Hooker, J.
Clark Jones was one of eight brothers and sisters. He died a suicide on January 21, 1906, at Shreveport, La. On December 17, 1905, he was the owner of a farm and some personal property, which last included two certificates of deposit for the sums of $600 and $1,800, respectively, and two promissory notes, an uncollected claim for $30.29, and an interest in the estates of his father and mother, then in process of settlement, and practically ready for distribution. He had been in the habit of keeping the aforesaid certificates and notes in the safe of his sister Mrs. Eddy, the defendant, at her home, and after his death these papers were found to be indorsed in blank by him, as appears from her testimony, she having been called as a witness for the complainant at the hear[595] ing in the circuit court. She testified, in answer to questions asked by complainant’s counsel, that she had cashed the checks and deposited the money in her own name, collected the claim for $30.29 and the interest on the notes; that she had loaned $300 upon a mortgage, and after-wards sold it for an interest in some land owned in common by herself and two sisters, upon which land she resided, and paid her $100 in addition to the mortgage. She expended $800 upon a barn which she erected upon the same premises. She bought a team, wagon, farming implements, buggy, harness, etc. She paid for the removal and burial of Clark Jones, and at the time she testified had some money and some notes left of the property. So much appears in the direct examination by complainant’s counsel of the defendant. The complainant is the administrator of the estate of Clark Jones. He filed a bill in equity for discovery, claiming that defendant’s actions, doings, and claim of ownership were fraudulent, that there was danger of the property being disposed of by her, and lost to the estate of Clark Jones, and praying that a decree be made adjudging that the said money, promissory notes, and the lands purchased with the money obtained by defendant constitute a trust fund for said estate, and for a lien upon any and all lands of said defendant upon which she had used any of said money in making improvements, and that it be sold to pay all such sums, and that she be required to convey to the estate all property purchased by her with any of said money. An injunction pendente lite was prayed and issued.
The defendant claims that she became the owner of all of said property, except the farm (which is not in disputé) by gift from her brother Clark Jones in December, 1905, about the time he left home. It is claimed, on her behalf, that this proceeding is not a proper one, for the reason that there is an adequate remedy at law. To maintain her claim to the property, the defendant brought out, through cross-examination of the defendant, the following testimony: Clark Jones lived at Troy, 16 miles from de[596] fendant’s home. He went to her home the evening before he left home, and his papers were then in the safe. They had a conversation as follows:
“ He asked me to open the safe so that he could fix the money so that I could get it. I opened the safe. I did not take out the papers myself. I knew they were there. He went to the safe and took the papers. I didn’t see him indorse them. I found them there that morning that he went away. It was that morning that he asked me to open the safe. After he left I found them there, and they had his indorsementon each one of them, the certificates and the notes. After he went out of the house he went to the barn. He asked me if my nephew had come in from the barn, and I told him no, and he went to the barn. I don’t know of my own knowledge that he talked with my nephew. * * * My nephew’s name is Earl R. Leland. He talked with me after my brother went away, the same morning after I had last seen my brother. * * * My nephew said that Clark said for me to deposit the money in my own name so that I could have the same to use, and it would be handy for him to use when he was up North to send him some. I was not married at that time. I was living in the old homestead, and had lived there all my life. My father and mother were both dead. Their estates were partially administered. He left, besides these certificates and notes and an account for lumber, another paper. This is the paper written on the back of a receipt. * * * That is my brother’s signature and his handwriting. I found that the morning that he went away. I had possession of the safe, and had given my brother permission to put the things there, and they were all left in my possession. The paper is directed to Mr. A. O. White. He was the administrator of father’s and mother’s estate at the time. There was still something unpaid to the heirs in his possession.”
The witness also stated that a paper writing was found with the certificates. The paper referred to is as follows:
“Mr. A. O. White,
“ Please pay my share of the estates to Elda A. Jones, and oblige,
“Clark A. Jones.”
“There was never any instruction given by my brother, either verbally or in writing, qualifying this order in any [597] way or bearing on it. There was never anything given to me, or that came to me, indicating that I should not use this for myself if I could get it. My brother lived with me at one time. He was sick at my house with smallpox in the spring of 1904. He was near to death. I took care of him during that sickness. I nursed him through the entire sickness. After that I lived with him as his housekeeper, and took care of him so far as a housekeeper would. My relations with him were very close.”
The foregoing testimony was taken under objection, it being claimed that defendant was disqualified as a witness, by the statute; but as Mamie Brittan testified substantially the same, and there was no contradiction, the admissibility of defendant’s testimony is not important. She stated:
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Hooker, J.
