STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
12-1032
CHARLOTTE FRANKLIN
VERSUS
CALCASIEU PARISH SCHOOL BOARD
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION – District 3 PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 11-06964 CHARLOTTE A. L. BUSHNELL, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
ELIZABETH A. PICKETT JUDGE
Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, James T. Genovese, and Shannon J. Gremillion, Judges.
AFFIRMED AND RENDERED.
Christopher M. Trahan Raggio, Cappel, Chozen & Berniard 1011 Lakeshore Drive, Suite 500 Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 436-9481 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: Calcasieu Parish School Board Mark Zimmerman Attorney at Law 4216 Lake Street Lake Charles, LA 70605 (337) 474-1644 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Charlotte Franklin PICKETT, Judge.
The defendant employer appeals the award of workers’ compensation
indemnity and medical benefits to claimant whose credibility was challenged. For
the following reasons, the awards are affirmed, and attorney fees are awarded for
work performed on this appeal.
FACTS
Charlotte Franklin began working for the Calcasieu Parish School Board
(CPSB) as a custodian at Sam Houston High School in 2005. She filed a Disputed
Claim Form on September 19, 2011, alleging that she had injured her back on
approximately June 2, 2011, while stripping floors at the school. Ms. Franklin
stated she was injured when her legs slipped apart as she was operating a machine
used to strip floors. She then explained that when her legs slipped, she held on to
the stripping machine which caused her body to twist and that the twisting of her
body caused pain in her lower back, buttocks, hips, underneath her ribs, and down
the back of her legs.
CPSB denied Ms. Franklin’s claim because her coworkers did not
corroborate that she told them she injured her back at work and because no
accident report was prepared. At trial, CPSB pointed out numerous inconsistencies
between Ms. Franklin’s deposition testimony and her trial testimony as to when
and how she injured her back, who she told about her injury, and when and what
she told them about her injury. Despite these inconsistencies, the workers’
compensation judge (WCJ) concluded that Ms. Franklin carried her burden of
proof and awarded her indemnity and medical benefits. The WCJ also determined,
however, that CPSB reasonably controverted Ms. Franklin’s claim and denied her claims for penalties and attorney fees. CPSB appealed; Ms. Franklin answered the
appeal, seeking an award of attorney fees for work performed on appeal.
DISCUSSION
CPSB assigns one error: the WCJ erred in concluding that Ms. Franklin
carried her burden of proof of entitlement to workers’ compensation benefits. In a
workers’ compensation action, the employee has the burden of proving by a
preponderance of the evidence that she suffered “personal injury by accident
arising out of and in the course of his employment.” Marange v. Custom Metal
Fabricators, Inc., 11-2678, p. 2 (La. 7/2/12), 93 So.3d 1253, 1257; La.R.S.
23:1031(A). Accident is defined as “an unexpected or unforeseen actual,
identifiable, precipitous event happening suddenly or violently, with or without
human fault, and directly producing at the time objective findings of an injury
which is more than simply a gradual deterioration or progressive degeneration.”
La.R.S. 23:1021(1).
An employee can prove an unwitnessed accident with her testimony alone if
“(1) no other evidence discredits or casts serious doubt upon [her] version of the
accident; and (2) [her] testimony is corroborated by the circumstances following
the alleged incident.” Marange, 93 So.3d at 1257. The employee’s testimony may
be corroborated by the testimony of coworkers, spouses, or friends, or by medical
evidence. Ardoin v. Firestone Polymers, L.L.C., 10-245 (La. 1/19/11), 56 So.3d
215 (citing Bruno v. Harbert Int’l, Inc., 593 So.2d 357 (La.1992)). The WCJ’s
determinations that an employee is credible and that she satisfied her burden of
proof are factual determinations that should not be disturbed by a reviewing court
unless the determinations are “clearly wrong . . . absent a showing of manifest
error.” Bruno, 593 So.2d at 361.
2 CPSB contends the WCJ’s finding that Ms. Franklin carried her burden of
proof was erroneous because (1) the WCJ did not make a specific finding as to
Ms. Franklin’s credibility and (2) Ms. Franklin’s claim was contradicted by her
coworkers’ testimony. In cases such as this one, where the fact finder concludes
that a party carried her burden of proof, a credibility determination can be implied
from that finding. Douglas v. Grey Wolf Drilling Co., 03-515 (La.App. 3 Cir.
