Home/Sixth Circuit/CDI Information Serv v. Reno

CDI Information Serv v. Reno

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided January 28, 2002·No. 00-1983·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21  &',,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYV 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

HWDOY5HQRHWDO (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

UHIHUHQFHV RQO\ SRUWLRQV RI VHFWLRQ  o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jVSUHGLFDPHQW s$1(7 5(12LQKHURIILFLDO  ZH DSSUHFLDWH WKDW &', ZRXOG SUREDEO\ OLNH WR UHDS WKH FDSDFLW\DV$WWRUQH\*HQHUDO  EHQHILWV RI 0U 9DLGHHVZDUDQjV VHUYLFHV DQG 0U  9DLGHHVZDUDQZRXOGSUREDEO\OLNHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRH[WHQG RIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'25,6  KLV YLVD DQG UHPDLQ LQ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV  1RQHWKHOHVV 0(,661(5LQKHURIILFLDO  &RQJUHVV KDV SODLQO\ SUHFOXGHG UHYLHZ RI GLVFUHWLRQDU\ FDSDFLW\DV&RPPLVVLRQHURI  GHFLVLRQV OLNH WKH 6HUYLFHjV GHFLVLRQ WR GHQ\ 0U WKH,PPLJUDWLRQDQG  9DLGHHVZDUDQjVYLVDH[WHQVLRQ 1DWXUDOL]DWLRQ6HUYLFH  1$7$/,( 9(''(5LQKHU  RIILFLDOFDSDFLW\DV'LUHFWRURI   1HEUDVND6HUYLFH&HQWHURI  WKH,PPLJUDWLRQDQG  1DWXUDOL]DWLRQ6HUYLFH  'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOOHHV   1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW  IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW)OLQW %HFDXVH ZH ILQG WKDW VHFWLRQ  D  % LL SUHFOXGHV RXU UHYLHZ 1Rn3DXO9*DGROD'LVWULFWsXGJH RI WKH 6HUYLFHjV GHFLVLRQ UHJDUGLQJ 0U 9DLGHHVZDUDQ LW LV XQQHFHVVDU\ IRU XV WR GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU WKH 6HUYLFHjV DFWLRQ ZDV mFRPPLWWHG WR DJHQF\ GLVFUHWLRQl DQG WKHUHIRUH XQUHYLHZDEOH SXUVXDQW WR  86& $UJXHG1RYHPEHU †  D  

  &',,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYV 1R 1R &',,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYV  HWDOY5HQRHWDO HWDOY5HQRHWDO

'HFLGHGDQG)LOHGsDQXDU\ *HQHUDOjV GHFLVLRQ WR FRPPHQFH SURFHHGLQJV DGMXGLFDWH FDVHVRUH[HFXWHUHPRYDORUGHUV6HH9DQ'LQK)GDW %HIRUH0$57,1&KLHIsXGJH%$7&+(/'(5&LUFXLW  VHH DOVR $PHULFDQ$UDE $QWL'LVFULPLQDWLRQ &RPP sXGJH6$5*86'LVWULFWsXGJH  86 DW   *LYHQ WKH VFRSH RI VHFWLRQ  ZH FRQFOXGH WKDW LWV WLWOH GRHV QR PRUH WKDQ LQGLFDWH WKH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB SURYLVLRQV LQ D JHQHUDO PDQQHU  7KHUHIRUH ZH KROG DV VHYHUDORWKHUFRXUWVKDYHKHOGWKDWVHFWLRQ D  % LL &2816(/ LV QRW OLPLWHG WR GLVFUHWLRQDU\ GHFLVLRQV PDGH ZLWKLQ WKH FRQWH[WRIUHPRYDOSURFHHGLQJV6HH9DQ'LQK)GDW $5*8('  'HKDL 7DR $QQ $UERU 0LFKLJDQ IRU 6\VWURQLFV&RUSY,PPLJUDWLRQ 1DWXUDOL]DWLRQ6HUY $SSHOODQWV  sHQQLIHU s 3HUHJRUG $66,67$17 81,7('  ) 6XSS G   ''&   $YUDPHQNRY Y 67$7(6 $77251(< 'HWURLW 0LFKLJDQ IRU $SSHOOHHV ,PPLJUDWLRQ 1DWXUDOL]DWLRQ6HUY)6XSSG 21 %5,()  'HKDL 7DR $QQ $UERU 0LFKLJDQ IRU '&RQQ &XUULY5HQR)6XSSG ' $SSHOODQWV  1DQF\ $ $EUDKDP $66,67$17 81,7(' 1s VHHDOVR0F%UHDUW\Y3HUU\PDQ)G 67$7(6$77251(<)OLQW0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOOHHV  WK &LU   FRQVWUXLQJ VHFWLRQ  D  % L  $PRDNRZDDY5HQR)6XSSG 1',OO BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB VDPH  23,1,21 %HFDXVH WKH ODQJXDJH RI VHFWLRQ  D  % LL  LV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB XQDPELJXRXVZHQHHGQRWH[DPLQHLWVXQGHUO\LQJOHJLVODWLYH %2<&()0$57,1s5&KLHIsXGJH KLVWRU\6HH8QLWHG6WDWHVY%URZQ)GQ WK &LU    1HYHUWKHOHVV EHFDXVH VRPH FRXUWV KDYH , UHOLHGRQWKHOHJLVODWLYHKLVWRU\WROLPLWVHFWLRQ D  %  ZH QRWH WKDW ZH DUH VDWLVILHG WKDW WKH OHJLVODWLYH KLVWRU\ RI 3ODLQWLIIV &', ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6HUYLFHV ,QF DQG 3UDNDVK VHFWLRQRIWKH$FWZKLFKDPHQGHGVHFWLRQGRHVQRW 9DLGHHVZDUDQDSSHDOWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVGHFLVLRQDIILUPLQJ XQGHUFXW RXU FRQFOXVLRQ  ,Q VXSSRUW RI LWV DVVHUWLRQ WKDW WKH,PPLJUDWLRQDQG1DWXUDOL]DWLRQ6HUYLFHjVGHQLDORI0U VHFWLRQLVOLPLWHGWRWKHUHPRYDOFRQWH[WWKHFRXUWLQ 9DLGHHVZDUDQjV SHWLWLRQ IRU DQ H[WHQVLRQ RI KLV QRQ 6KDQWL ,QF Y 5HQR TXRWHG WKH $FWjV OHJLVODWLYH KLVWRU\ DV LPPLJUDQWYLVD%HFDXVHZHILQGWKDWZHODFNMXULVGLFWLRQZH IROORZVm6HFWLRQSUHVHUYHVWKHULJKWWRDSSHDOIURPD YDFDWH WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW DQG UHPDQG ZLWK ILQDODGPLQLVWUDWLYHRUGHURIUHPRYDOWRRQHRIWKH)HGHUDO LQVWUXFWLRQVWRGLVPLVVWKHFDVH FLUFXLWFRXUWV6HFWLRQDOVROLPLWVWKHDXWKRULW\RI )HGHUDO FRXUWV RWKHU WKDQ WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW WR HQMRLQ WKH RSHUDWLRQRIWKHQHZUHPRYDOSURFHGXUHVHVWDEOLVKHGLQWKLV OHJLVODWLRQl)6XSSGDW TXRWLQJ+5HS  O  WK &RQJ G 6HVV     5HO\LQJ RQ WKLV SDVVDJH WKH 6KDQWL FRXUW HPSKDVL]HG WKH DEVHQFH RI DQ\ PHQWLRQ RI YLVD SHWLWLRQV RU RWKHU SURFHGXUHV RXWVLGH WKH

SXUYLHZRIUHPRYDOSURFHHGLQJV6HHLG%XWWKLVSDVVDJH 7KH +RQRUDEOH (GPXQG $ 6DUJXV sU 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH WDNHQIURPDEULHIWZRSDUDJUDSKGLVFXVVLRQRIVHFWLRQ IRU WKH 6RXWKHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 2KLR VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ  &',,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYV 1R 1R &',,QIRUPDWLRQ6HUYV  HWDOY5HQRHWDO HWDOY5HQRHWDO

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

CDI Information Serv v. Reno, (6th Cir. 2002).

CDI Information Serv v. Reno (CDI Information Serv v. Reno) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.