Clark Jones was one of eight brothers and sisters. He died a suicide on January 21, 1906, at Shreveport, La. On December 17, 1905, he was the owner of a farm and some personal property, which last included two certificates of deposit for the sums of $600 and $1,800, respectively, and two promissory notes, an uncollected claim for $30.29, and an interest in the estates of his father and mother, then in process of settlement, and practically ready for distribution. He had been in the habit of keeping the aforesaid certificates and notes in the safe of his sister Mrs. Eddy, the defendant, at her home, and after his death these papers were found to be indorsed in blank by him, as appears from her testimony, she having been called as a witness for the complainant at the hear[595] ing in the circuit court. She testified, in answer to questions asked by complainant’s counsel, that she had cashed the checks and deposited the money in her own name, collected the claim for $30.29 and the interest on the notes; that she had loaned $300 upon a mortgage, and after-wards sold it for an interest in some land owned in common by herself and two sisters, upon which land she resided, and paid her $100 in addition to the mortgage. She expended $800 upon a barn which she erected upon the same premises. She bought a team, wagon, farming implements, buggy, harness, etc. She paid for the removal and burial of Clark Jones, and at the time she testified had some money and some notes left of the property. So much appears in the direct examination by complainant’s counsel of the defendant. The complainant is the administrator of the estate of Clark Jones. He filed a bill in equity for discovery, claiming that defendant’s actions, doings, and claim of ownership were fraudulent, that there was danger of the property being disposed of by her, and lost to the estate of Clark Jones, and praying that a decree be made adjudging that the said money, promissory notes, and the lands purchased with the money obtained by defendant constitute a trust fund for said estate, and for a lien upon any and all lands of said defendant upon which she had used any of said money in making improvements, and that it be sold to pay all such sums, and that she be required to convey to the estate all property purchased by her with any of said money. An injunction pendente lite was prayed and issued.
The defendant claims that she became the owner of all of said property, except the farm (which is not in disputé) by gift from her brother Clark Jones in December, 1905, about the time he left home. It is claimed, on her behalf, that this proceeding is not a proper one, for the reason that there is an adequate remedy at law. To maintain her claim to the property, the defendant brought out, through cross-examination of the defendant, the following testimony: Clark Jones lived at Troy, 16 miles from de[596] fendant’s home. He went to her home the evening before he left home, and his papers were then in the safe. They had a conversation as follows:
“ He asked me to open the safe so that he could fix the money so that I could get it. I opened the safe. I did not take out the papers myself. I knew they were there. He went to the safe and took the papers. I didn’t see him indorse them. I found them there that morning that he went away. It was that morning that he asked me to open the safe. After he left I found them there, and they had his indorsementon each one of them, the certificates and the notes. After he went out of the house he went to the barn. He asked me if my nephew had come in from the barn, and I told him no, and he went to the barn. I don’t know of my own knowledge that he talked with my nephew. * * * My nephew’s name is Earl R. Leland. He talked with me after my brother went away, the same morning after I had last seen my brother. * * * My nephew said that Clark said for me to deposit the money in my own name so that I could have the same to use, and it would be handy for him to use when he was up North to send him some. I was not married at that time. I was living in the old homestead, and had lived there all my life. My father and mother were both dead. Their estates were partially administered. He left, besides these certificates and notes and an account for lumber, another paper. This is the paper written on the back of a receipt. * * * That is my brother’s signature and his handwriting. I found that the morning that he went away. I had possession of the safe, and had given my brother permission to put the things there, and they were all left in my possession. The paper is directed to Mr. A. O. White. He was the administrator of father’s and mother’s estate at the time. There was still something unpaid to the heirs in his possession.”
The witness also stated that a paper writing was found with the certificates. The paper referred to is as follows:
“Mr. A. O. White,
“ Please pay my share of the estates to Elda A. Jones, and oblige,
“Clark A. Jones.”
“There was never any instruction given by my brother, either verbally or in writing, qualifying this order in any [597] way or bearing on it. There was never anything given to me, or that came to me, indicating that I should not use this for myself if I could get it. My brother lived with me at one time. He was sick at my house with smallpox in the spring of 1904. He was near to death. I took care of him during that sickness. I nursed him through the entire sickness. After that I lived with him as his housekeeper, and took care of him so far as a housekeeper would. My relations with him were very close.”
The foregoing testimony was taken under objection, it being claimed that defendant was disqualified as a witness, by the statute; but as Mamie Brittan testified substantially the same, and there was no contradiction, the admissibility of defendant’s testimony is not important. She stated:
“ I live in Dayton township, and am a sister of Clark Jones and Mrs. Eddy. I was at their home at about the time he left. The last place that I remember seeing him was as he came from the room where the safe that has been spoken of was, from the room where I was in the house there. That was just shortly before he took his departure. I heard a conversation between him and Mrs. Eddy. In his peculiar way he had of saying things — of course, we had no idea of its coming to this — I could not say right definite, but this is what it was, as near as I can recall it now: It was that he asked her to open the safe for him so that he might fix his check so that she might get the money to pay his taxes for him. I don’t know as I am telling it just as it was. He had spoken to her about paying his taxes for him, and as I understand, he had also made arrangements with the bank so that he could leave the money so that she could get it. He says, ‘You open the safe, and I will fix that so you can get the money, and then you can — ’ I am under oath, and I want to be pretty careful in what I am saying here — he says, ‘ I will fix this so that, you can get the money to pay my taxes, and you might want to use some.’ That is the substance of what he said, as near as I recall it now. I had no other conversation with him, and did not hear him say anything of this character at any other time. He came to the house the evening before, and stayed there all night. I was staying at the house at that time. That is all the conversation that I can now remember. [598] Mrs. Eddy went into the room, and, as I suppose, opened the safe for him. As the safe was in the other room, and positively out of my sight, I cannot say that she opened the safe. He went into the room. I didn’t see him while he was in .there. Afterwards he came out, and I saw the certificates and the notes. They were indorsed in his handwriting and his name. I don’t know whether I ever saw them before or not.”
Earl R. Leland, a nephew of Clark Jones, testified:
“I have made my home principally with my aunts Mrs. Eddy and Mrs. Brittan, in Dayton township. I am a nephew of Mrs. Eddy and of Clark Jones. I knew him in his lifetime. I have known him ever since I was big enough to know anyone, and before he left Dayton I saw him occasionally. He was back and forth there. I knew of his having the smallpox. Elda Jones took care of him that time. Afterwards she kept house for him as long as he stayed on the place. I think he thought more of .her than he did of any of the rest of them. I could not help but think it. I drew that from his general conduct, and from his actions. I was situated so I would have a pretty fair opportunity to know. He always showed a large amount of affection for her, more for her than any of the rest. There was friction or difficulty between the members, growing out of the settlement of the estates. I could not say what it was. I think it affected Clark Jones to some extent. I last saw Clark Jones the morning that he left the home place, some time in December. I don’t remember the date. I was right in the road between the house and the barn when I last saw him. I had a conversation with him prior to .that time. Our conversation was at the barn. He came to me where I was milking. He sought me out and spoke to me. * * * As near as I can remember, Clark Jones at that time told me to tell Elda to take that check that was due in a few days and the timber money, and deposit it in her name so that, if he wanted to get some of it, he could get it a little handier, and she might want to use some of it. That is as near as I can remember what he told me. There was no further conversation there in regard to this property. He wanted me to put in some wood for him at Fremont— cut up some tops out of his timber. When he went down the road, I asked him which way he was going, and he said he didn’t know which way he was going. Those were his last words to me.”
[599] Mrs. Ida M. Newlun testified:
“lam Clark A. Jones’ sister. I live about six miles away. I had not seen him for about three months before he went away. I think that he had more affection for Mrs. Eddy than for any of the rest of us. They had been, together for the last four or five years. * * * I am one of the heirs of his estate. I think he intended to make a gift of the.property to Elda Eddy.”
Fred Reynolds testified:
“ I live in Fremont, and am in the Old State, what was formerly the First Bank. It changed its name in August last year. I knew Clark Jones in his lifetime. I had a conversation with him shortly before he died. It occurred in the bank. He called one day, and asked if we could pay his certificates to anyone by presenting them. I told him we would on his say-so, but the proper way was to have them indorsed, and he made some remark about his sister Elda paying some taxes, and I don’t remember what else. He made some remark about paying his taxes, and I explained to him how he could indorse them to turn them over to anyone, but I don’t think he made any remark at all, and passed out. That is all I know that was said.
“Q. And he had reference to his sister getting the money— Did he make mention that it was his sister that was to draw them ?
“A. No; he just made a remark about how she could draw the money, and as he went out, he made some remark about paying taxes. The certificates were issued by our bank. They were indorsed when they were presented in his name and his handwriting.”
On cross-examination he said:
“He wanted to know if anybody else could draw that money out of the bank on those certificates, and he mentioned that he wanted Elda to pay his taxes. He did not say that he wanted it drawn for that purpose. He wanted to know if she could draw that money, and at the time he mentioned that he wanted to pay some taxes.”
