[Cite as Cherconis v. Cherconis, 2017-Ohio-7912.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF MEDINA )
DAVID M. CHERCONIS, et al. C.A. No. 16CA0077-M
Appellants
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE CAROLINE CHERCONIS COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO Appellee CASE No. 13DR0036
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: September 29, 2017
TEODOSIO, Judge.
{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant, David Cherconis (“Husband”), appeals from the judgment of
the Medina County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. This Court affirms in
part and reverses in part.
I.
{¶2} Husband and Defendant-Appellee, Caroline Cherconis (“Wife”), originally
married on July 21, 1984, and had four children during the course of their marriage. They first
divorced in 2007, and, pursuant to the terms of their original decree, no spousal support was
awarded. The trial court awarded the marital residence to Husband, but awarded Wife a $29,000
equity interest. Accordingly, it ordered Husband to pay the mortgage and to pay Wife her equity
share. The court also gave Wife the option of remaining in the home until Husband paid her
equity share. If Wife chose to remain, $719.89 per month would be deducted from her equity 2
share and credited to Husband as rent. There is no dispute that Wife remained at the marital
residence after the divorce.
{¶3} The parties remarried on October 22, 2010, but separated again in July 2011.
From that point forward, only Wife continued to reside at the marital residence. In June 2012,
the marital residence became the subject of a foreclosure action. Husband’s sister ultimately
obtained a personal loan for $38,550 and used it to satisfy the outstanding mortgage balance.
Shortly after she did so, Husband filed a complaint for divorce from Wife. He then deeded the
marital residence to his sister while the divorce action was pending.
{¶4} Wife filed a counterclaim for divorce and later filed a motion to join Husband’s
sister as an additional defendant. The trial court granted the motion to join due to the sister’s
interest in the marital residence. Further, the court granted Wife exclusive possession of the
marital residence during the pendency of the proceedings. A divorce hearing was held on
January 14, 2014, and, on August 25, 2014, the court issued a second divorce decree.
{¶5} The trial court determined that Husband’s decision to deed the marital residence
to his sister was not dispositive of the proceedings and that both he and Wife still had separate
property interests in the home. The court explained that Husband had a separate property interest
by virtue of the first divorce decree. Meanwhile, Wife had a separate property interest in the
amount of $3,803.05 because that was the amount due and owing on her original equity interest
($29,000) after subtracting, as credit to Husband, $719.89 per month for a period of 35 months
(i.e., the period of time she remained in the home from the first divorce until the parties
remarried). The court found that the personal loan Husband had “solicited” from his sister had
caused an “appreciation for the parties in the form of [a] $38,550 pay-off of the mortgage on the
residence.” The court then treated the $38,550 equity increase as marital property and equally 3
divided it between the parties. The court awarded the marital residence to Husband, consistent
with the prior decree, but ordered him to pay Wife $23,078.05 (i.e., her half of the $38,550, plus
her outstanding $3,803.05 equity interest). The court also revisited the issue of spousal support
and ordered Husband to pay Wife $340 per month until she remarried, cohabited with another
man, or one of the parties died. Husband then appealed from the court’s judgment.
{¶6} On appeal, this Court determined that the trial court erred when it characterized
the $38,550 pay-off as an appreciation in equity. Cherconis v. Cherconis, 9th Dist. Medina Nos.
14CA0086-M & 14CA0088-M, 2016-Ohio-1140, ¶ 16-19. Because the undisputed evidence
was that Husband had transferred his interest in the marital residence to his sister in exchange for
her satisfying his separate mortgage debt, we concluded that the court lost its way when it found
that he had retained any interest in the marital residence for which there could be any increase in
equity. Id. at ¶ 19. We ordered the trial court, on remand, “to vacate the $19,275 award to Wife
attributable to [Husband’s sister’s] payment of Husband’s separate property debt, and make any
adjustments necessary to the property division as [were] within its discretion to make.” Id. at ¶
21.
