Caulk v. Beal

447 F. Supp. 44, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13768
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Pennsylvania
DecidedSeptember 28, 1977
DocketCiv. A. No. 77-2932
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 447 F. Supp. 44 (Caulk v. Beal) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Caulk v. Beal, 447 F. Supp. 44, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13768 (E.D. Pa. 1977).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

NEWCOMER, District Judge.

This action arises in the aftermath of the Pennsylvania legislature’s budgetary crisis of August 1977. Due to the failure of the legislature to pass a budget and thereby supply the funds necessary to support public assistance checks, such checks were not issued from August 5 to August 21, 1977. Public assistance checks normally are issued twice a month and thus it was the first check of the month that was withheld. For many food stamp recipients, public assistance funds are the sole means by which they purchase food stamps; recognizing the problem that faced many food stamp participants by the withholding of the public assistance checks, the Department of Public Welfare established a program whereby public assistance recipients would be allowed their food stamp allotments on credit. These recipients were informed that they could receive their food stamps with no current payment, provided that they sign a form authorizing the Department to deduct from a future assistance check the amount that they ordinarily would have paid for food stamps during this period. Recipients electing to participate in this program signed such forms and did receive such food stamps on credit. After the budget was passed on August 20th, the Department issued both the first and second public assistance checks for the month of August; the second check, in many instances, was reduced by the food stamp credit. Plaintiffs, public assistance recipients, now move for a preliminary injunction against the defendants enjoining them from reducing public assistance checks in this manner in the future and further directing the defendants to make refunds to persons who have already had their public assistance checks reduced. Plaintiff’s motion, will be granted in part and denied in part.

In order to understand the present position of the parties, it is necessary to review the several steps that have occurred thus far in the litigation. After the Department began reducing the second August public assistance check to reflect the amount advanced to purchase the food stamps, the plaintiffs instituted this action on August 24, 1977. On that date, upon plaintiff’s motion, Judge Van Artsdalen, the emergency judge, entered a temporary restraining order which enjoined defendants from reducing public assistance checks on account of the credit food stamp arrangement and to return to all those recipients whose checks had been reduced the full amount that had been deducted. On September 1, 1977 after a hearing to extend the temporary restraining order, Judge Van Artsdalen modified his earlier order so as not to require the defendants to refund the amount already deducted from public assistance checks and further to allow the defendants to reduce the final checks to be received by those public assistance recipients of whom the State had prior notice were no longer going to be eligible for assistance. On September 9, 1977, after agreement of all the parties, this Court extended the temporary restraining order, as modified, and set it to expire on September 23, 1977 at 6:00 p. m.

The plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction is based on constitutional and statutory challenges to the legality of the Department of Public Welfare’s credit food stamp program, the recoupment provisions thereunder and the procedures the Department employed to recover the advance under the program. As to the program, the plaintiffs claim that the Department should [46]*46have issued “free” rather than “credit” food stamps and by establishing the “credit” program the Department denied the plaintiffs equal protection of the laws and violated the federal Food Stamp Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2011 et seq., and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The recoupment provisions of the program are assailed as unauthorized by the Food Stamp Act, the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 301 et seq. and the regulations established under these acts. In addition, the plaintiffs claim that the procedures employed to recover the advances under the program violated the Social Security Act and the regulations thereunder and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Court finds that it has jurisdiction over both the plaintiffs’ statutory and constitutional claims. As plaintiffs bring this action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, this Court has jurisdiction over the constitutional claims under 28 U.S.C. § 1343(3). And since the plaintiffs’ constitutional claims to due process and equal protection of the laws are not insubstantial, this Court also has pendent jurisdiction over plaintiffs’ statutory claims. United Mine Workers v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 86 S.Ct. 1130, 16 L.Ed.2d 218 (1966).

As this Court now reviews the merits of the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction, it is necessary to delineate what standard must be used to determine whether the plaintiffs’ request will be granted. The United States Supreme Court instructed in Doran v. Salem Inn, Inc., 422 U.S. 922, 95 S.Ct. 2561, 45 L.Ed.2d 648 (1975) that

The traditional standard for granting a preliminary injunction requires the plaintiff to show that in the absence of its issuance he will suffer irreparable injury and also that he is likely to prevail on the merits. It is recognized, however, that a district court must weigh carefully the interests on both sides. Id. at 931, 95 S.Ct. at 2568.

After reviewing the facts and law involved in this case and applying the standard enunciated in Doran v. Salem Inn, Inc., this Court finds that the plaintiffs are entitled to a preliminary injunction.

Turning to the question of whether the plaintiffs have established that it is likely that they will prevail on the merits, this Court believes that it is likely that at least, in part, the plaintiffs will be successful on their claims. First, plaintiffs have contested the legal viability of the credit food stamp program instituted by the Department of Public Welfare. Based on the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Food Stamp Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2011 et seq., itself, plaintiffs contend that free, rather than credit food stamps should have been issued to those persons who did not receive their public assistance checks in the first three weeks of August. Under 7 U.S.C. § 2016, the maximum charge for a food stamp allotment is thirty percent of household income. Plaintiffs argue that as they were not receiving any income in the beginning of August when they wanted to obtain food stamps, the food stamps should have been issued pursuant to the Food Stamp Act without monetary consideration. The Department of Agriculture defines monthly income (that which is to be applied in determining household income) as “all income which is received or anticipated to be received during the month,” (emphasis added). 7 C.F.R.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
447 F. Supp. 44, 1977 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13768, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/caulk-v-beal-paed-1977.