The foregoing is all of the testimony relating to the transaction relied upon to prove a gift. There is testimony in the record of surrounding circumstances, how[600] ever, which are relied upon as tending strongly to establish an intent upon Clark Jones’ part, to give the property to Mrs. Eddy. There was testimony tending to show that he was partial to her, and on ill terms with most of his other brothers and sisters; that he had suffered a matrimonial disappointment, and had trouble with the township authorities relating to a road; that he had said that life was not worth living a few days before he left; that he had peculiar ways of doing things, and an instance of this kind was stated by defendant:
“He had given me things before this time. When I was going to town he would give me some money.
“Mr. Anderson: I object to that as incompetent and immaterial to show a gift in this case.
“Q. Do you remember of his giving you a calf at one time ?
“A. Yes, sir.
“Q. State how he did that. What was his manner ?
“A. Why, he asked me if I had fed the calf yet, and I supposed— He hadn’t said it was mine, but he kept calling it mine, and he said, ‘ Have you fed your calf ?’ So I got to claiming it, and when he moved away he wanted to know if he should take care of it for me that summer, and I told him yes, and so when it was a cow, he brought it back to me.
“Q. Do you remember one time you were talking about it, and you called his attention to the way he has been talking ?
“A. Yes, sir.
“Q. What was that ?
“A. He said, ‘If I call it yours, can’t you — ’ I can’t use the exact words.
“Q. Do you remember of your saying to him when he spoke of it as your calf that if he kept on calling it yours, you would claim it ?
“A. Something that way.
“ Q. And what was his answer ?
“A. He said if he called it mine, I could — or something. He calculated it was mine, or something like it.
I don’t remember.
“Q. And you called it yours ?
“A. Yes, sir; that was his mode of doing it. He was very peculiar.”
[601] This testimony was objected to. At the time he left he sent the following letter to his brother Judd, of whom he was fond:
“ Fremont, Michigan, 12/19-05.
“Well, Judd, I could not do anything with the board, so I wish you would sell off the stock and stuff and get all you can for it and take pay for your trouble out of the proceeds. Let Earl take the plane, square, saws, pincers, hammer, chains, bit stock and bits until I call for them. I am looking for another location. You can fence up the road and do what you think best with the farm.
“ Clark A. Jones.”
William Taylor, a blacksmith, testified:
“I live in Fremont, and am a blacksmith. I knew Clark A. Jones in his lifetime. I saw him a great many times at my shop. I had a conversation with him at one time in regard to himself and his family. I should judge it was in November before he went away. I cannot tell how long it was before he went away. The nearest I can come to it, he came there about ironing a pair of bobs. I should judge it was in November, maybe in October, possibly. He said he thought there was difference in the family. He seemed to think they could not agree on anything, any one of them. He was complaining about it. He had some trouble with the township or something. I understood it to be at Troy, I think about the road. He said he had bought it. At some time there was a road running past the place. I guess he didn’t like it, and I don’t believe it was really intended to be there, and he bought it, and he opened it. He paid them $100 for it, and after they took his money, they were about to back out on it and wanted him to take his money back. They was going to change the road, what he told me. At that time I didn’t think it had been settled against him. It was still under discussion, the way I understood it. He showed some feeling in regard to it, and didn’t seem to like it. He seemed to think he would rather have the road than the money. He didn’t like the idea of their giving the money back. There was quite a little talk about that, and about dividing some of the property that he could not divide. That seemed to bother him. I asked him some questions, and he told me a good many things. It seemed that there was some young stock, horses and cattle, that he could not divide [602] with his brothers and sisters. He was complaining about that country not being fit to live in, almost out of the world, lonesome. I said, ‘ Why don’t you get married and fix you up a place and build a house ? ’ The answer was that he did not know anybody that would have him. He tried one, and she would not have him. He could not get the lady he wanted. He said, ‘ I don’t know as _ I blame her any for not going up there.’ He said he did not think his life was worth living. He seemed to be depressed quite a little over the three matters and family troubles.”