{¶7} On remand, the trial court issued a judgment entry in which it incorporated by
reference its August 25, 2014 decree to the extent that its terms did not conflict with this Court’s
judgment. The court vacated its $19,275 award to Wife and recalculated her equity interest. The
court determined that she possessed a $23,988.08 equity interest in the marital residence, so it
ordered Husband to pay her that amount in monthly installments of $399.81. It further ordered
Wife to vacate the marital residence within 90 days of Husband’s first installment payment.
{¶8} Husband now appeals from the trial court’s judgment and raises three assignments
of error for our review. 4
II.
{¶9} Before turning to Husband’s assignments of error, this Court notes that Wife has
not filed a brief on appeal. As such, this Court “may accept [Husband’s] statement of the facts
and issues as correct and reverse the judgment if [Husband’s] brief reasonably appears to sustain
such action.” App.R. 18(C).
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY AWARDING SPOUSAL SUPPORT FOR AN INDEFINITE DURATION TO DEFENDANT-WIFE IN THE AMOUNT OF $340 PER MONTH UNTIL THE EARLIER OF THE DEATH OF EITHER PARTY, WIFE’S REMARRIAGE, OR WIFE’S CO-HABITATION WITH AN UNRELATED ADULT MALE, AND BY DETERMINING SPOUSAL SUPPORT BASED ON THE COMBINED DURATION OF THE PARTIES’ FIRST AND SECOND MARRIAGES.
{¶10} In his first assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court erred in its
spousal support award to Wife. Specifically, he argues that (1) the court lacked jurisdiction to
award spousal support for any period predating the parties’ remarriage, and (2) the factors
outlined in R.C. 3105.18 do not favor an award of spousal support. Because Husband’s first
argument is dispositive, this Court need not address his second argument.
{¶11} “[A] trial court can retain jurisdiction for a limited, reasonable period of time, to
modify spousal support, even when the initial order awards zero support.” Simkanin v. Simkanin,
9th Dist. Summit No. 22719, 2006-Ohio-762, ¶ 16. A trial court may modify a prior spousal
support order only if the divorce decree “contains a provision specifically authorizing the court
to modify the amount or terms of * * * spousal support.” R.C. 3105.18(E)(1). If a decree does
not contain an express reservation of jurisdiction, the court lacks the authority to modify a prior
support order. Mandelbaum v. Mandelbaum, 121 Ohio St.3d 433, 2009-Ohio-1222, paragraph
two of the syllabus. 5
{¶12} When the parties initially divorced in December 2007, they submitted a
memorandum of agreement that was filed alongside their divorce decree. The memorandum
provided that Wife would not receive spousal support and that the court would not retain
jurisdiction over that issue. Consistent with the memorandum, the decree likewise provided:
“[t]here shall be no spousal support, nor retention of jurisdiction for further review of spousal
support by the Court.”
{¶13} During the second divorce proceeding, Wife asked the court to award her spousal
support. The trial court agreed that an award of spousal support was appropriate and, in
fashioning its award, considered the total length of the parties’ relationship, including their first
marriage. Relying on Moore v. Moore, 83 Ohio App.3d 75 (9th Dist.1992), the court found that
“[w]here parties remarry after a separation, and the parties resided in the marital home during the
separation, the trial court can consider the duration of both the first and second marriage in
awarding spousal support.” The trial court ultimately looked to the fact that the parties “could be
considered to have been married, de facto, * * * for a grand total of twenty-nine years and seven
months” as a factor in favor of its spousal support award.
{¶14} Upon review, this Court concludes that the trial court erred when it based its
spousal support award, in part, on the length of the parties’ first marriage. This case is
distinguishable from Moore because, here, the trial court expressly did not retain jurisdiction
over the issue of spousal support with respect to the parties’ first marriage. Compare Moore at
78. By considering the term of the parties’ first marriage in its spousal support determination,
the trial court essentially modified the initial spousal support order. The court lacked jurisdiction
to do so. See Mandelbaum, 121 Ohio St.3d 433, 2009-Ohio-1222, at paragraph two of the
syllabus. See also Michaels v. Michaels, 9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0012-M, 2012-Ohio-641, ¶ 6
9 (court lacked jurisdiction to modify duration of support award where it only reserved
jurisdiction over the amount of the award).
