Chesnut v. Capey

146 P. 589, 45 Okla. 754

• Court: Supreme Court of Oklahoma
• Decided: January 9, 1915
• Docket: 5626
• Status: Published

Opinion

TURNER, J.

On February 3, 1913, Harmon Kaney, in the county court of Marshall county, filed his petition asking to be appointed administrator of the estate of Wallace Oapey, whom, he alleged, was a Choctaw Indian of full blood, who died on January 30, 1913, leaving an allotbent of land and personal property of the value of $200, leaving also petitioner, his nephew, him surviving, as his only heir at law. On February 10, 1913, Margaret Oapey protested against the appointment and alleged her right to he appointed ’ on the ground that she was the widow of deceased. On February 14, ] 913, came one March and another Woodruff and protested against the right of either to administrate «on the estate, and asked that a certain instrument in writing, purporting to make proponents his sole legatees and to have been executed by deceased on August 16, 1912, be probated as his last will and testament and an executor appointed. On March 10, 1913, came Willie Kaney .and alleged himself to he the adopted son of deceased, and denied that Margaret Capey was Ms widow, and protested the /probate of the alleged will in favor of March and Woodruff. On the same day eame C. C. Chesnut, plaintiff in error, .and exhibited an alleged last will and testament of deceased dated June 5, 1908, wherein he disinherited his said wife and made Chesnut his sole legatee, and prayed the court to probate the same. On March '13, 1913, came Margaret Capey and protested its probate, 'and alleged that the same had been revoked by a certain instrument in writing executed August 16, 1912, and again by another such instrument, executed by deceased 'on January 6, 1913, revoking all prior wills. After issue joined by all parties in interest, there was trial .to the court and judgment in effect sustaining the protests and holding in effect that Wallace Capey died intestate and that Margaret Capey was Ms only heir -at law; whereupon .all other parties .appealed to the district court. There, on trial anew, that court held with the county court and sustained the proteste of the wills in question, and, .among other things, specifically found that deceased was a full-hlood Choctaw, that Margaret was his wife, and that in making his will to Chesnut disinheriting her he fell within the proviso contained .in act of Congress of April 26, 1906, c. 1876, par. 23, 34 Stat. 145, wMch reads:

“Every person- of lawful age and sound mind may by last will and testament devise and bequeath all of his estate, real and ■personal, and all interest therein; provided, that no. will of a full-blood Indian devising real estate shall be valid, if such lasifc will and testament disinherits the parent, wife, spouse, or children of such full-blood Indian, unless acknowledged before and approved by a judge of the Hnited States Court for the Indian Territory, or a. United States commissioner.”

And the Chesnut will was made' in conformity thereto. This finding was correct 'and stands unchallenged. The court also found that the Chesnut will was revoked by the will to March and Woodruff, and .again by an, instrument in writing executed by the ■testator on January 6, 1913, containing a clause revoking all prior wills. From that part of the judgment of the1 court so holding, Ghesnut 'atone appeals.

The March and Woodruff will is like the Chesnut will, in [that it disinherits the wife of the testator, but is. unlike the Ghesnut will, in that it contains a, clause revoking all prior wills, and is not acknowledged before and approved by a judge of the county court, ias required by the amendatory act of May 27, 1908, c. 199, 35 Stat. 312. In holding that this will revoked the Chesnut will, the court found that, although the same was not executed in form to satisfy the act of Congress, supra, and hence was not sufficient ,to disinherit the wife of the .testator, yet, being executed in form to satisfy the law of the state in force at that time, the same was sufficient to revoke the Chesnut will. Therein the court erred. Disinheriting his wife, as it did, mid will was required to be executed in form to satisfy the act of Congress, as amended, and, 'as it 'did not, the same was defective and the revocatory clause of no effect. On this point this case is governed by Leard et al. v. Askew, 28 Okla. 300, 114 Pac. 251, Ann. Gas. 1912D, 234, where in the syllabus we said:

“Though the subsequent will contains a clause expressly revolting the earlier will, yet, if such subsequent will is defectively executed, the revocatory clause will not take effect.”

But did the following instrument revoke both the Chesnut ■and the March and Woodruff wills? The court held that it did. It reads:

“Revocation of Will.

“I, Wallace Oapey, of Marshall eounlty, state of Oklahoma, .■being in poor health, but of sound mind, do hereby revoke will executed by me and which I understand is in the possession of Geo. S. March, attorney .at law, Maidill, Oklahoma, and wherein I will, devise and bequeath all of my property, both real and personal, to said G'eo. S. March and Woodruff in equal shares; and any and all other wills at any time heretofore executed by me.

