GANTT, J.
This is an appeal from a decree of partition by the circuit court of Benton county, Missouri. The land is the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter, and the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter, of section fifteen, and the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section twenty-two, all in township forty-one of range twenty-one, containing 120 acres, more or less. The suit was brought to the August term, 1900, of the circuit court of Benton county, and trial was had and the judgment rendered in favor of plaintiffs at the December term, 1900.
It is admitted on all sides that John M. Brown is the common source of title from whom both plaintiffs and defendants claim. The testimony discloses that the said John M. Brown died in the year 1883, seized in fee of the above land, and leaving as his only heirs at law his six children, four of whom, and the widow, and the heirs at law of the fifth son, are plaintiffs herein, the sixth child being Amanda Brown. In the years 1885 and 1886, by proper deeds of conveyance from all of said children except Amanda Brown, one Christ Brunkhorst acquired their five-sixths interest in said land, which said five-sixths interest has by deeds of [243]*243conveyance been conveyed to the defendant George F. Kullman, who has incumbered the same with a deed of trust to tbe other defendants. The deeds under which defendant Kullman claims only purport to convey a five-sixths interest in said land, but the said defendant asserts title to the remaining one-sixth interest which is claimed by the plaintiffs by virtue of ten years’ adverse possession. The one-sixth interest inherited by Amanda Brown is the bone of contention in this case.
The evidence tends to show that Amanda Brown resided at the home of her father, John M. Brown, or worked out at various places in this State until about the year 1883, when she went to Texas; that the family heard from her at various times until sometime in the year 1884, when they received a letter from her at San Antonio, Texas, in which she stated that yellow fever was raging there and people were dying like hogs, and that she was coming home in a short time. From that time until the commencement of this action nothing has been heard from or about Amanda Brown, though the family wrote various letters to her, receiving no reply. At the time Amanda Brown left Missouri for Texas, she was a single woman and had no children, and there is no evidence showing that she owed any debts. The plaintiffs insist that the absence of Amanda Brown under such circumstances for sixteen years raises a presumption of her death, and that as her only heirs they are now entitled to her one-sixth interest in said land.
The defendant’s claim to one-sixth interest is under the ten-year Statute of Limitation, which he pleads. On this question the testimony in his behalf is undisputed that he and those under whom he claims have been in actual possession of said land during all of such period, and have cultivated the same and made some improvements thereon. But the plaintiffs insist there is no evidence of an ouster of Amanda Brown or those claiming under her, or that her title was ever disputed until the [244]*244institution of this suit, and point to the fact that all the deeds under which defendants claim title, the last being dated in 1896, four years before the beginning of this suit, only convey five-sixths interest in said land, and that all the facts relating to the possession by the defendant and those under whom he claims show that there was nothing to indicate that it was adverse to the plaintiffs, but only such a possession as any tenant in common may have. In the circuit court the defendant interposed a plea in bar on the ground that at the commencement of the suit he was in possession of the land adversely to plaintiffs, and a separate trial was had on this question resulting adversely to the defendant, to which he took no exceptions.
I. For the first time in this litigation and without having raised it by plea, motion for new trial or otherwise, in the circuit court, defendant claims that the partition should not have been decreed until administration had been had upon the estate of Amanda and John W. Brown, and cites us to section 4384, Revised Statutes 1899, which provides that where lands sought to be divided in partition “shall have descended to any of the parties in interest, and the court shall not be satisfied either that the estate from which the same has descended has been finally settled, and all claims against the same fully discharged, or that the personal property, or other real property not already partitioned, belonging to such estate, is more than sufficient to pay all claims and demands against the same, the order of distribution shall not apply to nor take effect upon any of the lands allotted or adjudged to the parties whose interest shall have so descended, until such estate shall have been finally settled and all claims against the same discharged," and also Mills v. Mills, 140 Mo. 195, in which it clearly appeared that Mrs. Mills had a fee simple title in the homestead of her husband and also that she was indebted, and that there was not sufficient personal property or other, real estate to satisfy the same. Of the [245]*245correctness of that opinion there can he no doubt whatever. It is obvious, however, that the facts upon which this point rests in this case are radically different from those in that case. In this ease there was absolutely no evidence of any indebtedness against the estate of Amanda Brown, or John W. Brown. If 1884 is to be taken as the date of her death, sixteen years had elapsed. When it is considered that no creditor had ever sought to have an administration upon the estate of Amanda Brown, and there was a total absence of any effort to show that she was indebted at the time of her death, we think that the circuit court would have been fully justified in finding either that there were no debts, or that they had been fully satisfied, and it follows that the objection now raised for the first time is not well taken. We have not been able to find any case where partition has been refused unless it affirmatively appeared that there were outstanding debts. In Minear v. Hogg, 94 Iowa 641, a petition for partition showed that more than four years had elapsed since the testator’s death, but failed to allege that the estate had been finally settled and it was held not demurrable, the court holding that it must be presumed, nothing appearing to the contrary, that the estate had been settled, and that it devolved upon the defense to show that there was not enough personal property to pay debts.
II. It is urged, however, by the defendant, that there is no statutory presumption that Amanda Brown is dead, that this presumption under our statute applies only where one who has been or now is a resident of this State has heretofore gone from and has not returned to this State, but that in this case Amanda Brown moved to Texas to live and no presumption of death arises from her failure to return. Whereas, the plaintiffs insist that our statute above referred to does not change the common-law rule as to presumption of death. Both sides rely upon Wheelock v. Overshiner, 110 Mo. 113, in which this court simply applied the statutory pre[246]*246sumption as to one who was a resident, or had been such, of this State. In Flood v. Growney, 126 Mo. l. c. 264, Burgess, J., speaking for the court, quoted with approval the rule laid down in 1 Am. and Eng. Ency.
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GANTT, J.
This is an appeal from a decree of partition by the circuit court of Benton county, Missouri. The land is the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter, and the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter, of section fifteen, and the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section twenty-two, all in township forty-one of range twenty-one, containing 120 acres, more or less. The suit was brought to the August term, 1900, of the circuit court of Benton county, and trial was had and the judgment rendered in favor of plaintiffs at the December term, 1900.
It is admitted on all sides that John M. Brown is the common source of title from whom both plaintiffs and defendants claim. The testimony discloses that the said John M. Brown died in the year 1883, seized in fee of the above land, and leaving as his only heirs at law his six children, four of whom, and the widow, and the heirs at law of the fifth son, are plaintiffs herein, the sixth child being Amanda Brown. In the years 1885 and 1886, by proper deeds of conveyance from all of said children except Amanda Brown, one Christ Brunkhorst acquired their five-sixths interest in said land, which said five-sixths interest has by deeds of [243]*243conveyance been conveyed to the defendant George F. Kullman, who has incumbered the same with a deed of trust to tbe other defendants. The deeds under which defendant Kullman claims only purport to convey a five-sixths interest in said land, but the said defendant asserts title to the remaining one-sixth interest which is claimed by the plaintiffs by virtue of ten years’ adverse possession. The one-sixth interest inherited by Amanda Brown is the bone of contention in this case.
The evidence tends to show that Amanda Brown resided at the home of her father, John M. Brown, or worked out at various places in this State until about the year 1883, when she went to Texas; that the family heard from her at various times until sometime in the year 1884, when they received a letter from her at San Antonio, Texas, in which she stated that yellow fever was raging there and people were dying like hogs, and that she was coming home in a short time. From that time until the commencement of this action nothing has been heard from or about Amanda Brown, though the family wrote various letters to her, receiving no reply. At the time Amanda Brown left Missouri for Texas, she was a single woman and had no children, and there is no evidence showing that she owed any debts. The plaintiffs insist that the absence of Amanda Brown under such circumstances for sixteen years raises a presumption of her death, and that as her only heirs they are now entitled to her one-sixth interest in said land.
The defendant’s claim to one-sixth interest is under the ten-year Statute of Limitation, which he pleads. On this question the testimony in his behalf is undisputed that he and those under whom he claims have been in actual possession of said land during all of such period, and have cultivated the same and made some improvements thereon. But the plaintiffs insist there is no evidence of an ouster of Amanda Brown or those claiming under her, or that her title was ever disputed until the [244]*244institution of this suit, and point to the fact that all the deeds under which defendants claim title, the last being dated in 1896, four years before the beginning of this suit, only convey five-sixths interest in said land, and that all the facts relating to the possession by the defendant and those under whom he claims show that there was nothing to indicate that it was adverse to the plaintiffs, but only such a possession as any tenant in common may have. In the circuit court the defendant interposed a plea in bar on the ground that at the commencement of the suit he was in possession of the land adversely to plaintiffs, and a separate trial was had on this question resulting adversely to the defendant, to which he took no exceptions.
I. For the first time in this litigation and without having raised it by plea, motion for new trial or otherwise, in the circuit court, defendant claims that the partition should not have been decreed until administration had been had upon the estate of Amanda and John W. Brown, and cites us to section 4384, Revised Statutes 1899, which provides that where lands sought to be divided in partition “shall have descended to any of the parties in interest, and the court shall not be satisfied either that the estate from which the same has descended has been finally settled, and all claims against the same fully discharged, or that the personal property, or other real property not already partitioned, belonging to such estate, is more than sufficient to pay all claims and demands against the same, the order of distribution shall not apply to nor take effect upon any of the lands allotted or adjudged to the parties whose interest shall have so descended, until such estate shall have been finally settled and all claims against the same discharged," and also Mills v. Mills, 140 Mo. 195, in which it clearly appeared that Mrs. Mills had a fee simple title in the homestead of her husband and also that she was indebted, and that there was not sufficient personal property or other, real estate to satisfy the same. Of the [245]*245correctness of that opinion there can he no doubt whatever. It is obvious, however, that the facts upon which this point rests in this case are radically different from those in that case. In this ease there was absolutely no evidence of any indebtedness against the estate of Amanda Brown, or John W. Brown. If 1884 is to be taken as the date of her death, sixteen years had elapsed. When it is considered that no creditor had ever sought to have an administration upon the estate of Amanda Brown, and there was a total absence of any effort to show that she was indebted at the time of her death, we think that the circuit court would have been fully justified in finding either that there were no debts, or that they had been fully satisfied, and it follows that the objection now raised for the first time is not well taken. We have not been able to find any case where partition has been refused unless it affirmatively appeared that there were outstanding debts. In Minear v. Hogg, 94 Iowa 641, a petition for partition showed that more than four years had elapsed since the testator’s death, but failed to allege that the estate had been finally settled and it was held not demurrable, the court holding that it must be presumed, nothing appearing to the contrary, that the estate had been settled, and that it devolved upon the defense to show that there was not enough personal property to pay debts.
