Chea v. Lite Star ESOP Committee

Opinion

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

11 LINNA CHEA, Case No. 1:23-cv-00647-JLT-SAB

12 Plaintiff, ORDER RE: STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 13 v. (ECF No. 70) 14 LITE STAR ESOP COMMITTEE, et al., 15 Defendants.

16 17 / / / 18 / / / 19 / / / 20 / / / 21 / / / 22 / / / 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / / / / 1 Pursuant to Local Rule 141.1 and Rule 26(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 2 Plaintiff Linna Chea and Defendants Lite Star ESOP Committee, B-K Lighting Inc., Nathan 3 Sloan, Kathleen A. Hagen, Kathleen A. Hagen, as legal successor to Douglas W. Hagen, Estate 4 of Douglas W. Hagen, Miguel Paredes, and Prudent Fiduciary Services, LLC, through counsel 5 undersigned, jointly submit this Stipulated Protective Order to govern the handling of 6 information and materials produced in the course of discovery or filed with the Court in advance 7 of trial in this action. 8 GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT PURSUANT TO L.R. 141.1(c) and F.R.C.P. 26(c) 9 Disclosure and discovery activity in this action are likely to involve production of 10 confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public 11 disclosure and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. 12 Accordingly, the parties hereby stipulate to and petition the Court to enter the following 13 Stipulated Protective Order. The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket 14 protections on all disclosures or responses to discovery, and that the protection it affords from 15 public disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to 16 confidential treatment under applicable legal principles. It is the intent of the parties and the 17 Court that information will not be designated as confidential for tactical reasons in this case, and 18 that nothing will be so designated without a good faith belief that there is good cause as to why 19 information should not be part of the public record. 20 Statement Under L.R. 141.1(c)(1): Examples of confidential information that the 21 parties may seek to protect from unrestricted or unprotected disclosure include: 22 a) Information that is the subject of a non-disclosure or confidentiality agreement or 23 obligation; 24 b) Agreements with third-parties; 25 c) Research and development information; 26 d) Information related to budgets, sales, profits, costs, margins, product pricing, or 27 other internal financial/accounting information, including non-public information related to 1 e) Information showing the price or other information related to the terms of sale or 2 purchase of products and materials relevant to this case; 3 f) Information related to internal operations, including personnel information; 4 g) Information related to past, current, and future market analyses and business and 5 marketing development, including plans, strategies, forecasts and competition; 6 h) personal identifying information such as social security numbers; 7 i) personal financial information such as income tax returns (including attached 8 schedules and forms), W-2 forms and 1099 forms; 9 j) Communications protected by the attorney-client privilege but subject to the “fiduciary 10 exception”; and 11 k) Trade secrets (as defined by the jurisdiction in which the information is located). 12 Statement Under L.R. 141.1(c)(2): Generally speaking, information and documents 13 shall only be designated under this protective order because the Designating Party believes the 14 information or documents are proprietary, confidential, privileged, and/or trade secret 15 information that the Designating Party would not release publicly. Unrestricted or unprotected 16 disclosure of such confidential, technical, commercial, or personal information may result in 17 prejudice or harm to the Producing Party by revealing the Producing Party’s competitive 18 confidential information. Accordingly, the parties respectfully submit that there is good cause for 19 the entry of this Protective Order. 20 Statement Under L.R. 141.1(c)(3): The parties submit that protecting the confidential 21 nature of information in this way will be most efficient for the parties and the Court. That is 22 because the liability issues in this case will involve the mutual exchange of documents and other 23 information that a party may consider to be its proprietary, confidential, and trade secret 24 information. Remedies issues in this case are likely to involve the mutual exchange of business- 25 and personal-sensitive financial and related information. The parties have met and conferred on 26 this issue and agree that any private agreement between the parties to safeguard this information 27 will only need to be replicated through orders of this Court at the time of filing dispositive or 1 PROTECTIVE ORDER 2 1. DEFINITIONS. 3 (a) The term “Challenging Party” shall mean a Party or Non-Party that challenges the 4 designation of information or items under this Order. 5 (b) The term “Confidential” shall mean information (regardless of how it is 6 generated, stored, or maintained) or tangible things that the Designating Party in good faith 7 reasonably believes will disclose confidential, proprietary and/or nonpublic financial, 8 commercial personal, business, or privileged information eligible for protection under the 9 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. “Confidential” information shall not include information that 10 either: (a) is in the public domain at the time of disclosure; (b) lawfully becomes part of the 11 public domain through no fault of the recipient, or (c) was lawfully in the procession of the 12 Receiving Party at the time of disclosure. 13 (c) The term “Counsel” shall mean the attorneys of record for any party in this action, 14 their associates, and their staff. If any party seeks to add counsel of record or substitute counsel 15 of record, then no “Confidential” Documents and information shall be disclosed to such 16 additional or substitute counsel until they have agreed to this stipulation by executing the 17 attached Exhibit A. 18 (d) The term “Designating Party” shall mean a Party or Non-Party that designates 19 information or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as 20 “Confidential.” 