11/5/03), 858 So.2d 830. Accordingly, CPSB’s first contention lacks merit.
An appellate court cannot reverse a WCJ’s factual findings that are based on
a reasonable credibility evaluation if the record “furnishes [a] reasonable factual
basis for the trial court’s finding.” Marange, 93 So.3d at 1258 (quoting Canter v.
Koehring Co., 283 So.2d 716, 724 (La.1973)). When, as here, “there is a conflict
in the testimony, reasonable evaluations of credibility and reasonable inferences of
fact should not be disturbed upon review, even though the appellate court may feel
that its own evaluations and inferences are as reasonable.” Id.
Contrary to CPSB’s claims, Ms. Franklin’s claim that she was injured in the
course and scope of her employment in June 2011 is corroborated by
circumstances following her alleged accident. Misty King, Ms. Franklin’s
daughter, testified her mother related to her that “she got hurt working the big
machine at work.” Ms. King further testified that after her mother injured herself,
she observed Ms. Franklin had problems rising from a seated position and that she
could not do housework or her normal daily activities.
Shayne Matte, one of Ms. Franklin’s coworkers, also corroborated her claim,
though he initially seemed to contradict it. Counsel for CPSB asked Mr. Matte the
following about whether she reported her accident to him:
She has told us that she suffered an accident at work early in June of 2011. She’s told us that she was working that day with you, 3 Jacob, and Linda Chesson. She’s told us that she was using a floor stripping type machine when she -- when her legs split apart[,] and she said she pulled them back together. She’s told us that when this happened, you and Jacob and Linda had gone down the hall somewhere to get water. She says that when you all got back as a group, the three of you all, that she immediately told all three of you that she had hurt herself while using the floor stripper. My question to you is: Did she ever report an accident of that type to you last summer?
Mr. Matte answered: “No, sir, not that I remember.”
During examination by counsel for Ms. Franklin, Mr. Matte testified that
Ms. Franklin “complain[ed] a lot” of her back hurting during the month of June.
He further testified that all the employees were involved in stripping the floors and
that the women used the stripping machine. This testimony contradicted the
testimony of their coworker Linda Chesson and their supervisor, Bonnie Guillory.
The WCJ questioned Mr. Matte to clarify his testimony as to whether
Ms. Franklin reported that she injured her back at work, asking: “You said you
don’t remember if Ms. Charlotte reported to you that she was hurt?” Mr. Matte
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STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
12-1032
CHARLOTTE FRANKLIN
VERSUS
CALCASIEU PARISH SCHOOL BOARD
**********
APPEAL FROM THE OFFICE OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION – District 3 PARISH OF CALCASIEU, NO. 11-06964 CHARLOTTE A. L. BUSHNELL, WORKERS’ COMPENSATION JUDGE
ELIZABETH A. PICKETT JUDGE
Court composed of Elizabeth A. Pickett, James T. Genovese, and Shannon J. Gremillion, Judges.
AFFIRMED AND RENDERED.
Christopher M. Trahan Raggio, Cappel, Chozen & Berniard 1011 Lakeshore Drive, Suite 500 Lake Charles, LA 70601 (337) 436-9481 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: Calcasieu Parish School Board Mark Zimmerman Attorney at Law 4216 Lake Street Lake Charles, LA 70605 (337) 474-1644 COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE: Charlotte Franklin PICKETT, Judge.
The defendant employer appeals the award of workers’ compensation
indemnity and medical benefits to claimant whose credibility was challenged. For
the following reasons, the awards are affirmed, and attorney fees are awarded for
work performed on this appeal.
FACTS
Charlotte Franklin began working for the Calcasieu Parish School Board
(CPSB) as a custodian at Sam Houston High School in 2005. She filed a Disputed
Claim Form on September 19, 2011, alleging that she had injured her back on
approximately June 2, 2011, while stripping floors at the school. Ms. Franklin
stated she was injured when her legs slipped apart as she was operating a machine
used to strip floors. She then explained that when her legs slipped, she held on to
the stripping machine which caused her body to twist and that the twisting of her
body caused pain in her lower back, buttocks, hips, underneath her ribs, and down
the back of her legs.
