USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 20-14464 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 8:18-cv-00432-CPT
CHERYL GRIFFITH,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
DENIS R. McDONOUGH, Secretary, Department of Veterans Affairs,
Defendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(September 29, 2021)
Before JILL PRYOR, LUCK, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 2 of 7
Cheryl Griffith appeals the magistrate judge’s award of attorneys’ fees in her
employment discrimination case and his denial of her second motion for attorneys’
fees, in which she sought fees for time her attorneys spent seeking fees related to
her original motion. First, she argues that the magistrate judge clearly erred when
calculating her attorneys’ and paralegals’ reasonable rates and that he abused his
discretion by awarding attorneys’ fees based on those rates. Second, she argues
that the magistrate judge abused his discretion by denying her second motion for
attorneys’ fees as untimely.
I.
A district court’s award of attorneys’ fees is reviewed for abuse of
discretion. In re Home Depot Inc., 931 F.3d 1065, 1078 (11th Cir. 2019). “An
abuse of discretion occurs if the judge fails to apply the proper legal standard or to
follow proper procedures in making the determination or bases an award upon
findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.” Id. (quoting ACLU of Ga. v. Barnes,
168 F.3d 423, 427 (11th Cir. 1999)).
Under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16, employees of federal agencies are permitted to
sue the federal government for employment discrimination based on race and sex.
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(a), (c). Section 2000e-5(k) allows courts to award
reasonable attorneys’ fees to the prevailing party in litigation under §§ 2000e to
2000e-17. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k); see also 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(d) (stating
2 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 3 of 7
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k) applies to actions against the federal government brought
under § 2000e-16). Similarly, the Rehabilitation Act prohibits federal agencies
from discriminating on the basis of disability and allows employees of federal
agencies to sue the government and, if successful, recover attorneys’ fees. 29
U.S.C. § 791(a), (f); see also 29 U.S.C. § 794a(a), (b) (referencing 42 U.S.C. §§
2000e-16, 2000e-5(k)).
Where the parties agree that one party will pay the other party’s legal fees,
they agree to fee shifting, and the “lodestar” method is used to calculate reasonable
attorneys’ fees. See In re Home Depot, 931 F.3d at 1078-79, 1081-84 (applying
lodestar method to contractual fee-shifting case). The lodestar is the number of
hours reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433-34 (1983).
Whether a particular amount is a reasonable hourly rate is a finding of fact
subsidiary to the total award and, therefore, is reviewed for clear error. Barnes,
168 F.3d at 436. A factual finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is
evidence to support it, we are “left with the definite and firm conviction that a
mistake has been committed.” Morrissette-Brown v. Mobile Infirmary Med. Ctr.,
506 F.3d 1317, 1319 (11th Cir. 2007).
We have defined a “reasonable hourly rate” as the “prevailing market rate in
the relevant legal community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably
3 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 4 of 7
comparable skills, experience, and reputation.” Norman v. Hous. Auth. of
Montgomery, 836 F.2d 1292, 1299 (11th Cir. 1988). The relevant market for
“determining the reasonable hourly rate for an attorney’s services is ‘the place
where the case is filed.’” Barnes, 168 F.3d at 437 (citing Cullens v. Georgia
Dep’t. of Transp., 29 F.3d 1489, 1494 (11th Cir. 1994)). The party seeking
attorneys’ fees “bears the burden of establishing that his requested rate is in line
with prevailing market rates,” and this requires more than just “the affidavit of the
attorney performing the work.” Norman, 836 F.2d at 1299. Since courts have
historically been considered experts on the question of fees, the court “may
consider its own knowledge and experience concerning reasonable and proper
fees.” id. at 1303 (quoting Campbell v. Green, 112 F.2d 143, 144 (5th Cir. 1940)).
Moreover, when a client and an attorney have contracted for services at a particular
rate, that rate “is a strong indication of a reasonable rate.” Tire Kingdom, Inc. v.
Morgan Tire & Auto, Inc., 253 F.3d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir. 2001). But while the
contracted rate is relevant evidence of a reasonable rate, it does not “necessarily act
as a cap or ceiling in determining the reasonable hourly rate.” Id. A court,
therefore, can award a fee above the contracted rate if the higher award is a
reasonable hourly rate.
