Cedrone v. American Express One Travel Services, Inc.

18 Mass. L. Rptr. 279
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedSeptember 10, 2004
DocketNo. 200204940L
StatusPublished

This text of 18 Mass. L. Rptr. 279 (Cedrone v. American Express One Travel Services, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cedrone v. American Express One Travel Services, Inc., 18 Mass. L. Rptr. 279 (Mass. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

Lauriat, J.

Claire Cedrone (“Cedrone”) filed this action for alleged discrimination on the basis of hand[326]*326icap by her former employer, American Express One Travel Services, Inc. (“American Express”) and her former supervisor, Kathleen Fitzpatrick (“Fitzpatrick”). Specifically, Cedrone asserts violations of G.L.c. 15 IB, §4(16) (Count I), G.L.c. 93, §103 (Count II), G.L.c. 152, §§75A, 75B (Count III) and intentional interference with advantageous contractual relations (Count IV). The defendants have moved for summary judgment on all counts. For the following reasons, summary judgment must be allowed In part and denied in part.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

The facts, as revealed by the summary judgment record, and viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, are as follows.

In August 1997, Fitzgerald hired Cedrone as a corporate travel counselor for American Express in the Burlington, Massachusetts office. As part of the application process Cedrone filled out and signed a form containing the following provision:

I understand that if I am employed, my employment will not be for a definite duration and can be terminated at any time by either myself or my employer. I further understand that none of the company’s personnel policies should be construed as a contract or as a guarantee of continued employment. No representative of TRS, American Express Company or any of their affiliates, other than the Chairman of TRS or his designee, has authority to enter into or approve any agreement for employment for any specified period of time or to approve any agreement contrary to the foregoing.

In March 1999, Cedrone requested time off to undergo surgery on her hand and elbow. Fitzgerald met with Cedrone to discuss salary continuation benefits. When Cedrone mentioned workers’ compensation benefits, Fitzgerald corrected Cedrone and told her to take Family Medical Leave Act (“FLMA”) time.1 Fitzgerald gave Cedrone the paperwork to apply for FLMA time and told Cedrone who to contact in the human resources department to get detailed information.

Cedrone underwent surgery on March 17, 1999. She returned to work in June 1999, with a reduced schedule of five four-hour days each week. While at work, Cedrone also had rest times to ice her arm. At some point, American Express provided an ergonomic workstation for her. She worked three to six months on this reduced schedule, then increased her hours to three four-hour days and two six-hour days a week. After three to six months of this schedule, Cedrone increased her schedule to three six-hour days and two eight-hour days a week.

On March 20, 2000, Cedrone’s doctor faxed her a note advising her to reduce her schedule to five six-hour days per week. On Friday, March 25, 2000, Cedrone gave the doctor’s note to her direct supervisor, Sarah Lewis (“Lewis”) and left the office. Fitzgerald called Cedrone and said that Cedrone had upset Lewis, abandoned her job and that they would have to talk next week. On April 4, 2000, Cedrone’s position was terminated.2 American Express said that it could not accommodate Cedrone’s request for further reduced hours because of the volume of business and the strain on the other employees in the Burlington office.

Cedrone’s doctor diagnosed her as “totally disabled” on April 10, 2000. In a letter dated April 17, 2000, Fitzpatrick informed Cedrone that Cedrone had exhausted her FMLA benefits. The letter informed Cedrone that her salary continuation benefits would extend to April 21, 2000, and that she would be placed on unpaid leave as of April 22, 2000. The letter also stated that Cedrone’s reinstatement rights were no longer guaranteed and that she could apply for another position at American Express within thirty days of her doctor releasing her to work.

On April 18, 2000, Cedrone applied for workers’ compensation benefits, which she received from June 2000 to March 2003.

In December of 2001, American Express closed its Burlington office because of the significant downturn in travel following the September 11 terrorist attacks. There were opportunities for some of its employees to transfer to other locations. These transfers were based on a multiple incumbency policy, which included seniority as one factor. Cedrone would not have been eligible for a transfer. The Acton and Chelmsford offices subsequently closed; and in August 2003, Fitzpatrick was laid off.

On June 20, 2000, Cedrone filed a charge of discrimination with the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination (“MCAD”). On November 28, 2001, the MCAD issued a Final Disposition finding no probable cause; after a hearing, the decision was upheld on July 19, 2002.

Cedrone filed this complaint on November 22,2002.

RULINGS OF LAW

The court will grant summary judgment, pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 56, where no genuine issues of material fact exist and where the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Highlands Ins. Co. v. Aerovox, Inc., 424 Mass. 226, 232 (1997); Kourouvacilis v. General Motors Corp., 410 Mass. 706, 711 (1991). The moving party bears the burden of demonstrating both that there is no triable issue of fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Pederson v. Time, Inc., 404 Mass. 14, 16-17 (1989). A party moving for summary judgment who does not bear the burden of proof at trial may demonstrate the absence of a triable issue either by submitting affirmative evidence negating an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case or by showing that the nonmoving party is unlikely to submit proof of that element at trial. Kourouvacilis, 410 Mass. at 714; Flesner v. Technical Comm. Corp., 410 Mass. 805, [327]*327809 (1991). “(T]he opposing party cannot rest on his or her pleadings and mere assertions of disputed facts to defeat the motion for summary judgment.” LaLonde v. Eissner, 405 Mass. 207, 209 (1989).

Count I: Violation of G.L.c. 151B, §4(16)

To succeed on a claim for employment discrimination on the basis of handicap, Cedrone must demonstrate that she is handicapped within the meaning of the statute; that she can perform the essential functions of the job without accommodation, or with a reasonable accommodation from the employer that does not pose an undue hardship on the employer; and that her handicap was the cause of the allegedly unlawful discriminatory action. See Cargill v. Harvard University, 60 Mass.App.Ct. 585, 586 (2004), citing New Bedford v. Massachusetts Comm’n. Against Discrimination, 440 Mass. 450, 461-62 (2003).

The defendants have moved for summary judgment of Cedrone’s claim for violation of G.L.c. 15 IB, §4(16) on the basis that Cedrone’s request to reduce her schedule to five six-hours days a week for an indefinite period of time was not a reasonable accommodation because it constituted creating a new, part-time position and placed an undue hardship on the other Burlington employees.

While an employer is under no obligation to create a new position for an employee requesting reasonable accommodation, Russell v. Cooley Dickenson Hosp., 437 Mass. 443, 454 (2002), Massachusetts courts have not decided whether reduced hours for an indefinite period of time constitute a new position.3 In Russell, the court held that c.

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Related

Charland v. Muzi Motors, Inc.
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LaLonde v. Eissner
539 N.E.2d 538 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
United Truck Leasing Corp. v. Geltman
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575 N.E.2d 734 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
Flesner v. Technical Communications Corp.
575 N.E.2d 1107 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
G.S. Enterprises, Inc. v. Falmouth Marine, Inc.
571 N.E.2d 1363 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
Highlands Insurance v. Aerovox Inc.
676 N.E.2d 801 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1997)
Russell v. Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Inc.
772 N.E.2d 1054 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 2002)
City of New Bedford v. Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination
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Cargill v. Harvard University
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Bluebook (online)
18 Mass. L. Rptr. 279, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cedrone-v-american-express-one-travel-services-inc-masssuperct-2004.