CPSB denied Ms. Franklin’s claim because her coworkers did not
corroborate that she told them she injured her back at work and because no
accident report was prepared. At trial, CPSB pointed out numerous inconsistencies
between Ms. Franklin’s deposition testimony and her trial testimony as to when
and how she injured her back, who she told about her injury, and when and what
she told them about her injury. Despite these inconsistencies, the workers’
compensation judge (WCJ) concluded that Ms. Franklin carried her burden of
proof and awarded her indemnity and medical benefits. The WCJ also determined,
however, that CPSB reasonably controverted Ms. Franklin’s claim and denied her claims for penalties and attorney fees. CPSB appealed; Ms. Franklin answered the
appeal, seeking an award of attorney fees for work performed on appeal.
DISCUSSION
CPSB assigns one error: the WCJ erred in concluding that Ms. Franklin
carried her burden of proof of entitlement to workers’ compensation benefits. In a
workers’ compensation action, the employee has the burden of proving by a
preponderance of the evidence that she suffered “personal injury by accident
arising out of and in the course of his employment.” Marange v. Custom Metal
Fabricators, Inc., 11-2678, p. 2 (La. 7/2/12), 93 So.3d 1253, 1257; La.R.S.
23:1031(A). Accident is defined as “an unexpected or unforeseen actual,
identifiable, precipitous event happening suddenly or violently, with or without
human fault, and directly producing at the time objective findings of an injury
which is more than simply a gradual deterioration or progressive degeneration.”
La.R.S. 23:1021(1).
An employee can prove an unwitnessed accident with her testimony alone if
“(1) no other evidence discredits or casts serious doubt upon [her] version of the
accident; and (2) [her] testimony is corroborated by the circumstances following
the alleged incident.” Marange, 93 So.3d at 1257. The employee’s testimony may
be corroborated by the testimony of coworkers, spouses, or friends, or by medical
evidence. Ardoin v. Firestone Polymers, L.L.C., 10-245 (La. 1/19/11), 56 So.3d
215 (citing Bruno v. Harbert Int’l, Inc., 593 So.2d 357 (La.1992)). The WCJ’s
determinations that an employee is credible and that she satisfied her burden of
proof are factual determinations that should not be disturbed by a reviewing court
unless the determinations are “clearly wrong . . . absent a showing of manifest
error.” Bruno, 593 So.2d at 361.
2 CPSB contends the WCJ’s finding that Ms. Franklin carried her burden of
proof was erroneous because (1) the WCJ did not make a specific finding as to
Ms. Franklin’s credibility and (2) Ms. Franklin’s claim was contradicted by her
coworkers’ testimony. In cases such as this one, where the fact finder concludes
that a party carried her burden of proof, a credibility determination can be implied
from that finding. Douglas v. Grey Wolf Drilling Co., 03-515 (La.App. 3 Cir.
11/5/03), 858 So.2d 830. Accordingly, CPSB’s first contention lacks merit.
An appellate court cannot reverse a WCJ’s factual findings that are based on
a reasonable credibility evaluation if the record “furnishes [a] reasonable factual
basis for the trial court’s finding.” Marange, 93 So.3d at 1258 (quoting Canter v.
Koehring Co., 283 So.2d 716, 724 (La.1973)). When, as here, “there is a conflict
in the testimony, reasonable evaluations of credibility and reasonable inferences of
fact should not be disturbed upon review, even though the appellate court may feel
that its own evaluations and inferences are as reasonable.” Id.
Contrary to CPSB’s claims, Ms. Franklin’s claim that she was injured in the
course and scope of her employment in June 2011 is corroborated by
circumstances following her alleged accident. Misty King, Ms. Franklin’s
daughter, testified her mother related to her that “she got hurt working the big
machine at work.” Ms. King further testified that after her mother injured herself,
she observed Ms. Franklin had problems rising from a seated position and that she
could not do housework or her normal daily activities.
