COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Willis, Frank and Clements
CHARLES EDWARD REED, III MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 0466-01-4 PER CURIAM AUGUST 14, 2001 MICHAEL ABBOTT HERSAM AND REBECCA ANN HERSAM
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF STAFFORD COUNTY James W. Haley, Jr., Judge
(Timothy W. Barbrow, on brief), for appellant.
No brief for appellee Michael Abbott Hersam.
(Rebecca Ann Hersam, pro se, on brief).
Charles Edward Reed, III, contends the trial judge erred in
finding that (1) Reed's continued relationship with his
illegitimate child, CJR, would be detrimental to the child; (2)
the adoption of CJR by Michael Hersham was in the child's best
interests; and (3) he unreasonably withheld consent to that
adoption. Upon reviewing the record and the briefs of the
parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the commission's decision. See
Rule 5A:27.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. BACKGROUND
Under familiar principles, we review the evidence on appeal
in the light most favorable to the party who prevailed below,
giving it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.
See Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795
(1990). On January 24, 2001, the trial court conducted a hearing
on Michael and Rebecca Hersam's petition to adopt CJR. 1 Reed,
CJR's biological father, was incarcerated at the time of CJR's
birth and has remained continuously incarcerated since that time.
Rebecca Ann Hersam, nee Rebecca Ann John (mother), gave birth to
CJR on May 26, 1995. Reed and mother never married. CJR was six
years old at the time of the hearing.
Mother testified that she took CJR, who was then less than
one year old, to visit appellant "on a couple of occasions while
he was in a local jail." Due to the inappropriateness of the
setting and because Reed focused more on mother than CJR, mother
stopped the visitation. The last visit took place when CJR was
approximately one year old. Mother acknowledged that Reed had
written letters to CJR; however, she felt that his "references to
criminal activity" were inappropriate for a child.
William Tignor, Director of the Stafford County Department of
Social Services, investigated the Hersams' petition for adoption,
1 The record does not contain a transcript of the hearing; therefore, we rely on the recitation of facts from the written statement of facts signed by the trial judge.
- 2 - conducted a home study, and prepared a report that was admitted
into the record. Tignor found the home clean and well-furnished.
According to Tignor, the Hersams "are wonderful parents, very good
with kids. They treat their children with love, consideration,
and patience." CJR is in excellent health and his mental and
emotional development are normal. He enjoys "a warm and loving
relationship with the [Hersams]." Mother's husband, Michael
Hersam, "is the only father that [CJR] has known." Tignor
indicated in his report that CJR "has no knowledge of his
biological father and has no relationship with him." Moreover, he
reported that Reed has a "violent, possessive personality" and
that the mother was fearful of him. Based on Reed's
circumstances, Tignor opined that his refusal to consent to the
adoption unreasonably withheld an opportunity for CJR "to have
permanence." Tignor unequivocally found the Hersams to be
suitable parents for adoption.
Mother married Michael Hersam (Hersham) on July 27, 1996.
Hersam has been a self-employed truck driver for eleven years. He
owns his own truck, makes $60,000 per year, and provides health
and life insurance for himself, the mother, CJR and the Hersams'
other three children. Mother ceased all contact with Reed in 1996
when he advised her of his activities in prison, such as gambling,
taking drugs and joining a gang. Hersam has supported CJR since
1996, and CJR refers to his stepfather as "Dad."
- 3 - Reed testified that he "is serving a 70 year sentence, with
50 years suspended." The sentences were the result of 1989
convictions involving six burglaries and six larcenies. He was on
probation when he fathered CJR out of wedlock and when he
committed acts which led to his present incarceration. He became
eligible for parole in 1997, but has been turned down every year.
On August 17, 2000, Reed was denied parole due to "his serious
disregard for property rights and his previous failure to obey
laws while on probation." Reed's mandatory release date is August
11, 2007. A Department of Corrections report admitted at the
hearing indicated that Reed's "anticipated" release dates "are
based on the assumption that [Reed] will continue to earn good
time" and that he will not have "good time" credits deducted "as a
result of misbehavior." Reed testified that "he suffered from
medical problems which limit his ability to work while
incarcerated and will interfere and hamper his job opportunities
upon his release."
Reed's father testified that mother "brought [CJR] to his
home for less than 10 visits in 1995" and that he sent small sums
of money to the child on special occasions.
The trial court found that Reed withheld his consent contrary
to the best interests of CJR and that a continued relationship
would be detrimental to the child's welfare. The trial court
further found "that no relationship had ever existed between Mr.
Reed and his child due in part to" Reed's criminal activity.
- 4 - ANALYSIS
"An adoption over objection by a natural parent should not
be granted except upon clear and convincing evidence that the
adoption would be in a child's best interest and that it would
be detrimental to continue the natural parent-child
relationship." Frye v. Spotte, 4 Va. App. 530, 532, 359 S.E.2d
315, 317 (1987). "The trial court's decision, when based upon
an ore tenus hearing, is entitled to great weight and will not
be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence
to support it." Id. at 537, 359 S.E.2d at 319-20. An adoption
of a child may be ordered without the birth parent's consent "if
that parent's consent to the adoption is being withheld 'contrary
to best interests of the child as set forth in [Code]
§ 63.1-225.1.'" Hickman v. Futty, 25 Va. App. 420, 426, 489
S.E.2d 232, 234 (1997) (citation omitted).
Code § 63.1-225.1 provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
In determining whether the valid consent of any person whose consent is required is withheld contrary to the best interests of the child, . . . the court shall consider whether the failure to grant the petition for adoption would be detrimental to the child. In determining whether the failure to grant the petition would be detrimental to the child, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including the birth parent(s)' efforts to obtain or maintain legal and physical custody of the child, whether the birth parent(s)' efforts to assert parental rights were thwarted by other people, the birth parent(s)' ability to care for the child, the age of the child, the quality of any previous relationship
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Willis, Frank and Clements
CHARLES EDWARD REED, III MEMORANDUM OPINION * v. Record No. 0466-01-4 PER CURIAM AUGUST 14, 2001 MICHAEL ABBOTT HERSAM AND REBECCA ANN HERSAM
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF STAFFORD COUNTY James W. Haley, Jr., Judge
(Timothy W. Barbrow, on brief), for appellant.
No brief for appellee Michael Abbott Hersam.
(Rebecca Ann Hersam, pro se, on brief).
Charles Edward Reed, III, contends the trial judge erred in
finding that (1) Reed's continued relationship with his
illegitimate child, CJR, would be detrimental to the child; (2)
the adoption of CJR by Michael Hersham was in the child's best
interests; and (3) he unreasonably withheld consent to that
adoption. Upon reviewing the record and the briefs of the
parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit.
Accordingly, we summarily affirm the commission's decision. See
Rule 5A:27.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. BACKGROUND
Under familiar principles, we review the evidence on appeal
in the light most favorable to the party who prevailed below,
giving it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom.
See Farley v. Farley, 9 Va. App. 326, 328, 387 S.E.2d 794, 795
(1990). On January 24, 2001, the trial court conducted a hearing
on Michael and Rebecca Hersam's petition to adopt CJR. 1 Reed,
CJR's biological father, was incarcerated at the time of CJR's
birth and has remained continuously incarcerated since that time.
Rebecca Ann Hersam, nee Rebecca Ann John (mother), gave birth to
CJR on May 26, 1995. Reed and mother never married. CJR was six
years old at the time of the hearing.
Mother testified that she took CJR, who was then less than
one year old, to visit appellant "on a couple of occasions while
he was in a local jail." Due to the inappropriateness of the
setting and because Reed focused more on mother than CJR, mother
stopped the visitation. The last visit took place when CJR was
approximately one year old. Mother acknowledged that Reed had
written letters to CJR; however, she felt that his "references to
criminal activity" were inappropriate for a child.
William Tignor, Director of the Stafford County Department of
Social Services, investigated the Hersams' petition for adoption,
1 The record does not contain a transcript of the hearing; therefore, we rely on the recitation of facts from the written statement of facts signed by the trial judge.
- 2 - conducted a home study, and prepared a report that was admitted
into the record. Tignor found the home clean and well-furnished.
According to Tignor, the Hersams "are wonderful parents, very good
with kids. They treat their children with love, consideration,
and patience." CJR is in excellent health and his mental and
emotional development are normal. He enjoys "a warm and loving
relationship with the [Hersams]." Mother's husband, Michael
Hersam, "is the only father that [CJR] has known." Tignor
indicated in his report that CJR "has no knowledge of his
biological father and has no relationship with him." Moreover, he
reported that Reed has a "violent, possessive personality" and
that the mother was fearful of him. Based on Reed's
circumstances, Tignor opined that his refusal to consent to the
adoption unreasonably withheld an opportunity for CJR "to have
permanence." Tignor unequivocally found the Hersams to be
suitable parents for adoption.
Mother married Michael Hersam (Hersham) on July 27, 1996.
Hersam has been a self-employed truck driver for eleven years. He
owns his own truck, makes $60,000 per year, and provides health
and life insurance for himself, the mother, CJR and the Hersams'
other three children. Mother ceased all contact with Reed in 1996
when he advised her of his activities in prison, such as gambling,
taking drugs and joining a gang. Hersam has supported CJR since
1996, and CJR refers to his stepfather as "Dad."
- 3 - Reed testified that he "is serving a 70 year sentence, with
50 years suspended." The sentences were the result of 1989
convictions involving six burglaries and six larcenies. He was on
probation when he fathered CJR out of wedlock and when he
committed acts which led to his present incarceration. He became
eligible for parole in 1997, but has been turned down every year.
On August 17, 2000, Reed was denied parole due to "his serious
disregard for property rights and his previous failure to obey
laws while on probation." Reed's mandatory release date is August
11, 2007. A Department of Corrections report admitted at the
hearing indicated that Reed's "anticipated" release dates "are
based on the assumption that [Reed] will continue to earn good
time" and that he will not have "good time" credits deducted "as a
result of misbehavior." Reed testified that "he suffered from
medical problems which limit his ability to work while
incarcerated and will interfere and hamper his job opportunities
upon his release."
Reed's father testified that mother "brought [CJR] to his
home for less than 10 visits in 1995" and that he sent small sums
of money to the child on special occasions.
The trial court found that Reed withheld his consent contrary
to the best interests of CJR and that a continued relationship
would be detrimental to the child's welfare. The trial court
further found "that no relationship had ever existed between Mr.
Reed and his child due in part to" Reed's criminal activity.
- 4 - ANALYSIS
"An adoption over objection by a natural parent should not
be granted except upon clear and convincing evidence that the
adoption would be in a child's best interest and that it would
be detrimental to continue the natural parent-child
relationship." Frye v. Spotte, 4 Va. App. 530, 532, 359 S.E.2d
315, 317 (1987). "The trial court's decision, when based upon
an ore tenus hearing, is entitled to great weight and will not
be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence
to support it." Id. at 537, 359 S.E.2d at 319-20. An adoption
of a child may be ordered without the birth parent's consent "if
that parent's consent to the adoption is being withheld 'contrary
to best interests of the child as set forth in [Code]
§ 63.1-225.1.'" Hickman v. Futty, 25 Va. App. 420, 426, 489
S.E.2d 232, 234 (1997) (citation omitted).
Code § 63.1-225.1 provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
In determining whether the valid consent of any person whose consent is required is withheld contrary to the best interests of the child, . . . the court shall consider whether the failure to grant the petition for adoption would be detrimental to the child. In determining whether the failure to grant the petition would be detrimental to the child, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including the birth parent(s)' efforts to obtain or maintain legal and physical custody of the child, whether the birth parent(s)' efforts to assert parental rights were thwarted by other people, the birth parent(s)' ability to care for the child, the age of the child, the quality of any previous relationship
- 5 - between the birth parent(s) and the child and between the birth parent(s) and any other minor children, the duration and suitability of the child's present custodial environment and the effect of a change of physical custody on the child.
Under the statute, "not only must the prospective adoptive
placement serve the child's best interests, but the continued
relationship with the non-consenting parent must prove to be
detrimental." Hickman, 25 Va. App. at 431, 489 S.E.2d at 237.
Applying this standard, we have held as follows:
Detriment is determined, as it was under the prior case law, by considering the non-consenting parent's fitness, or ability, to parent the child as well as the relationship the non-consenting parent maintains with the child and other children, if any. That relationship, as it was under the prior case law, is evaluated in terms of the non-consenting parent's willingness to provide for the child, that parent's record of asserting parental rights, taking into consideration the extent to which, if any, such efforts were thwarted by other people, and the quality of the parent-child relationship.
Id. at 431-32, 489 S.E.2d at 237.
"Finding that the continuation of a poor, strained or nonexistent parent-child relationship will be detrimental to a child's future welfare is difficult. No one can divine with any assurance the future course of human events. Nevertheless, past actions and relationships over a meaningful period serve as good indicators of what the future may be expected to hold. Trial courts may, when presented with clear and convincing evidence, make an informed and rational judgment and determine that the continued relationship between a child and a
- 6 - non-consenting parent will be detrimental to the child's welfare."
Linkous v. Kingery, 10 Va. App. 45, 56, 390 S.E.2d 188, 194 (1990)
(quoting Frye, 4 Va. App. at 536, 359 S.E.2d at 319).
Moreover,
a child need not be in a desperate situation before an adoption may be ordered over the natural parent's objection. Each case must be carefully considered on its own facts and circumstances and a showing of abandonment, unfitness or other extreme parental misconduct, while significant, does not always have to be shown before the adoption may be granted without parental consent.
Frye, 4 Va. App. at 536, 359 S.E.2d at 319.
The evidence supports the trial court's findings that Reed's
continued relationship with CJR would be detrimental to the child,
that the adoption of CJR by Hersam was in the child's best
interest and that Reed unreasonably withheld consent to the
adoption.
Reed, who has been incarcerated the child's entire life, has
had no relationship with CJR. Moreover, it was Reed's criminal
activity that thwarted him from seeing CJR and establishing any
relationship. The child, who was six years old at the time of the
hearing, knows little if anything about Reed and certainly does
not view Reed as his father. The evidence indicated that Reed has
made inappropriate references in correspondence to CJR and that
Reed has an aggressive personality of which mother is
apprehensive. Even if Reed is released in 2007, he and CJR, who
- 7 - would be twelve at the time, would be virtual strangers. Reed's
ability to work and support CJR is limited due to medical
problems. Meanwhile, CJR lives in a caring and loving environment
with his mother and the only man he has ever identified as his
father. The Hersams provide CJR with financial and emotional
support, and the child is thriving with the only family he has
ever known. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is
affirmed.
- 8 -