“In witness whereof, I Wallace Capey, have in this revocation of wills subscribed my name this 6th day of January, 1913.

his

“Wallace X Capy.

mark

“I signed -the name of Wallace Capy .hereto at his request and in his presence, he not being able to write it, this January 6th, 1913.

“[Signed] P. W. Minter.

“Personally appeared before me a notary public, in and for Marshall county, Oklahoma, Wallace Capy known to me to be the person whose name is subscribed to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged to me that he signed tine same of his own free will without persuasion or threats.

“Witness my hand 'and seal this 6th clay of January, 1913.

“[Signed] P. W. Minter, Notary Public.

“My commission expires Jan. 16, 1916.

“Subscribed by Wallace Capy in the presence of each of us, the undersigned, and at the same time declared by him to be a revocation of the will therein referred to, and any and all other wills at any time executed by him; and we thereupon, at the request of Wallace Capy, in his presence, and in the presence of each other, sign our names hereto as witnesses this 6th. day of January, 1913, at the home of the said Capy.

“[Signed] P. W. Minter.

“Eastman Kainey.”

In support of said holding, counsel rely on Rev. Laws 1910, sec. 8358, which reads:

“Except in the. case in this article mentioned, no written will, or any parts thereof, can be revoked or altered otherwise than: First. By a written will or ■ other writing of the testator, declaring such revocation or alteration, and executed with the sanie formalities with which a will should be executed by such testator.

It is Chesnut’s contention that this statute does, not apply to the revocation! of the will to (him, and that, if it does, said instrument of revocation is (required1 by said statute to be executed with .the same formalities with which ithe will to. him was executed, i. e., to be acknowledged before and approved by a judge of the county court as required by the amendatory act of May 27, 1908. And that, as such was not done, the same was ineffective to work a revocation. But the court did not take that view of the law, and held that section 8358, . supra, • was -applicable to the revocation of wills, and that, as the -instrument of revocation was executed with the formalities prescribed 'thereby, .the same was sufficient to work a revocation, of all prior wills. Was the court right in holding that said statute applied? If he was,we will then determine what the statute means when, it says that the instrument of revocation must he -executed with the' same formalities with which a 'will should he executed. When Congress provided, -as it did, by that act, supra, and the amendment thereto, that “every person of lawful age -and sound mind -may by last mil -and testament devise and bequeath all his estate, real and personal, and all interest therein,” Congress was legislating for the Indians, -and (thereby'in effect said to: this testator and all -other Indians of lawful age 'and sound mind that thereafter, as to their lands, concerning which Congress- had' the right to legislate, -the same might be devised by will, and in the manner of so- doing, the testator was-' to- be governed by the statute of wills in force in the state ■ at the time of the making of tire will, just -as is every other -citizen' of the state.' That lis, with one exception, to wit, that no, will.-of a, full-blood Indian devising real estate shall be v-alid if suehl last will and. testament disinherits, -among others, his wife, unless the will be acknowledged before and approved by a 'judge of'the county court. By that act Congress did 'hot intend" 'tó'affect the- making' or revocation of mils- devising lahi'd' cóncernitíg which Congress' had no right to- legislate, but’intehded"tha-fc''the'Indian should, in the manner of both, making and revoking wills devising those lands, be governed by this statute on wills in force in the state at the time (the will is. made or attempted ito be revoked. Neither did Congress intend to legislate concerning the revocation of wills lanth'orized to be made by the act. This for the reason that Congress well knew that (the manner' of revoking wills was fully provided for by the' statute, supra, extended to- and pat in force throughout the state by the schedule of the Constitution. It is clear, had not Congress inserted the proviso-, the state statute would have furnished .the machinery for making this will as a whole. As it is, the will was executed pursuant thereto in every particular except as to its acknowledgement before and approval by a judge of the county court. By implication, then, we gather that Congress intended the state statute to apply in all matters concerning, not only -the execution, but 'the revocation, of this will, except those matters wherein Congress had expressly otherwise provided. In other words, Congress intended that the state law should yield only so far as it interfered with the operation of the act of Congress.

In McDermott v. Wisconsin, 228 U. S. 115, 33 Sup. Ct. 431, 57 L. Ed. 754, 47 L. R. A. (N. S.) 984, tire court, speaking to the right of Congress to .regulate interstate commerce, said:

“* * * To the extent that the state law interferes with or frustrates the operation, of .the acts of Congress, its provisions must yield to .the superior federal power given to Congress by •the Constitution.”

