims: First, that there was no proof that Oakley avenue was a public highway; second, that there was no proof that the defendant carelessly, negligently and improperly allowed steam to escape from the locomotive, thereby making loud and unusual noises; and third, that there is no evidence to prove that through the negligence in that behalf plaintiff’s horses became frightened and ran away.
There is no merit in the first claim. Appellee, Heinrich, testifies that he was driving on Oakley avenue south of where Thirty-sixth street, and Oakley avenue come together, and that both go over the railroad at the same point. Both he and Louis Meitz speak of Oakley avenue as a street. Frank 0. Smedley testifies that Oakley avenue was about the usual width of the streets,— about fifty or sixty feet. The evidence is, that there was on it a plank crossing for teams, etc., over the railroad tracks; that while the crossing was blocked for fifteen or twenty minutes by the freight train attached to the locomotive passing to and fro over the crossing, there was occasioned quite an accumulation of wagons, etc., waiting for the crossing to be cleared, and that the train was finally backed so that the locomotive would clear the crossing, and the engineer or fireman, or both, then called to those waiting, “Gome on now, boys; the crossing is open.” This and other testimony of like character found in the record was sufficient to go to the jury as tending to show that Oakley avenue was a public street. And besides this, appellant admits in the record it is a public highway, for in the instructions given at its own instance the jury were told that the escape of steam, under stated circumstances, “was one of the risks that plaintiff was bound to expect, and did assume, while using the public highway intersecting and crossing said railroad at the place in controversy.”
Nor do we think there is merit in either the second or third of the above mentioned claims. The testimony of the witnesses Heinrich, Meitz, Smedley, Shultz and Pixel is to the effect that after the blockade of fifteen or twenty minutes the engine was stopped at the edge of the crossing, — just clearing the crossing, — and the engineer and fireman, one or both, called to those in waiting to come on, — that the crossing was open ; that just as the horses of Heinrich struck the rails and were on the first plank in front of the engine “they let off steam,” — “from the top of the engine and from both sides,” — and that the horses of appellee immediately became frightened and ran away, and appellee was thrown to the ground and the wagon ran over both of his legs and caused the injuries for which the suit was brought. Their evidence is that horses other than those of appellee were also frightened by the noise and ran away. One of the witnesses says: “They let steam off as bad as they could let «team off.” Another says: “They blew it off, and pretty hard, too. It made every horse dance.” And still another says: “The engine made lots of noise.” And we are, moreover, unable to see in their testimony any evidence of negligence or want of care on the part of appellee.
We think the evidence introduced for the plaintiff fairly tended to show the negligence charged in the first count of the original declaration, and that such negligence caused the injury. The trial court did not err in submitting the case to the jury, or in refusing to direct a verdict of not guilty.
It was not error to refuse to give instruction 14 in the form in which it was asked by appellant, but it was error to give it in even its modified form. The error, however, was not'to the injury of appellant, but for its benefit, and appellee has assigned no cross-errors. The defendant, the Chicago and Alton Eailroad Company, was misnamed in the commencement or introductory part of the declaration, it being there named as the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Eailroad Company. It, however, pleaded by its right name, in bar, and thereby waived the misnomer; and besides this, the defect was cured after verdict by the Statute of Amendments and Jeofails. In the body of the first count, where the statement of the substance of the cause of action is found, it is not alleged that the injury was caused and received at the crossing of the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis railroad, but that it was caused and received at the crossing of “the railroad of the defendant,” and so there is no place for the application of the doctrine in regard to matters of essential description.
The legal principle involved in instruction 12, and the whole substance of that instruction, were fully covered by instruction 11, which was given, and it was not error to refuse said instruction 12.
We have already held herein that appellee was not required in this suit to show that Oakley avenue, either by condemnation or by dedication or by prescription, was legally established as a public highway, and it follows that the court properly refused to give instruction 9.
At the trial in the Superior Court the law of the case was given in the instructions of the court more favorably for appellant than it was entitled to have it given.
In respect to the facts of the case, we may look at the evidence for the purpose of determining the question of the correctness of the rulings in refusing and admitting testimony, and upon the instructions; and also, where the question is preserved in the record, of deciding, as a question of law, whether or not the case should have gone to the jury. But other than for these or like purposes we are, in a case such as this, bound by the judgment of the Appellate Court. (Practice act, secs. 88, 90.) By the statute the conclusions of the Appellate Court are final and conclusive upon all questions or matters of fact.
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Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court:
At the trial in the Superior Court of Cook county of this action on the case, brought by August Heinrich to recover damages for personal injuries, the court, by its instructions, excluded from the consideration of the jury all of the counts of the declaration except the first of the original counts, and directed them to consider that count only, and the allegations therein contained. A verdict of guilty was returned, in which the damages were assessed at §2500, and a judgment was rendered on that verdict, and the judgment afterwards affirmed in the Appellate Court.
The substance of said first count is, that the plaintiff was riding in his wagon, drawn by his team, upon and along Oakley avenue, a public street in the city of Chicago, and was about to cross the defendant’s railroad at the crossing of said avenue and said railroad, when the defendant then and there, by its servants, carelessly, negligently and improperly allowed steam to escape from its locomotive engine, making such loud and unusual noise that by and through the improper, negligent and careless conduct of the defendant, by its servants, in that behalf, the horses of the plaintiff became frightened and ran away, and overturned the wagon in which the plaintiff, with due care and caution, was riding on said public street, whereby the plaintiff was thrown upon the ground and injured.
It is urged it was error to .allow the case to go to the jury upon this first count, and to refuse the fourth instruction proffered by appellant, which was as follows: “The court instructs the jury to find the defendant not guilty.” This contention is based on three claims: First, that there was no proof that Oakley avenue was a public highway; second, that there was no proof that the defendant carelessly, negligently and improperly allowed steam to escape from the locomotive, thereby making loud and unusual noises; and third, that there is no evidence to prove that through the negligence in that behalf plaintiff’s horses became frightened and ran away.