21 (e) The term “Documents” shall have the same meaning as the terms “documents and 22 electronically stored information” as used in Rule 34 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 23 (f) The term “Expert” shall mean a person with specialized knowledge or experience 24 in a matter pertinent to this litigation who has been retained by a Party to serve as an expert 25 witness or as a consultant in this litigation and who, at the time of retention, is not anticipated to 26 become an officer, director, or employee of a Party. Nothing in this Protective Order purports to 27 alter in any way the requirements for offering testimony under Fed. R. Evid. 703, or to define the 1 (g) The term “Non-Party” shall mean any natural person, partnership, corporation, 2 association, or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action. 3 (h) The term “Party” shall mean any natural person, partnership, corporation, 4 association, or other legal entity named as a party to this action, including all of their officers, 5 directors, employees, agents and consultants retained in the ordinary course of business. 6 (i) The term “Producing Party” shall mean a Party or Non-Party that produces 7 information or other discovery material in this action. 8 (j) The term “Professional Vendors” shall mean persons or entities that provide 9 litigation support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or 10 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and their 11 employees and subcontractors. 12 (k) The term “Protected Material” shall mean any information or other discovery 13 material that is designated as “Confidential.” 14 (l) The term “Receiving Party” shall mean a Party that receives information or other 15 discovery material from a Producing Party. 16 2. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL. 17 (a) Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. Each Party 18 or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this Order must take care 19 to limit any such designations. The Designating Party must designate for protection only those 20 parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written communications that qualify under the 21 appropriate standards so that other portions of the material, documents, items, or 22 communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within the 23 ambit of this Order. Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. 24 Designations that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper 25 purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber or retard the case development process or to impose 26 unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) expose the Designating Party to sanctions. 27 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it designated for 1 Parties that it is withdrawing the mistaken designation. 2 (b) Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this Order 3 or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, discovery material and information that qualify for 4 protection under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or 5 produced. The Designating Party must use reasonable efforts to ensure that the applicable 6 legend appears on each page of each file produced, as permitted by the particular format of a 7 given Document. 8 (c) Materials Subject to Designation. Each party to this litigation may designate any 9 Document, thing, interrogatory answer, admission, deposition testimony, and portions of such 10 materials, or other information that it has provided or which a third-party has provided as 11 “Confidential” in accordance with this Protective Order. The party designating such information 12 as “Confidential” shall be known as the “Designating Party” and the designation shall be set out 13 thereon. In designating Documents or information as “Confidential,” the Designating Party’s 14 counsel shall make a good faith determination, before applying the designation, that the 15 information warrants protection under Rule 26(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 16 (d) Designating Originals or Tangible Items. In the event the Producing Party elects 17 to produce original Documents and things for inspection rather than produce copies of 18 Documents, the Producing Party shall identify those original Documents or tangible items which 19 the Producing Party is designating as “Confidential” at the initial inspection. Thereafter, upon 20 selection of specified Documents for copying by the inspecting party, the Producing Party shall 21 mark the copies of such Documents as may contain protected subject matter with the appropriate 22 confidentiality marking at the time the copies are produced to the inspecting party. Said marking 23 shall not delay the production of the copies. Information obtained by counsel from initial review 24 of Documents or tangible items, whether in written form or not, shall be maintained as 25 “Confidential” pursuant to the Producing Party’s designations at the time of initial inspection, 26 unless such information is produced without a designation of confidentiality or as otherwise 27 agreed in writing by the Producing Party. 1 (e) Inadvertent Failures to Designate. An inadvertent failure to designate qualified 2 information or items does not, standing alone, waive the Designating Party’s right to secure 3 protection under this Order for such material, and a Party may designate a document as 4 “Confidential” after its initial production if the Producing Party timely determines that it should 5 have been so designated. A party or non-party who discloses or produces a confidential material 6 not designated as may, within a reasonable time after discovering the error, provide notice of the 7 error and produce a copy of the document designated as “Confidential.” Those in receipt of the 8 unmarked confidential document must return or destroy the unmarked copy, absent agreement of 9 the parties to the contrary. 10 Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable 11 efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the provisions of this Order. The 12 failure to designate certain documents as “Confidential” does not waive and shall not prejudice a 13 Party’s right to so designate similar material—that is, there shall be no “subject matter waiver” 14 with respect to failing to designate material as “Confidential”. 15 (f) Production by Non-Parties. The terms of this Order are applicable to information 16 produced by a Non-Party. Documents produced by Non-Parties shall be provisionally 17 designated as “Confidential” for a period of 14 days from the date of production, during which 18 period any Party may designate any portion of the production as “Confidential.” Any Party 19 issuing a subpoena to a Non-Party shall notify the Non-Party of the existence of this proposed or 20 entered Order and shall notify the Non-Party that it may designate material responsive to the 21 subpoena in accordance with this Order. Additionally, a Party may designate information 22 produced by a third party as “Confidential,” where the third party is in possession of a Party’s 23 Confidential Information and a Party determines that the third party has not appropriately 24 designated the information produced. 25 3. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS. 26 (a) Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a designation of 27 confidentiality at any time. A Party does not waive its right to challenge a confidentiality 1 disclosed. 2 (b) Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute resolution 3 process by providing written notice of each designation it is challenging and describing the basis 4 for each challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to whether a challenge has been made, the written 5 notice must recite that the challenge to confidentiality is being made in accordance with this 6 specific paragraph of the Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each challenge in 7 good faith and must begin the process of conferring within fourteen (14) days of the date of 8 service of notice. In conferring, the Challenging Party must explain the basis for its belief that 9 the confidentiality designation was not proper and must give the Designating Party an 10 opportunity to review the designated material, to reconsider the circumstances, and, if no change 11 in designation is offered, to explain the basis for the chosen designation. A Challenging Party 12 may proceed to the next stage of the challenge process only if it has engaged in this meet and 13 confer process first or establishes that the Designating Party is unwilling to participate in the 14 meet and confer process in a timely manner. 15 (c) Judicial Intervention. If the Parties cannot resolve a challenge without court 16 intervention, the Designating Party shall file and serve a motion to retain the confidentiality 17 designation within thirty (30) days of the initial notice of challenge or within seven (7) days of 18 the parties agreeing that the meet and confer process will not resolve their dispute, whichever is 19 later. Any motion seeking relief from the Court must comply with the Local Rules and standing 20 orders of the Court. Failure by the Designating Party to make such a motion within thirty (30) 21 days (or seven (7) days, if applicable), shall automatically waive the confidentiality designation 22 for each challenged designation. 23 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the Designating 24 Party. All parties shall continue to afford the material in question the level of protection to which 25 it is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the Court rules on the challenge. 26 4. ACCESS TO “CONFIDENTIAL” MATERIALS. 27 All information designated as “Confidential” shall not be disclosed to anyone other than: 1 b) Counsel; 2 c) The Court and its personnel; 3 d) Court reporters and/or videographers in the course of covering depositions and 4 other proceedings; 5 e) The author or recipient of the document or a custodian or other person who 6 otherwise possessed or knew the information; 7 f) Experts, consultants, and Professional Vendors retained by any Party or its 8 Counsel; and 9 g) Any mediator jointly hired by the Parties or appointed by the Court to facilitate a 10 potential resolution of the litigation. 11 All persons other than those identified in subsections (a)-(e) in the instant action to whom 12 “Confidential” information is disclosed shall read this Protective Order in advance of such 13 disclosure and agree in writing to be bound by its terms in the form of the certification contained 14 in Exhibit A. 15 “Confidential” information subject to this Protective Order shall be used by the 16 party(ies) to whom it is produced solely and exclusively for purposes of the above-captioned 17 litigation unless and until such designation is removed either by agreement of the Parties or by 18 order of the Court. 19 5. EXPERTS & CONSULTANTS. 20 (a) Persons Covered By This Provision. The procedure specified under Paragraph 21 6(b) shall apply to Experts expressly retained by Counsel to assist in the preparation of this 22 litigation for trial, whether or not the Expert is expected to testify at trial, as well as any 23 personnel who support such Expert’s work under the Expert’s direction and supervision, and 24 who are necessary for the completion of that work (“Support Personnel”). Disclosures to any 25 such Support Personnel are to be limited to only those disclosures necessary to assist the Expert. 26 (b) Procedure for Designating Experts & Consultants Under the Protective Order. As 27 a condition precedent to disclosure of any CONFIDENTIAL materials to an individual described 1 Support Personnel (if any) to execute the form of Exhibit A attached hereto. Such executed 2 Exhibit A shall be maintained by Counsel for the Receiving Party for the term of this Stipulated 3 Protective Order. 