The same doctrine is true as to legislation by Congress for Indians.

The acts must be construed together. In Walker et al. v. Brown, 141 Pac. 681, the Indian was prevented by act of Congress from alienating, conveying, or incumbering his property other tiran by last will and testament. Rev. Laws. 1910, sec. 8341, provided:

“No person wbo is prevented by la,w from alienating, conveying, or in-cumbering real property, wihile living -shall be allowed to bequeath same by will.”

Construing these provisions together, this court in effect held that section 8341 was in force throughout the state and was applicable to all except the lands of this Indian, concerning which Congress hia'd a right to and did -legislate, -and that, although he was prevented from alienating, conveying, or incumbering his lands while living, he had -the right to alienate the same by last will and testament, which of course took effect only after death. And -so, as the court was right in holding that our statute- on wills gave way to the act of Congress, swpra, only so far as- said iaot requiring this will to be acknowledged before and approved by a judge o-f the -county court, and that said statute was applicable to a revocation of -this will wb-en made, we will next determine whether the instrument in question was -executed in compliance with, the statute 'and with formalities -sufficient -to work a revocation of the Chesnut will. Stripped -to the point, the statute reads:

“* * * No written will * * * can be revoked * * * otherwise than: * * * By a written will or -other writing or the testator, declaring such revocation, * * * and executed with the same formalities with which a will should be executed by such, testator. * * *”

■It is urged by Chesnut that, when the -statute says the revocatory instrument must be executed with the same formalities with which >a will should be executed, it means with -the same- formalities with which the will to him was executed, -and hence, as the ■testator failed to acknowledge the same before and the same was •not 'approved by a county judge, it was void and without effect to- work -a revocation. Not so. When the ¡statute required ¡that instrument ito he -executed with the same formalities with which a wi-11 should be executed, it meant with the same formalities a will was then required to- be executed by the statute in- force in the sítate. Of course, the statute had no reference to the act for the reason that the latter was not in existence at the .time the former was passed, and hence could not have been within its contemplation. In the operation of these two laws, one by the state, the other by Congress, we see the effect of two legislative sovereign-ties acting within their respective spheres. But there is no conflict. In our opinion Congress by the act in question never intended to change the well-known rule that the law governing wills is that of the place where the property is located so far as real estate is concerned, and, as to personal property, the lex domicilii, except in the one particular mentioned in -the proviso of the act. 'We are therefore of opinion that the statute on wills in force in this jurisdiction was applicable to the testator except in so far as Congress had a right and did legislate by the act in question, .and that, as Congress never thereby intended to legislate upon the subject of the revocation of a will made pursuant thereto, the statute of the state governed, and, a.s it appears .that this instrument of revocation was in form sufficient to satisfy the statute, the judgment of the trial count should he affirmed.

But before leaving the case our attention is called to the brief of Harmon Kaney filed herein. He has joined in this proceeding in error and his separate proceeding in error in cause No. 5626 has been, by 'all parties in interest, considered consolidated with this proceeding. His brief consists of three type-written pages, containing no assignments of error. In it he says that he is “¡a nephew of the said deceased, .and it is his contention that he is next of kin and entitled .to inherit the estate of said deceased either under the law of descent and distribution of Oklahoma, or under the law of descent and distribution of Arkansas put in force in Indian Territory prior to statehood/’ and contends that the latter is in force. No particular ruling of the court on a question of law or fact is complained of, and we .presume we are invited to assume Mm to be a nephew, and say which of 'those statutes govern the devolution of this estate, ’and to determine Ms distributive ■ share thereunder. But we decline, for .the reason /that neither the county count nor the district court find that he is a nephew of the deceased, but find generally that he is no- heir of deceased, and therefore mot entitled to administer on 'the estate. If this can be said to be a finding against his claim that he is a nephew, still we decline to pass upon the question of whether he is or is not, for the- reason that counsel have failed to comply with rule 25 of this count (137 Pac. xi), in that they failed to -set forth such material parts of the- facts and other parts of the record as are necessary to a. full understanding of the question sought to he presented. But be is not concluded. Let the judgment be affirmed, but the cause remanded, not for the purpose of reopening the issues as to who is entitled to administer on this estate or for further inquiry as to. whether Wallace Oapey died intestate-, as the same- is settled here, but for the purpose of determining who-is entitled, to- share in his estate and the distributive share of each.

The judgment is therefore .affirmed, but the cause is remanded, with directions to proceed in accordance with this, opinion.

All the Justices concur.