There is no merit in the first claim. Appellee, Heinrich, testifies that he was driving on Oakley avenue south of where Thirty-sixth street, and Oakley avenue come together, and that both go over the railroad at the same point. Both he and Louis Meitz speak of Oakley avenue as a street. Frank 0. Smedley testifies that Oakley avenue was about the usual width of the streets,— about fifty or sixty feet. The evidence is, that there was on it a plank crossing for teams, etc., over the railroad tracks; that while the crossing was blocked for fifteen or twenty minutes by the freight train attached to the locomotive passing to and fro over the crossing, there was occasioned quite an accumulation of wagons, etc., waiting for the crossing to be cleared, and that the train was finally backed so that the locomotive would clear the crossing, and the engineer or fireman, or both, then called to those waiting, “Gome on now, boys; the crossing is open.” This and other testimony of like character found in the record was sufficient to go to the jury as tending to show that Oakley avenue was a public street. And besides this, appellant admits in the record it is a public highway, for in the instructions given at its own instance the jury were told that the escape of steam, under stated circumstances, “was one of the risks that plaintiff was bound to expect, and did assume, while using the public highway intersecting and crossing said railroad at the place in controversy.”
Nor do we think there is merit in either the second or third of the above mentioned claims. The testimony of the witnesses Heinrich, Meitz, Smedley, Shultz and Pixel is to the effect that after the blockade of fifteen or twenty minutes the engine was stopped at the edge of the crossing, — just clearing the crossing, — and the engineer and fireman, one or both, called to those in waiting to come on, — that the crossing was open ; that just as the horses of Heinrich struck the rails and were on the first plank in front of the engine “they let off steam,” — “from the top of the engine and from both sides,” — and that the horses of appellee immediately became frightened and ran away, and appellee was thrown to the ground and the wagon ran over both of his legs and caused the injuries for which the suit was brought. Their evidence is that horses other than those of appellee were also frightened by the noise and ran away. One of the witnesses says: “They let steam off as bad as they could let «team off.” Another says: “They blew it off, and pretty hard, too. It made every horse dance.” And still another says: “The engine made lots of noise.” And we are, moreover, unable to see in their testimony any evidence of negligence or want of care on the part of appellee.
We think the evidence introduced for the plaintiff fairly tended to show the negligence charged in the first count of the original declaration, and that such negligence caused the injury. The trial court did not err in submitting the case to the jury, or in refusing to direct a verdict of not guilty.
It was not error to refuse to give instruction 14 in the form in which it was asked by appellant, but it was error to give it in even its modified form. The error, however, was not'to the injury of appellant, but for its benefit, and appellee has assigned no cross-errors. The defendant, the Chicago and Alton Eailroad Company, was misnamed in the commencement or introductory part of the declaration, it being there named as the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Eailroad Company. It, however, pleaded by its right name, in bar, and thereby waived the misnomer; and besides this, the defect was cured after verdict by the Statute of Amendments and Jeofails. In the body of the first count, where the statement of the substance of the cause of action is found, it is not alleged that the injury was caused and received at the crossing of the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis railroad, but that it was caused and received at the crossing of “the railroad of the defendant,” and so there is no place for the application of the doctrine in regard to matters of essential description.
The legal principle involved in instruction 12, and the whole substance of that instruction, were fully covered by instruction 11, which was given, and it was not error to refuse said instruction 12.
We have already held herein that appellee was not required in this suit to show that Oakley avenue, either by condemnation or by dedication or by prescription, was legally established as a public highway, and it follows that the court properly refused to give instruction 9.
At the trial in the Superior Court the law of the case was given in the instructions of the court more favorably for appellant than it was entitled to have it given.
In respect to the facts of the case, we may look at the evidence for the purpose of determining the question of the correctness of the rulings in refusing and admitting testimony, and upon the instructions; and also, where the question is preserved in the record, of deciding, as a question of law, whether or not the case should have gone to the jury. But other than for these or like purposes we are, in a case such as this, bound by the judgment of the Appellate Court. (Practice act, secs. 88, 90.) By the statute the conclusions of the Appellate Court are final and conclusive upon all questions or matters of fact. But the Appellate Court is not bound by the judgment of the trial court or by the verdict of the jury. It is true, all questions of fact are for the jury, but the trial court has a supervisory power over their verdict. At common law, and under the law as it was in this State prior to the act of July 21, 1837, (Laws of 1837, p. 109,) the granting or refusing a new trial rested in the discretion of the court before which the case was tried, and could not be assigned for error; but by that act it was provided that exceptions should be allowed to opinions or decisions overruling motions for new trials, and that “the party excepting may assign for error any opinion so excepted to, any usage to the contrary notwithstanding.” And under that act, the substance of which has been retained in section 61 of the present Practice act, it has always been held that the court of review may inquire whether the judgment should be reversed upon the ground that the verdict is against the weight of evidence. (Hill v. Ward, 2 Gilm. 285.) Of course, this rule is modified, as to this court, in certain classes of cases, by sections 88 and 90 of the Practice act, but it has in no way been modified or changed as to the Appellate Courts. It is the right and the duty of the Appellate Courts, under the law as it exists in this State, to reverse the judgments of trial courts and the verdicts of juries, where, upon consideration of the testimony, they find that such judgments or verdicts are clearly against the weight of evidence. We must presume, however, that in this case the Appellate Court has faithfully performed that duty, and has found that the evidence sustains the verdict and judgment.
We find herein no sufficient ground for reversing the judgment of the Appellate Court, and it is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.