Chavis v. Dillard's, Inc.

80 So. 3d 1194, 11 La.App. 3 Cir. 827, 2011 La. App. LEXIS 1655, 2011 WL 6372965
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedDecember 21, 2011
DocketNo. 11-827
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 80 So. 3d 1194 (Chavis v. Dillard's, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Chavis v. Dillard's, Inc., 80 So. 3d 1194, 11 La.App. 3 Cir. 827, 2011 La. App. LEXIS 1655, 2011 WL 6372965 (La. Ct. App. 2011).

Opinion

SAUNDERS, Judge.

| jThis is a workers’ compensation case wherein an employee was denied a request by an employer to be classified as permanently and totally disabled. The workers’ compensation judge (WCJ) awarded the employee attorney’s fees, but denied her penalties. Both parties raised issues for review. We affirm and award the employee attorney’s fees for work done on appeal.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY:

In April 2004, Fannie Chavis (Chavis) was employed by Dillard’s, Inc. as a housekeeper. At that time, Chavis was a sexagenarian who had previously had a stroke and blood pressure problems, but worked without restrictions. During the course and scope of her employment, she was injured when several boxes of merchandise fell on her. Dillard’s Inc.’s workers’ compensation insurance company was Ace American Insurance Company (hereinafter Dillard’s, Inc. and Ace American Insurance Company are collectively referred to as “Dillard’s”).

Chavis was treated immediately after the accident at Christus St. Patrick Hospital and then with her primary care physician, Dr. Susan Jones. Thereafter, Dr. Jones referred Chavis to Dr. Clark Gun-derson, an orthopedic surgeon, who diagnosed her with two herniated discs at C4-5 and C5-6. On November 18, 2004, Chavis underwent a two-level fusion.

In July 2005, Dr. Gunderson released Chavis to light duty work with restrictions. Thereafter, due to continued pain and symptoms, Dr. Gunderson ordered another MRI. It showed that Chavis had an additional herniated disc at C3-4. Surgery was again recommended, but Chavis did not undergo the surgery due to blood pressure problems.

| {.Chavis was then sent to Dr. Gregory Gidman, another orthopedic surgeon, as the choice of physician by Dillard’s. Dr. Gidman felt that Chavis had reached maximum medical improvement and was able to perform sedentary work.

Dr. Gunderson gave his final opinion regarding Chavis’ ability to work on June 4, 2007. He found that she was able to perform sedentary work as a result of her cervical injuries. Dr. Gunderson subsequently released Chavis from his care, and she returned to Dr. Jones.

On September 18, 2009, Dr. Jones wrote a letter opining that Chavis was totally and permanently disabled. She based her opinion on Chavis’ complete circumstances of the work accident exacerbating her stroke residuals, shaking and weakness of the left hand and balance problems. Fur-thér, Chavis tested at a third grade level for reading, second grade level for spelling, and second grade level for math. Dr. Jones equated Chavis to a functional illiterate. Thus, according to Dr. Jones, Chavis lacks transferable skills and cannot perform her only previous work of housekeeping.

Dillard’s again sent Chavis to Dr. Gid-man, who reiterated his opinion that Chav-is could return to sedentary work. However, as before, Dr. Gidman’s opinion did not take all of Chavis’ conditions into consideration. His opinion was solely based on her cervical injuries. Dillard’s based its denial of reclassification of Chavis to permanently and totally disabled on this medical evidence.

Dillard’s, throughout the entire process of medical treatment, paid Chavis fully [1196]*1196indemnity benefits and sought to find her a job that fit within her restrictions. However, given her opinion of total and permanent disability, Dr. Jones iterated that no such job existed.

Chavis filed a disputed claim for compensation wherein the sole issue was disability status. At the time of the trial, Chavis was being paid supplemental yearnings benefits and has not been denied any access to, or payment of, medical treatment.

After the trial, the WCJ found that Chavis was permanently and totally disabled. Further, the WCJ awarded Chavis attorney’s fees, but not penalties. Dillard’s filed this appeal and raised one assignment of error. Chavis responded by raising an assignment of error and an ancillary matter.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR DILLARD’S:

The WCJ erred in awarding attorney’s fees to Chavis.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR CHAVIS:

The WCJ erred in failing to award penalties to Chavis.

DISCUSSION OF THE MERITS:

Dillard’s contends in its sole assignment of error that the WCJ erred in awarding attorney’s fees to Chavis. In her assignment of error, Chavis contends that the WCJ erred in failing to award her penalties. We find no merit to either of these contentions. We will address them under the same heading because the imposition of penalties and attorney’s fees are governed by the same standard of review and statutory provision.

Standard of Review:

“The determination of whether an employer or insurer should be cast with penalties and attorney fees in a workers compensation action is essentially a question of fact subject to the manifest error or clearly wrong standard of appellate review.” LeBlanc v. Excel Auto Parts, 11-58, pp. 4-5 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/1/11), 67 So.3d 687, 690 (citing Authement v. Shappert Engineering, 02-1631 (La.2/25/03), 840 So.2d 1181; LeJeune v. Bell Tower Corp., 09-1222 (La.App. 3 Cir. 4/7/10), 34 So.3d 464).

Attorney’s Fees:

|4Louisiana Revised Statutes 23:1201(F), in pertinent part, states, “[failure to provide payment in accordance with this Section ... shall result in the assessment of ... reasonable attorney fees for each disputed claim ...” This court, in Joiner v. Newberg Venture, 94-1533 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/3/95), 657 So.2d 206, dealt with an employer changing an employee’s benefits from temporary, total disability benefits to supplemental earnings benefits in an arbitrary, capricious manner without probable cause. In Joiner, we stated, “[t]he insurer must make reasonable efforts to ascertain the employee’s exact medical condition at the time benefits are terminated or changed.” Id., at 209 (citing Miles v. F.D. Shay Contractor, Inc., 626 So.2d 74 (La.App. 3 Cir.1993)).

Here, while the employer did not change the employee’s benefits, nor fail to pay the employee any benefit; it faced a request for a change in disability status and refused. Dillard’s bases its contention that attorney’s fees were improperly awarded on the fact that there was no indifference or undesirable conduct on its part that should have resulted in a penalty of any form. The WCJ felt otherwise, as it asserted that Dillard’s position that Chavis was not permanently and totally disabled was “unsupportable, untenable, and non-defensible. [sic]”

Dillard’s denied Chavis’ request to be classified as permanently and totally disabled based on the opinions of two ortho[1197]*1197pedic surgeons. Both physicians agreed that Chavis had reached maximum medical improvement and both released her to work with restrictions from her cervical injuries. However, neither orthopedic surgeon’s opinion was based on Chavis’ ability to perform work in light of her entire person, both physically and mentally.

Chavis’ treating family physician, Dr. Susan Jones, provided the only medical evidence directly on point regarding Chav-is’ ability to work when |,^considering her as a whole. Dr. Jones’ testimony on Chav-is’ ability to return to work is as follows:

Q Dr. Jones, do you believe that [Chavis] can perform any type of work?

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
80 So. 3d 1194, 11 La.App. 3 Cir. 827, 2011 La. App. LEXIS 1655, 2011 WL 6372965, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/chavis-v-dillards-inc-lactapp-2011.