There is little conflict of testimony in the record. The learned circuit judge held that the proof failed to sustain defendant’s claim, and made a decree for complainant. If we consider the testimony of the defendant, Mrs. Brit-tan, Leland, and Reynolds by itself, disregarding the other circumstances, we shall find it difficult to say that the transaction amounted to a gift. Clark Jones did not intimate to the banker or to his sister or to Earl Leland that he intended to give defendant this property. Apparently he placed it where she could get it, for his use, and incidentally indicated that she might want to use some of it herself. It is doubtful whether he said that she should transfer more than the $600 certificate to her own account, and nothing was said as to his destination or the period of his prospective absence. He indicated an expectation that he might want her to send him some of the money, and that he was fixing his affairs so that she could do so upon request. On the other hand, the succeeding events cast a light upon the transaction which is quite consistent with the defendant’s claim that he intended that she should have the property. In the first place we are impressed with the fairness of the defendant’s conduct throughout this affair. She made no disposition of his property until she learned of his death. She appears to have concealed nothing from others. She advised with counsel and others as to her rights, which she was not overhasty to assert. Her testimony is free from color, though it is not difficult to see where slight changes might [603] have materially strengthened her case. While there is language in itself inconsistent with an intended gift, it is also consistent with a design to take his own life, which intention he did not wish to disclose, and to place his property in her control for her use and ownership, disclosing such intentions as far as he could without arousing suspicions as to his other intentions. The letter to Judd Jones is susceptible of a construction similar to that claimed for the transaction with the defendant. It seems clear that his brothers and sisters were allowed to understand that he was going away for an indefinite period; that he was making no plans for the conduct of his farm. He directed that his tools be delivered to his nephew, till called for, his stock sold with no directions regarding the proceeds, except such as should be required to pay Judd for his trouble, who was to fence up the road, and do what he thought best with the farm. If $100 was coming to him from the board, as may fairly be implied, he does not mention it. He vouchsafes only the explanation “I am looking for a location.” These entire transactions, when read in the light of later events, are suggestive of final disposition, veiled only so far as to him seemed necessary to avoid disclosure of his ulterior designs. Head in the light of these events, the letter to Judd is pathetic in what it omits, as well as in what it contains, and at first blush it may seem that here was such a delivery from the donor to the donee as would place the property within the dominion and control of the latter, with intent to transfer the title. Gray v. Barton, 55 N. Y. 72.
We recognize the rule that, in order to constitute a valid gift,
“ There must be a delivery, actual or symbolical, of the subject-matter, unless it is already in the possession of the donee, with an intent on the part of the donor to presently divest himself of all title and dominion over the same, and an acceptance by the donee.”
The intent may be deduced from all the circumstances. [604] From the language used alone we would not say that an unconditional gift was intended, but when viewed in the light of his contemporary and subsequent acts, it may reasonably be inferred that it was his intention to give this property to his sister and to take his own life. Had he immediately committed suicide, it would be a very natural conclusion. But it requires more than an intention to make a gift. It would require no stretch of imagination to infer an intention that the defendant should become the owner of this property after his death if not called for earlier, but this would be inconsistent with the theory of a present gift, and though he may have intended never to call for it, the fact that his language implied a reservation of the right to do so precludes the conclusion that he made a valid gift. The language used reserved the right to call for this property, and if it could otherwise be considered a gift, the right to revoke it, being reserved, would be fatal to it. Not only does the language clearly imply the reservation of this right, but the defendant evidently so understood it, and would have recognized the right had he sought to exercise it. In fact it appears pretty conclusively that she had no suspicion that she was the recipient of a gift, in the legal sense, previous to her brother’s suicide. This is implied by her conduct, and is inferable from her testimony. Having reached the conclusion that the defendant’s claim cannot be sustained, some other questions demand attention.
Jurisdiction. It is contended that the bill should be dismissed, for the reason that there was an adequate remedy at law, and it is said that the case is one peculiarly adapted to trial by jury. We are of the opinion that equity has jurisdiction in this case, first, to declare that the property received was a trust fund, and to follow the fund and enforce payment against property purchased by it; second, to restrain by injunction the further disposition of the unexpended portion of the property. We are not impressed with the importance of a jury to decide any question in the case. A chancellor can do it as well. Where [605] the jurisdiction of equity is clear, as in this case, there is no obligation to send questions of fact to the jury, and if it be thought expedient to do so, it should be by sending an issue to a jury, and not by dismissing the bill upon the hearing.
Interest. We are of the opinion that interest should be allowed only from the date of a demand made by the administrator upon her for the property.
Lien. We cannot sustain the decree in its provision that the same shall be a lien upon defendant’s homestead. We think that the same may well be decreed to constitute a lien upon the personal property purchased by the fund, and the sum invested in buildings and improvements upon the land should be a lien thereon, exclusive, however, of defendant’s homestead rights therein; such sums to be determined on the settling of decree.
In all other respects than as hereinbefore indicated, the decree will he affirmed. Neither party will recover costs of this court.
Grant, C. J., and Montgomery and Ostrander, JJ., concurred with Hooker, J.