4 6. STORAGE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION BY RECEIVING PARTY. 5 The recipient of any Confidential materials provided under this Protective Order 6 (including copies or excerpts made thereof) shall maintain such information in a secure and safe 7 area, and shall exercise reasonable and proper care with respect to the storage, custody, use, 8 and/or dissemination of such information. 9 7. TREATMENT OF PROTECTED MATERIAL AT DEPOSITIONS IN THIS 10 LITIGATION. 11 (a) Procedure for Designating Transcript Sections as Protected Material. Whenever 12 following the parties’ Rule 26(f) conference a deposition taken on behalf of any party involves a 13 disclosure of “Confidential” Documents or information of any party, said deposition or portions 14 thereof shall be designated as containing “Confidential” subject to the provisions of this 15 Protective Order at the time the deposition is taken whenever possible; however, any Party shall 16 have until thirty (30) days after receipt of the final deposition transcript within which to 17 designate, in writing, those portions of the transcript it wishes to remain designated as 18 “Confidential” and the right to make such designation shall be waived unless made within the 19 thirty (30) day period. During such thirty (30) day period, the entirety of the transcript shall be 20 deemed designated ““Confidential”. 21 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN OTHER 22 LITIGATION. 23 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issues in another litigation that 24 compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as “Confidential” that 25 Party must: 26 (a) Promptly notify the Designating Party in writing. Such notification shall include a 27 copy of the subpoena or court order; 1 (b) Promptly notify, in writing, the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue in 2 the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order is subject to 3 this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; 4 and 5 (c) Cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by the 6 Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected. 7 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the 8 subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as 9 “Confidential” before a determination by the court from which the subpoena or order issued, 10 unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating Party shall 11 bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential material ― and 12 nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party 13 in this action to disobey a lawful directive from another court. 14 9. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL. 15 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed Protected 16 Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Stipulated Protective 17 Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (1) notify in writing the Designating Party of the 18 unauthorized disclosures, (2) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the 19 Protected Material, (3) inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were 20 made of all the terms of this Order, and (4) request such person or persons to execute the 21 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A. 22 10. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED 23 MATERIAL. 24 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain inadvertently 25 produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the obligations of the 26 Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B) and as 27 further set forth below. 1 If a Party inadvertently produces information subject to a claim of attorney-client, work 2 product, or other applicable privilege (“Privileged Information”), that disclosure shall not 3 constitute or be deemed a waiver or forfeiture of any claim of privilege that would otherwise be 4 available. If the Producing Party makes a claim of inadvertent disclosure, the Receiving Party 5 shall, within seven (7) days, return or destroy all copies of the Privileged Information and take 6 reasonable steps to retrieve the Privileged Information if disclosed to any third party, and provide 7 a certification of counsel that the Privileged Information has been returned or destroyed. Within 8 seven (7) days of such notification, the Designating Party must produce an overlay that removes 9 the Privileged Information. The Privileged Information shall thereafter be identified, as 10 appropriate, on the Producing Party’s privilege log, and the Receiving Party shall remain free to 11 challenge the claim that the Privileged Information is privileged. 12 If a Receiving Party believes that it has received Privileged Information, the Receiving 13 Party shall notify the Producing Party in writing promptly after such discovery. Within seven (7) 14 days of receiving such notice, the Producing Party shall inform the Receiving Party in writing of 15 an intent to claim privilege and provide a log of the Privileged Information. While it awaits a 16 response from the Producing Party, the Receiving Party shall refrain from reading or otherwise 17 using the Privileged Information. After being informed that the Producing Party intends to claim 18 privilege over the Privileged Information, the Receiving Party shall take the steps set forth in the 19 preceding paragraph. 20 Nothing contained herein is intended to or shall serve to limit a party’s right to conduct a 21 review of documents or ESI for relevance, responsiveness, privilege, or other protected 22 information before production. 23 The provisions of this section constitute an order pursuant to Federal Rules of Evidence 24 502(d) and (e). 25 11. FINAL DISPOSITION. 26 (a) Upon Termination of this Action. Within ninety (90) days after a final disposition 27 of the action, which shall include entry of final judgment and the exhaustion of all rights of 1 or destroy all Documents and things or transcripts of depositions, together with all copies 2 thereof, which have been designated “Confidential.” Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel 3 are entitled to retain an archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and 4 hearing transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert 5 reports, attorney work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if such materials 6 contain Protected Material. There shall be no obligation for Parties’ counsel to search their 7 emails for Protected Material and destroy any such emails/attachments containing Protected 8 Material. Any such archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject 9 to this Protective Order. Furthermore, the Parties and their Counsel may retain Confidential 10 Information if required to comply with applicable laws, rules, or regulations or internal 11 compliance requirements, and any Confidential Information that the Receiving Party believes 12 cannot reasonably be destroyed (such as electronic back-up or archive records). 13 (b) Continuing Obligations. The termination of proceedings in this action shall not 14 thereafter relieve a person to whom “Confidential” was disclosed from the obligation of 15 maintaining the confidentiality of such information in accordance with the provisions of this 16 Protective Order. 17 12. LIMITATIONS. 18 (a) Attorneys’ Right to Counsel Clients. Nothing in this Protective Order shall bar or 19 otherwise restrict any attorney herein from rendering legal advice to the attorney’s Party-client 20 with respect to this action, and in the course thereof, relying upon an examination of 21 “Confidential” Documents or information; provided, that in rendering such legal advice and in 22 otherwise communicating with the Party-client, the attorney shall not disclose any “Confidential” 23 Documents or information to anyone not authorized to receive such Documents, things, 24 materials, or information pursuant to the terms of this Protective Order. 25 (b) Filing Protected Materials. Any Documents produced in discovery, answers to 26 interrogatories, deposition transcripts, or other Documents that are filed with the Court for any 27 purpose and that incorporate information that is designated “Confidential” shall be filed in 1 (c) Reservation of Rights. Nothing in this Protective Order, nor the taking of any 2 action in accordance with the provisions of this Protective Order, nor the failure to object thereto, 3 shall be construed as a waiver or admission of any claim or defense of this action. Moreover, the 4 failure to designate information in accordance with this Order and the failure to object to a 5 designation at a given time shall not preclude the filing of a motion at a later date seeking to 6 impose such designation or challenging the propriety thereof. The entry of this Order shall not 7 be construed as a waiver of any right to object to the furnishing of information in response to 8 discovery or to object to a requested inspection of Documents or things, and, except as expressly 9 provided, shall not relieve any party of the obligation of producing information in the course of 10 discovery. This Order shall not in any way limit what the Producing Party may do with its own 11 Documents or information. 12 (d) The Parties will meet and confer in an attempt to agree upon a mechanism for 13 handling Confidential Information at any court hearing or trial. However, the final determination 14 as to how Confidential Information shall be handled will be made by the Court. 15 13. MISCELLANEOUS. 16 (a) Right to Seek Modification. The parties may, by written stipulation, provide for 17 exceptions to this Protective Order, and any Party may seek an order of this Court modifying or 18 interpreting this Protective Order. No stipulation amending this Protective Order will have the 19 force or effect of a Court order absent the Court’s written approval of it. 20 (b) Right to Further Relief. Nothing in the foregoing provisions of this Protective 21 Order shall be deemed to preclude any party from seeking and obtaining, on an appropriate 22 showing, additional protection with respect to the confidentiality or relief from this Protective 23 Order regarding matter designated as containing “Confidential.” 24 (c) Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to entry of this Protective Order, 25 no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or producing any 26 information on any ground not addressed in this Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party 27 waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by 1 COURT ORDER ENTERING STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 2 Pursuant to the stipulation of the parties and good cause appearing, IT IS HEREBY 3 | ORDERED that: 4 1. The above stipulated protective order is ENTERED; 5 2. The provisions of the parties’ stipulation and this protective order shall remain in 6 effect until further order of the Court; 7 3. The parties are advised that pursuant to the Local Rules of the United States 8 District Court, Eastern District of California, any documents which are to be filed 9 under seal will require a written request which complies with Local Rule 141; 10 4. The party making a request to file documents under seal shall be required to show 11 either good cause or compelling reasons to seal the documents, depending on the 12 type of filing, Pintos v. Pac. Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-78 (9th Cir. 13 2009); Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1101 (9th Cir. 14 2016); and 15 5. If a party’s request to file Protected Material under seal is denied by the Court, 16 then the previously filed material shall be immediately accepted by the court and 17 become information in the public record and the information will be deemed filed 18 as of the date that the request to file the Protected Information under seal was 19 made. 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. DAM Le 22 | Dated: _ February 20, 2025 _ ef STANLEY A. BOONE 23 United States Magistrate Judge 24 25 26 27 28