There is a strong presumption that the lodestar yields a reasonable fee. In re
Home Depot, 931 F.3d at 1082. However, in rare and exceptional cases, the
4 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 5 of 7
lodestar may be enhanced if it does not reflect the true value of counsels’ work. Id.
The lodestar has subsumed most of the factors that could be considered to justify
an enhancement. Id. at 1082-83. Those subsumed factors, therefore, are already
accounted for and cannot justify an enhancement. Id. at 1082-83. The subsumed
factors include the novelty and complexity of the issues, the skill and experience of
the attorneys, and the results obtained. Id. at 1083.
Here, the magistrate judge did not abuse his discretion in his award of
attorneys’ fees. The magistrate judge found the rates Griffith and her attorneys
agreed-upon in their contract to be reasonable hourly rates. While Griffith
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USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 1 of 7
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 20-14464 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 8:18-cv-00432-CPT
CHERYL GRIFFITH,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
versus
DENIS R. McDONOUGH, Secretary, Department of Veterans Affairs,
Defendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida ________________________
(September 29, 2021)
Before JILL PRYOR, LUCK, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 2 of 7
Cheryl Griffith appeals the magistrate judge’s award of attorneys’ fees in her
employment discrimination case and his denial of her second motion for attorneys’
fees, in which she sought fees for time her attorneys spent seeking fees related to
her original motion. First, she argues that the magistrate judge clearly erred when
calculating her attorneys’ and paralegals’ reasonable rates and that he abused his
discretion by awarding attorneys’ fees based on those rates. Second, she argues
that the magistrate judge abused his discretion by denying her second motion for
attorneys’ fees as untimely.
I.
A district court’s award of attorneys’ fees is reviewed for abuse of
discretion. In re Home Depot Inc., 931 F.3d 1065, 1078 (11th Cir. 2019). “An
abuse of discretion occurs if the judge fails to apply the proper legal standard or to
follow proper procedures in making the determination or bases an award upon
findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.” Id. (quoting ACLU of Ga. v. Barnes,
168 F.3d 423, 427 (11th Cir. 1999)).
Under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16, employees of federal agencies are permitted to
sue the federal government for employment discrimination based on race and sex.
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(a), (c). Section 2000e-5(k) allows courts to award
reasonable attorneys’ fees to the prevailing party in litigation under §§ 2000e to
2000e-17. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k); see also 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(d) (stating
2 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 3 of 7
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(k) applies to actions against the federal government brought
under § 2000e-16). Similarly, the Rehabilitation Act prohibits federal agencies
from discriminating on the basis of disability and allows employees of federal
agencies to sue the government and, if successful, recover attorneys’ fees. 29
U.S.C. § 791(a), (f); see also 29 U.S.C. § 794a(a), (b) (referencing 42 U.S.C. §§
2000e-16, 2000e-5(k)).
Where the parties agree that one party will pay the other party’s legal fees,
they agree to fee shifting, and the “lodestar” method is used to calculate reasonable
attorneys’ fees. See In re Home Depot, 931 F.3d at 1078-79, 1081-84 (applying
lodestar method to contractual fee-shifting case). The lodestar is the number of
hours reasonably expended on the litigation multiplied by a reasonable hourly rate.
Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433-34 (1983).
Whether a particular amount is a reasonable hourly rate is a finding of fact
subsidiary to the total award and, therefore, is reviewed for clear error. Barnes,
168 F.3d at 436. A factual finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is
evidence to support it, we are “left with the definite and firm conviction that a
mistake has been committed.” Morrissette-Brown v. Mobile Infirmary Med. Ctr.,
506 F.3d 1317, 1319 (11th Cir. 2007).
We have defined a “reasonable hourly rate” as the “prevailing market rate in
the relevant legal community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably
3 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 4 of 7
comparable skills, experience, and reputation.” Norman v. Hous. Auth. of
Montgomery, 836 F.2d 1292, 1299 (11th Cir. 1988). The relevant market for
“determining the reasonable hourly rate for an attorney’s services is ‘the place
where the case is filed.’” Barnes, 168 F.3d at 437 (citing Cullens v. Georgia
Dep’t. of Transp., 29 F.3d 1489, 1494 (11th Cir. 1994)). The party seeking
attorneys’ fees “bears the burden of establishing that his requested rate is in line
with prevailing market rates,” and this requires more than just “the affidavit of the
attorney performing the work.” Norman, 836 F.2d at 1299. Since courts have
historically been considered experts on the question of fees, the court “may
consider its own knowledge and experience concerning reasonable and proper
fees.” id. at 1303 (quoting Campbell v. Green, 112 F.2d 143, 144 (5th Cir. 1940)).