II. It is urged, however, by the defendant, that there is no statutory presumption that Amanda Brown is dead, that this presumption under our statute applies only where one who has been or now is a resident of this State has heretofore gone from and has not returned to this State, but that in this case Amanda Brown moved to Texas to live and no presumption of death arises from her failure to return. Whereas, the plaintiffs insist that our statute above referred to does not change the common-law rule as to presumption of death. Both sides rely upon Wheelock v. Overshiner, 110 Mo. 113, in which this court simply applied the statutory pre[246]*246sumption as to one who was a resident, or had been such, of this State. In Flood v. Growney, 126 Mo. l. c. 264, Burgess, J., speaking for the court, quoted with approval the rule laid down in 1 Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, page 38, that, “The rule now is general that a person shown not to have been heard of for seven years by those (if any), who, if he had been living, would natrally have heard of him, is presumed to be dead, unless the circumstances of the case are such as to account for his not being heard of without assuming his death.” Now, in this case it definitely appears that Amanda Brown went to Texas about the year 1883, and that prior to that year she resided with her relatives in Benton county. In 1884 she advised them that the yellow fever was raging in San Antonio, where she wás living, and that she intended to return to Missouri. No unfriendliness or estrangement from any of her relatives appears in the evidence, and it appears that after receiving her letter in regard to the fever, the family wrote her various letters to which they received no reply. We think it is clear that, whether we regard Amanda Brown as a resident of this State when she left her father’s home in 1883 and went to Texas, or whether we assume that she went there to acquire a domicile and take up her residence there, in either case, the fact being that she has not been heard from by any of her family, and that there are no other circumstances in evidence which reasonably account for her not having been heard from, she must be presumed to have been dead at the end of seven years from the time she was last heard from in 1884, and therefore, her share in the estate sought to be partitioned could be legitimately divided. But there is no presumption that she died at any particular time within the seven years. [22 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2 Ed.), 1249.]
The inference sought to be drawn by the defendant that Amanda Brown died in 1884, and therefore the guardian’s deed conveyed the interest of two of her [247]*247minor brothers in their father’s estate would be sufficient also to carry their interest in her estate, is not well taken. Moreover, there was no plea of any outstanding title in Christ Brunkhorst, and the deed shows that defendant and those under whom he claims never asserted any such claim, and the court properly so held.
III. The only evidence tending to prove that Amanda Brown was ever married, and that, therefore, she had issue surviving her, was the purely hearsay testimony of witness Nave. We have read all of that evidence, and fully agree with the circuit judge that it was entirely insufficient to justify him in finding that she was ever married.
IY. Having disposed of these questions, we are brought now to the consideration of the adverse possession by the defendant, and his claim that an action of partition cannot be maintained against him by one out of possession. On this question the rule is well settled in this State that the possession of one joint tenant is the possession of all other joint tenants until facts amounting to an actual ouster are shown, and this must be done by some unequivocal act asserting an exclusive ownership, of which the cotenants who are not in actual possession must have actual or constructive notice. [Colvin v. Hauenstein, 110 Mo. 575; Hutson v. Hutson, 139 Mo. 229; Rozier v. Griffith, 31 Mo. 171.]
We think the evidence amply justified the circuit court in finding that there had been no disseizin of the plaintiffs. All the deeds under which defendant claims purported to convey simply five-sixths interest in the land in controversy, and one of those deeds was executed and recorded subsequent to the time when most of the improvements were made upon which defendant relies to show exclusive possession. The record of these in the county certainly give no notice to anyone that the defendant claimed more than five-sixths of this land, or that he asserted in any way any title to the share of [248]*248Amanda Brown. Prima facie the defendant was simply claiming and asserting title in subordination to bis recorded deeds and bis possession under those circumstances was in no sense an unequivocal and notorious claim of the entire title to the tract of land, and was not such as to give the plaintiffs either actual or constructive notice of any disseizin by him.
The circuit court found that there was no adverse possession of the land, and we think his finding on that question was correct. [Campbell v. Laclede Gas Co., 84 Mo. 352, 374.]
V. The point is now made that the petition did not set out facts from which the defendant derived his title. It did allege specifically that he was the owner of the undivided five-sixths interest in the land. Even if a motion to make more definite would have been sustained, by going to trial the defendant waived this objection. [Reilly v. Cullen, 159 Mo. 322.] We have carefully examined all the assignments of error in this case, and are unable to find any reversible error in the record; accordingly the judgment of the circuit court of Benton county must be and is affirmed.
Burgess, P. J., and Fox, J., concur.