{¶15} Although the trial court had jurisdiction to award Wife spousal support for the
period encompassing the parties’ second marriage, this Court cannot review the reasonableness
of the court’s award. That is because the court predicated its award, in part, based on the length
of the parties’ first marriage. On remand, the trial court must consider Wife’s spousal support
demand strictly within the confines of the parties’ remarriage. Husband’s first assignment of
error is sustained insofar as it is premised upon the court having exceeded its jurisdiction in
awarding spousal support.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION FOLLOWING REMAND BY AWARDING DEFENDANT-WIFE ONE-HALF OF PLAINTIFF-HUSBAND’S OWN NET EQUITY INTEREST IN THE MARITAL HOME IN THE SUM OF $6.728.34, IN ADDITION TO HER OWN ONE-HALF OF THE NET EQUITY INTEREST OF $13,456.69, SO THAT DEFENDANT-WIFE RECEIVES 75% AND PLAINTIFF-HUSBAND ONLY 25% OF THE NET EQUITY INTEREST ACCRUED IN THE MARITAL RESIDENCE DURING THE 16-MONTH PERIOD OF THEIR SECOND MARRIAGE IN WHICH THEY PAID THE MONTHLY MORTGAGE ON THAT MARITAL RESIDENCE.
{¶16} In his second assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court erred when
it awarded Wife half of his net equity interest in the marital residence. Upon review, we agree
that the court’s judgment must be reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings.
{¶17} A trial court has “broad discretion to determine what property division is
equitable in a divorce proceeding.” Cherry v. Cherry, 66 Ohio St.2d 348 (1981), paragraph two
of the syllabus. This Court generally “will not reverse a trial court’s decision regarding the
division of property, absent an abuse of discretion.” Sigman v. Sigman, 9th Dist. Wayne No.
11CA0012, 2012-Ohio-5433, ¶ 5. Yet, “[t]he classification of property as marital or separate is a 7
question of fact that this Court reviews under a civil manifest weight standard.” Hahn v. Hahn,
9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0064-M, 2012-Ohio-2001, ¶ 20.
{¶18} Separate property includes “[a]ny real * * * property or interest in real * * *
property that was acquired by one spouse prior to the date of the marriage” and any “[p]assive
income and appreciation acquired from separate property.” R.C. 3105.171(A)(6)(a)(ii), (iii).
“The commingling of separate property with other property of any type does not destroy the
identity of the separate property as separate property, except when the separate property is not
traceable.” R.C. 3105.171(A)(6)(b). “The party seeking to have a particular asset classified as
separate property has the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, to trace the asset
to separate property.” Eikenberry v. Eikenberry, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 09CA0035, 2010-Ohio-
2944, ¶ 19.
{¶19} As noted, when dividing the parties’ interests after their remarriage, the trial court
treated the $38,550 mortgage pay-off from Husband’s sister as marital equity and divided it
equally between the parties. The court ordered Husband to pay Wife (1) her half of that money
($19,275), and (2) her remaining equity interest in the marital residence ($3,803.05), as
determined at the time of the original divorce and adjusted based on her decision to live there
post-divorce. On appeal, this Court ordered the trial court to vacate the $19,275 award to Wife
because the $38,550 pay-off did not amount to marital equity. Cherconis, 2016-Ohio-1140, at ¶
21. We further ordered the court to “make any adjustments necessary to the property division as
[were] within its discretion to make.” Id.
{¶20} On remand, the trial court vacated the $19,275 award. It determined that, at the
time Husband filed for a second divorce, the marital residence was valued at $150,000, but was
encumbered by a $31,410.59 mortgage. Thus, the court concluded that the residence had an 8
equity value of $118,589.41. The court then deducted Wife’s $3,803.05 separate equity interest
from that amount as well as a separate equity interest for Husband in the amount of $29,000.
The latter sum rested upon an assumption the court made about the parties’ intentions at the time
of the original decree. Specifically, it reasoned that, because the parties had agreed that Wife
had a $29,000 separate, equity interest in the marital residence when they first divorced,
Husband, “[b]y necessary implication,” also must have had an interest in that same amount. The
court ultimately concluded that there existed a net equity interest of $85,786.36 ($118,589.41
minus Wife’s $3,803.05 interest minus Husband’s $29,000 interest). It then went on to discuss
the mortgage payments that Husband had made following the first divorce.
{¶21} The trial court determined that 51 months elapsed between the parties’ first
divorce and February 1, 2012, the date that Husband had stopped paying the mortgage. It further
determined that, for 16 of those months, the parties were remarried. The court found that
Husband was entitled to a separate interest in the net equity for the 35 months he paid the
mortgage while divorced from Wife, but that both parties were entitled to a net equity interest for
the payments he made during their 16-month remarriage. To assign a value to those interests, the
court divided the net equity amount ($85,786.36) by 51, the total number of months that had
elapsed between the first divorce and the cessation of the mortgage payments. It then took that
amount ($1,682.09) and (1) multiplied it by 35 to arrive at Husband’s separate interest in the net
equity ($58,872.99); and (2) multiplied it by 16 to arrive at the marital share of the net equity
($26,913.37). The court awarded Wife half of the latter figure ($13,456.69), as well as her
outstanding $3,803.05 interest. Additionally, it awarded Wife half of Husband’s marital share of
the net equity ($6,728.34). 9
{¶22} Husband argues that the court erred when it awarded Wife half of his share of the
net equity. He argues that, in doing so, the court employed faulty reasoning and essentially
penalized him for complying with the terms of the parties’ original divorce decree. According to
Husband, Wife was only entitled to her half of the net equity, plus her remaining $3,803.05
separate, equity interest.
{¶23} When the parties first divorced, the marital residence became Husband’s separate
property with the exception of a $29,000 separate, equity interest in favor of Wife. The original
decree also provided for a reduction in Wife’s separate interest for each month she remained at
the marital residence. No appeal was taken from the original decree, so those interests became
res judicata. See Johns v. Johns, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26393, 2013-Ohio-557, ¶ 14, quoting
State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831, ¶ 59. Accordingly, when the parties
remarried, the marital residence was still Husband’s separate property. See R.C.
3105.171(A)(6)(a)(ii) (separate property includes real property acquired by one spouse prior to
the date of the marriage). Meanwhile, Wife’s separate interest had been reduced to $3,803.05 by
virtue of her choice to continue residing at the martial residence.
{¶24} “Any reduction in the amount of [a] * * * mortgage[] during [a] marriage by
payment of marital funds [is] marital property.” Ray v. Ray, 9th Dist. Medina No. 03CA0026-M,
2003-Ohio-6323, ¶ 8, quoting Charles v. Charles, 9th Dist. No. 96CA006396, 1997 WL 28247,
*4 (Jan. 22, 1997). Husband does not dispute the foregoing principle of law. He only questions
whether the court correctly calculated Wife’s additional equity interest. Accordingly, we limit
our review to that issue.
{¶25} To calculate Wife’s additional interest, the trial court essentially recalculated the
equity value of the marital residence and, in doing so, employed certain figures that lacked a 10
foundation in the record. It was error for the court to do so for two reasons. First, the court’s
decision encroached upon the parties’ first divorce proceedings wherein the equity value of the
martial residence became res judicata. See Johns at ¶ 14, quoting Ketterer at ¶ 59. Second, the
court’s decision exceeded the scope of this Court’s remand, wherein we only ordered it to vacate
a portion of its judgment and “make any adjustments necessary to the property division as [were]
within its discretion to make.” Cherconis, 2016-Ohio-1140, at ¶ 21.
{¶26} The record reflects that the trial court struggled to assign value to Wife’s
additional equity interest because the parties failed to introduce any evidence regarding the
changes in the principal mortgage balance on the marital residence. That is, there was no
evidence regarding the extent to which Husband decreased the mortgage principal by making
payments during the remarriage. This Court addressed a similar problem in Ray v. Ray.
{¶27} In Ray, this Court agreed that the appellant was entitled to an equitable portion of
a mortgage pay down that had occurred during her marriage. Ray at ¶ 8, quoting Charles, 1997
WL 28247, at *4. We could not “calculate the exact marital share of the mortgage pay down[,
however,] because there was insufficient evidence presented to the trial court on that issue.” Ray
at ¶ 11. Therefore, we remanded the case to the trial court “for the purpose of taking evidence on
[that] issue and recalculating the marital mortgage pay down and readjusting the property
division to allow for an equitable division of the marital property.” Id. This Court concludes
that the same remand is appropriate in this instance. Accordingly, the court’s judgment is
vacated, and the cause is remanded for the court to take evidence on the exact marital share of
the mortgage pay down during the parties’ remarriage and to “readjust[] the property division to
allow for an equitable division of the marital property.” Id. Husband’s second assignment of
error is sustained on that basis. 11
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY ORDERING THAT DEFENDANT-WIFE MAY LIVE RENT-FREE AT THE FORMER MARITAL HOME, WHICH IS NOW OWNED BY THE THIRD PARTY DEFENDANT-APPELLANT, AND NOT VACATE THAT HOME UNTIL 90 DAYS AFTER PLAINTIFF-HUSBAND BEGINS MAKING MONTHLY INSTALLMENT PAYMENTS TO DEFENDANT-WIFE TOWARDS THE PROPERTY SETTLEMENT WHICH PAYMENTS ARE TO BE TREATED AS SPOUSAL SUPPORT.
{¶28} In his third assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court abused its
discretion when it gave Wife 90 days from start of his first equity installment payment to vacate
the marital residence. According to Husband, the trial court “is essentially ordering that [Wife]
be able to live rent-free in [his sister’s] home * * *.”
{¶29} “Before an Ohio court can consider the merits of a legal claim, the person or
entity seeking relief must establish standing to sue.” ProgressOhio.org, Inc. v. JobsOhio, 139
Ohio St.3d 520, 2014-Ohio-2382, ¶ 7, quoting Ohio Pyro, Inc. v. Ohio Dept. of Commerce, Div.
of State Fire Marshal, 115 Ohio St.3d 375, 2007-Ohio-5024, ¶ 27. “In order to establish
standing, a party ‘must assert a personal stake in the outcome of the action * * *.’” Reynolds v.
HCR ManorCare, Inc., 9th Dist. Summit No. 27411, 2015-Ohio-2933, ¶ 13, quoting Bank of
Am., N.A. v. Kuchta, 141 Ohio St.3d 75, 2014-Ohio-4275, ¶ 23.
{¶30} It is undisputed that Husband deeded the marital residence to his sister in
exchange for her satisfying the outstanding mortgage on the property. Though the trial court
joined Husband’s sister as a party to this action, she has not appealed from the trial court’s
decision to allow Wife to continue to reside in the marital residence. Instead, Husband has
attempted to appeal on her behalf. Because Husband no longer has an interest in the marital
residence, however, this Court cannot conclude that he has a personal stake in the court’s 12
decision to allow Wife to stay there. See Reynolds at ¶ 13, quoting Kuchta at ¶ 23. Thus, his
third assignment of error is overruled for lack of standing.
III.
{¶31} Husband’s first and second assignments of error are sustained. His third
assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the Medina County Court of Common Pleas
is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent
with the foregoing opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
THOMAS A. TEODOSIO FOR THE COURT 13
HENSAL, P. J. CARR, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
JOSEPH F. SALZGEBER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
CAROLINE CHERCONIS, pro se, Appellee.