COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, AtLee and Senior Judge Clements UNPUBLISHED
CHARLENE COLE MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 2207-14-3 PER CURIAM AUGUST 4, 2015 HENRY-MARTINSVILLE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRY COUNTY David V. Williams, Judge
(Laura E. Frazier, on brief), for appellant.
(Mark B. Holland; Kimble Reynolds, Jr., Guardian ad litem for the minor children; Haymore & Holland, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
Charlene Cole (mother) appeals the orders terminating her parental rights to her minor
children, T.T.C-M. and T.T.S.C-M. Mother argues that the trial court erred by ruling that there was
clear and convincing evidence (1) to terminate mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2) and (2) that mother’s prior termination of parental rights was involuntary.
Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without
merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.1
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 On March 9, 2015, appellant filed a “Motion for Amended Notice of Appeal.” Upon consideration thereof, we grant that motion. Mother and Lawrence Martin are the parents to T.T.C-M and T.T.S.C-M. On January 4,
2013, T.T.C-M. was born. On January 7, 2013, the Department removed him from his parents’
custody because of alleged abuse and neglect. On May 17, 2013, the Henry County Juvenile and
Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) found that the child was abused and neglected
and entered a child protective order. It ordered mother to cooperate with services recommended,
including mental health treatment. It also ordered her to take her medicine as prescribed.
Furthermore, the JDR court ordered mother and father to engage in counseling and maintain a
stable home. On November 4, 2013, the Department filed a petition to terminate mother’s
parental rights to T.T.C-M.
On November 3, 2013, T.T.S.C-M. was born. On November 4, 2013, the Department
removed her from her parents’ custody since mother’s other child was abused and neglected and
removed from her care. On March 13, 2014, the Department filed a petition to terminate
mother’s parental rights to T.T.S.C-M.
On April 4, 2014, the JDR court terminated mother’s parental rights to her two children.2
Mother appealed to the circuit court. On August 28, 2014, the circuit court heard evidence and
argument in the matter. The Department presented evidence from Terri Hatcher, who supervised
mother’s visitations with the children. She testified that mother had been diagnosed with
schizophrenic personality disorder. During the visitations, mother exhibited “unusual behavior.”
Her mood would change rapidly, and the Department was forced to end a visitation due to safety
concerns. The Department presented evidence that mother refused to take her medications from
January until November 2013, when she was involuntarily committed to a secured psychiatric
2 The JDR court also terminated Martin’s parental rights to the children. He appealed to the circuit court, and the circuit court reversed the JDR court’s ruling.
-2- facility. From November until December 2013, mother continued to refuse her medications until
a Special Justice ordered the administration of antipsychotic drugs over mother’s objections.
In addition, the Department entered into evidence orders from New York showing that
mother’s parental rights to two older children had been involuntarily terminated due to abuse and
neglect. Mother did not object to the admission of these exhibits.
Mother testified that she understood that she had a mental illness. She said that she was
taking her medications and would continue to do so.
On September 2, 2014, the circuit court issued a letter opinion. It found that mother “has
a mental illness that she has little insight into and is of such severity that there is no reasonable
expectation that the mother would be able to undertake responsibility for the care needed by the
children in accordance with their ages and stages of development.” The trial court also found
that mother has had her parental rights terminated with respect to two other children. The trial
court held that it was in the best interests of the children to terminate mother’s parental rights.
On October 15, 2014, the circuit court entered orders terminating mother’s parental rights to
T.T.C-M. and T.T.S.C-M. pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B), (C)(2), and (E)(i). This appeal
followed.
ANALYSIS
“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16
(1986) (citations omitted).
When considering termination of parental rights, “the paramount consideration of a trial
court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463.
-3- Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2)
Mother argues that the trial court erred in terminating her parental rights pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(B)3 and (C)(2)4 because the Department failed “to present clear and convincing
evidence sufficient to satisfy the time requirements of both Code sections.” Mother states that
T.T.C-M. was placed in foster care in January 2013, and the Department filed a petition to
terminate mother’s parental rights on November 4, 2013. Then, the Department filed a petition
to terminate mother’s parental rights to T.T.S.C-M. four months after that child was placed in
foster care.
With respect to Code § 16.1-283(B), the statute does not mandate that the Department
wait twelve months before it pursues termination of parental rights. Instead, the statute refers to
3 Code § 16.1-283(B) states a parent’s parental rights may be terminated if:
1. The neglect or abuse suffered by such child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development; and 2. It is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child’s safe return to his parent or parents within a reasonable period of time. In making this determination, the court shall take into consideration the efforts made to rehabilitate the parent or parents by any public or private social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies prior to the child’s initial placement in foster care.
4 A court may terminate parental rights if:
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, AtLee and Senior Judge Clements UNPUBLISHED
CHARLENE COLE MEMORANDUM OPINION* v. Record No. 2207-14-3 PER CURIAM AUGUST 4, 2015 HENRY-MARTINSVILLE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HENRY COUNTY David V. Williams, Judge
(Laura E. Frazier, on brief), for appellant.
(Mark B. Holland; Kimble Reynolds, Jr., Guardian ad litem for the minor children; Haymore & Holland, P.C., on brief), for appellee.
Charlene Cole (mother) appeals the orders terminating her parental rights to her minor
children, T.T.C-M. and T.T.S.C-M. Mother argues that the trial court erred by ruling that there was
clear and convincing evidence (1) to terminate mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2) and (2) that mother’s prior termination of parental rights was involuntary.
Upon reviewing the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without
merit. Accordingly, we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.1
BACKGROUND
We view the evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below and grant
to it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. See Logan v. Fairfax Cnty. Dep’t of
Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128, 409 S.E.2d 460, 463 (1991).
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. 1 On March 9, 2015, appellant filed a “Motion for Amended Notice of Appeal.” Upon consideration thereof, we grant that motion. Mother and Lawrence Martin are the parents to T.T.C-M and T.T.S.C-M. On January 4,
2013, T.T.C-M. was born. On January 7, 2013, the Department removed him from his parents’
custody because of alleged abuse and neglect. On May 17, 2013, the Henry County Juvenile and
Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) found that the child was abused and neglected
and entered a child protective order. It ordered mother to cooperate with services recommended,
including mental health treatment. It also ordered her to take her medicine as prescribed.
Furthermore, the JDR court ordered mother and father to engage in counseling and maintain a
stable home. On November 4, 2013, the Department filed a petition to terminate mother’s
parental rights to T.T.C-M.
On November 3, 2013, T.T.S.C-M. was born. On November 4, 2013, the Department
removed her from her parents’ custody since mother’s other child was abused and neglected and
removed from her care. On March 13, 2014, the Department filed a petition to terminate
mother’s parental rights to T.T.S.C-M.
On April 4, 2014, the JDR court terminated mother’s parental rights to her two children.2
Mother appealed to the circuit court. On August 28, 2014, the circuit court heard evidence and
argument in the matter. The Department presented evidence from Terri Hatcher, who supervised
mother’s visitations with the children. She testified that mother had been diagnosed with
schizophrenic personality disorder. During the visitations, mother exhibited “unusual behavior.”
Her mood would change rapidly, and the Department was forced to end a visitation due to safety
concerns. The Department presented evidence that mother refused to take her medications from
January until November 2013, when she was involuntarily committed to a secured psychiatric
2 The JDR court also terminated Martin’s parental rights to the children. He appealed to the circuit court, and the circuit court reversed the JDR court’s ruling.
-2- facility. From November until December 2013, mother continued to refuse her medications until
a Special Justice ordered the administration of antipsychotic drugs over mother’s objections.
In addition, the Department entered into evidence orders from New York showing that
mother’s parental rights to two older children had been involuntarily terminated due to abuse and
neglect. Mother did not object to the admission of these exhibits.
Mother testified that she understood that she had a mental illness. She said that she was
taking her medications and would continue to do so.
On September 2, 2014, the circuit court issued a letter opinion. It found that mother “has
a mental illness that she has little insight into and is of such severity that there is no reasonable
expectation that the mother would be able to undertake responsibility for the care needed by the
children in accordance with their ages and stages of development.” The trial court also found
that mother has had her parental rights terminated with respect to two other children. The trial
court held that it was in the best interests of the children to terminate mother’s parental rights.
On October 15, 2014, the circuit court entered orders terminating mother’s parental rights to
T.T.C-M. and T.T.S.C-M. pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B), (C)(2), and (E)(i). This appeal
followed.
ANALYSIS
“Where, as here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great
weight and will not be disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support
it.” Martin v. Pittsylvania Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20, 348 S.E.2d 13, 16
(1986) (citations omitted).
When considering termination of parental rights, “the paramount consideration of a trial
court is the child’s best interests.” Logan, 13 Va. App. at 128, 409 S.E.2d at 463.
-3- Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2)
Mother argues that the trial court erred in terminating her parental rights pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(B)3 and (C)(2)4 because the Department failed “to present clear and convincing
evidence sufficient to satisfy the time requirements of both Code sections.” Mother states that
T.T.C-M. was placed in foster care in January 2013, and the Department filed a petition to
terminate mother’s parental rights on November 4, 2013. Then, the Department filed a petition
to terminate mother’s parental rights to T.T.S.C-M. four months after that child was placed in
foster care.
With respect to Code § 16.1-283(B), the statute does not mandate that the Department
wait twelve months before it pursues termination of parental rights. Instead, the statute refers to
3 Code § 16.1-283(B) states a parent’s parental rights may be terminated if:
1. The neglect or abuse suffered by such child presented a serious and substantial threat to his life, health or development; and 2. It is not reasonably likely that the conditions which resulted in such neglect or abuse can be substantially corrected or eliminated so as to allow the child’s safe return to his parent or parents within a reasonable period of time. In making this determination, the court shall take into consideration the efforts made to rehabilitate the parent or parents by any public or private social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies prior to the child’s initial placement in foster care.
4 A court may terminate parental rights if:
The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed twelve months from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).
-4- a “reasonable period of time” for the parent to substantially correct or eliminate the conditions
that resulted in the abuse or neglect.
On the other hand, Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) states that a parent has been unwilling or
unable, within a reasonable period of time, “not to exceed twelve months from the date the child
was placed in foster care,” to remedy substantially the conditions that led to the child being
placed in, and remaining in, foster care. This statute establishes a twelve-month limit for the
parent to correct the problems.
The twelve-month time limit established by Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) was designed to prevent an indeterminate state of foster care “drift” and to encourage timeliness by the courts and social services in addressing the circumstances that resulted in the foster care placement. “This provision protects the family unit and attendant rights of both parents and child, while assuring resolution of the parent/child relationship without interminable delay.” Lecky v. Reed, 20 Va. App. 306, 312, 456 S.E.2d 538, 540 (1995). The legislation established a reasonably presumptive time frame of twelve months for parents to receive rehabilitative services to enable them to correct the conditions that led to foster care placement. “The statute clearly contemplates that efforts to resolve the ‘conditions’ relevant to termination are constrained by time.” Id. If the parent fails to substantially remedy those conditions within twelve months the court may act to prevent the child from lingering in foster care.
L.G. v. Amherst Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 41 Va. App. 51, 56-57, 581 S.E.2d 886, 889 (2003).
“The time limit does not, however, temporally restrict the trial court’s consideration to events
that occurred between the parent and child only during that discrete twelve-month time period to
the exclusion of what may have occurred before and after those dates.” Id. at 57, 581 S.E.2d at
889 (citing Roanoke City Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Heide, 35 Va. App. 328, 337, 544 S.E.2d 890,
894 (2001)).
Contrary to mother’s arguments, she had a reasonable period of time to substantially
correct the conditions which resulted in the children being placed in foster care. For T.T.C-M.,
mother did not seek medical treatment for her mental illness until she was involuntarily -5- committed and forced to take her medications by a Special Justice. Mother was involuntarily
committed in November 2013, and T.T.C-M. had been in foster care since January 2013. For
T.T.S.C-M., mother had not resolved the conditions when the child was born in November.
Although mother testified at the circuit court hearing that she was taking her medications,
the circuit court found that mother lacked insight into her mental illness and was not capable of
taking care of the children. She had not substantially remedied the problems, even though by the
time of the circuit court hearing, T.T.C-M. had been in foster care for more than eighteen
months.
“It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy period of time waiting
to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or her] responsibilities.”
Kaywood v. Halifax Cnty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540, 394 S.E.2d 492, 495
(1990).
Based on the record, the circuit court did not err in terminating mother’s parental rights
pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2).
Code § 16.1-283(E)(i)
Mother argues that the trial court erred by terminating her parental rights pursuant to
Code § 16.1-283(E)(i) because she contends the evidence did not prove that her parental rights
were involuntarily terminated. When a trial court’s judgment is made on alternative grounds, we
need only consider whether any one of the alternatives is sufficient to sustain the judgment of the
trial court, and if so, we need not address the other grounds. See Fields v. Dinwiddie Cnty.
Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8, 614 S.E.2d 656, 659 (2005) (the Court affirmed
termination of parental rights under one subsection of Code § 16.1-283 and did not need to
address termination of parental rights pursuant to another subsection). Therefore, we will not
-6- consider whether the trial court erred in terminating mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code
§ 16.1-283(E)(i).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.
Affirmed.
-7-