Shayne Matte, one of Ms. Franklin’s coworkers, also corroborated her claim,
though he initially seemed to contradict it. Counsel for CPSB asked Mr. Matte the
following about whether she reported her accident to him:
She has told us that she suffered an accident at work early in June of 2011. She’s told us that she was working that day with you, 3 Jacob, and Linda Chesson. She’s told us that she was using a floor stripping type machine when she -- when her legs split apart[,] and she said she pulled them back together. She’s told us that when this happened, you and Jacob and Linda had gone down the hall somewhere to get water. She says that when you all got back as a group, the three of you all, that she immediately told all three of you that she had hurt herself while using the floor stripper. My question to you is: Did she ever report an accident of that type to you last summer?
Mr. Matte answered: “No, sir, not that I remember.”
During examination by counsel for Ms. Franklin, Mr. Matte testified that
Ms. Franklin “complain[ed] a lot” of her back hurting during the month of June.
He further testified that all the employees were involved in stripping the floors and
that the women used the stripping machine. This testimony contradicted the
testimony of their coworker Linda Chesson and their supervisor, Bonnie Guillory.
The WCJ questioned Mr. Matte to clarify his testimony as to whether
Ms. Franklin reported that she injured her back at work, asking: “You said you
don’t remember if Ms. Charlotte reported to you that she was hurt?” Mr. Matte
responded: “I do remember her talking about her back being injured, but I don’t
remember her telling me that [it] was because of the stripping of the floor.”
Ms. Franklin acknowledges that she has numerous health conditions,
including diabetes mellitus II, fibromyalgia, and arthritis, and that she often
complained of pain before injuring herself at CPSB, but she points to her medical
treatment after her injury as additional corroboration of her claims. On June 2,
2011, she went to a nurse practitioner for a follow up of her diabetes. On that date,
she complained “of severe low back pain, arthritis pain in hands and pain in
general all over.” She related that she had “been using heavy equipment at work
this week[,] and [it] has really caused some pain.” The Review of Systems portion
of that office visit note states, in part: “Musco: Joint Pains - Leg Swelling-,
4 Myalgia-, Pain in hand-, Pain in lower back- No Arthritis Pain, Edema, Muscle
cramps, Other, Pain in ankle, Pain in hip, Pain in knee, Pain in mid back, Pain in
neck, Pain in shoulder, Pain in wrist, Weakness.” After conducting a physical
examination of Ms. Franklin’s back and extremities, the nurse practitioner noted
“lumbar tenderness” and “Joints severe pain with palpation over bilateral SI joints.
Multiple moderate to severe tenderpoints upper and lower extremities.”
Comparison of Ms. Franklin’s previous visit on May 2, 2011, to her June 2,
2011 visit shows her physical condition had clearly declined during that one month
interval. The May 2, 2011 office visit note reflects that Ms. Franklin did not
complain of back pain, hand pain, or joint pain on that date and that examination of
her spine showed her spinal curvature was normal and her spine and musculature
were “non tender.” Ms. Franklin’s condition continued to worsen after her June 2,
2011 visit. Her nurse practitioner prescribed physical therapy which initially
progressed well. Approximately three months after beginning therapy, however,
Ms. Franklin began complaining to her physical therapist of soreness and pain and
“catching along the bilateral SI joint.” He suspected the increased pain and
catching were related to her use of the treadmill which he believed caused sacral
inflammation. The physical therapist recommended that Ms. Franklin not be
allowed to return to work due to the heavy lifting requirements of her job.
Ms. Franklin was referred to an orthopedic surgeon who opined that she had
a probable “HNP” (herniated nucleus pulposus) at L4-5 and recommended that she
undergo an MRI and attend physical therapy. CPSB refused to pay the cost of this
recommended treatment.
Our review of the record reveals no basis for the reversal of the WCJ’s
determination that Ms. Franklin carried her burden of proof. Evidence exists that
5 casts doubt upon Ms. Franklin’s testimony regarding her accident, but other
testimony and medical evidence corroborate her claims. Accordingly, the WCJ’s
judgment has not been shown to be clearly wrong or manifestly erroneous, and it
must be affirmed.
Ms. Franklin answered the appeal, seeking an award of attorney fees for the
work performed by her attorney on appeal. We award $2,500.00 for the work her
attorney performed on appeal.
DISPOSITION
The workers’ compensation judge’s judgment is affirmed, and Ms. Franklin
is awarded attorney fees in the amount of $2,500.00 for work performed on appeal.
All costs are assessed to Calcasieu Parish School Board.