Moreover, when a client and an attorney have contracted for services at a particular
rate, that rate “is a strong indication of a reasonable rate.” Tire Kingdom, Inc. v.
Morgan Tire & Auto, Inc., 253 F.3d 1332, 1337 (11th Cir. 2001). But while the
contracted rate is relevant evidence of a reasonable rate, it does not “necessarily act
as a cap or ceiling in determining the reasonable hourly rate.” Id. A court,
therefore, can award a fee above the contracted rate if the higher award is a
reasonable hourly rate.
There is a strong presumption that the lodestar yields a reasonable fee. In re
Home Depot, 931 F.3d at 1082. However, in rare and exceptional cases, the
4 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 5 of 7
lodestar may be enhanced if it does not reflect the true value of counsels’ work. Id.
The lodestar has subsumed most of the factors that could be considered to justify
an enhancement. Id. at 1082-83. Those subsumed factors, therefore, are already
accounted for and cannot justify an enhancement. Id. at 1082-83. The subsumed
factors include the novelty and complexity of the issues, the skill and experience of
the attorneys, and the results obtained. Id. at 1083.
Here, the magistrate judge did not abuse his discretion in his award of
attorneys’ fees. The magistrate judge found the rates Griffith and her attorneys
agreed-upon in their contract to be reasonable hourly rates. While Griffith
provided evidence of judicially awarded attorneys’ fees in the relevant market that
could have supported a higher reasonable rate, we cannot conclude that the
magistrate judge clearly erred by awarding only the contracted rates. The fact that
a client and attorney have agreed on the contracted rates is “a strong indication of a
reasonable rate.” Tire Kingdom, 253 F.3d at 1337. The awarded rates, moreover,
were the contracted rates for a case that was resolved by pre-trial settlement, as this
case was. Although Griffith maintains that those agreed-upon rates are discounted
from the actual market rate, the magistrate judge was allowed to rely on his own
experience and expertise in finding that the contracted rates were within the
bounds of reasonableness for this type of case. See Tire Kingdom, 253 F.3d at
1336-37; see Norman, 836 F.2d at 1303. Because the magistrate judge did not
5 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 6 of 7
clearly err in determining a reasonable hourly rate for the lodestar and because the
lodestar subsumes most of the factors relevant to enhancing a fee award, the
magistrate judge did not abuse his discretion in his award of attorney’s fees.
Accordingly, we affirm this portion of the magistrate judge’s order.
II.
A court’s decision to deny a request for attorneys’ fees as untimely is
reviewed for abuse of discretion. Clark v. Hous. Auth. of City of Alma, 971 F.2d
723, 724 (11th Cir. 1992).
We have concerns about the magistrate judge’s finding that the second
motion for attorneys’ fees was untimely and should be disregarded entirely. On
the one hand, we cannot conclude that the magistrate judge abused his discretion
with respect to Griffith’s fee request for her use of an expert because those fees
likely could have been estimated at the time the original motion was filed.
However, it seems clear that at least some of the hours expended by counsel were
incurred after the filing of the original motion for attorneys’ fees and could not
have been reasonably predicted as to scope or amount. For example, Griffith’s
reply brief to Defendant’s response to her original motion was filed on March 5,
2020, well after the original motion for fees was filed. Additionally, we cannot
agree with the magistrate judge’s assessment that much of the work done after the
filing of the original attorneys’ fees motion was largely unnecessary. The
6 USCA11 Case: 20-14464 Date Filed: 09/29/2021 Page: 7 of 7
magistrate judge, therefore, abused his discretion in refusing to take into
consideration counsel’s work performed after the filing of the original motion.
Accordingly, we vacate that portion of the magistrate judge’s order.
III.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment below is affirmed in all respects
except as to the attorneys’ fees incurred after the filing of the original motion that
could not have been included therein and were not susceptible to reasonable
prediction at the time of filing.
AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART.