Opinion of the Court by
Tompkins, Judge.
Hutson sued Cato in the Circuit Court, where he obtained a judgment against him, to reverse which Cato comes into this court.
It appears on the record, that on the return of the writ the defendant below moved the court to quash the same, because in the declaration the plaintiff called himself Hudson, whereas the writ required the defendant to answer Plutson. This motion was overruled, and the defendant pleaded and went to trial.
The plaintiff in the Circuit Court gave oral testimony conducing to prove that he had made a bet of three hundred and fifty dollars with one Yount, on ahorse race. He also gave evidence to prove that Yount made the bet with the plaintiff for and on behalf of Cato, the defendant, in the name of him the said Yount.
It was also proved that about three weeks after the making of the wager by Hutson with Yount, that he admitted, as associates, two men, to wit, one Taylor and one Anderson,who deposited their respective portions with the stakeholder, but there was no communication on the subject betwixt Yount and these associates of Hutson. The stakeholder testified, that Hutson and Yount placed in his hands an instrument of writing in these words: “Memorandum of a race to be fun on the Marion track, on the 13th day of May next, in Cole county, Missouri, is this, that Joseph Yount agrees to run Cato’s sorrel mare against Issac Hut-son’s bay horse, for the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars, and there is now in the hands of John Scruggs fifty dollars aside, for a forfeit, &c. Given under our hands, &c. this- 11th March, 1837.” Signed by Isaac. Hutson and Jo[145]*145seph Yount. It was proved that the race was won by Yount, and that the stakeholder, by Yount’s direction, paid over to Cato the sum of money put into his hands by Hut-son and his partners.
_ The plaintiff in error, defendant in the circuit court, offered to prove that since the filing of the plea in this'cause the whole matter was submitted to arbitration, and that the arbitrators made their award in favor of the plaintiff in error. The court excluded this evidence, and the defendant excepted. The defendant then .prayed the court to give the following instructions, viz:
1st. If they believed that the said Taylor, Anderson, and Hutson, agreed to join their funds together, and that the same should be bet by the plaintiff for them, with the defendant, and that the said plaintiff did bet the same accordingly, and that the same was won by the said defendant and received by him, that then the action should have been brought by the said Anderson, Taylor, and Hutson, jointly, for the money so won, and that the plaintiff could not recover in the present action.
2nd. If they believed that the bet was made bytheplain-tiff’and Yount, and won by Yount, yet-although the money might have been paid over to the defendant, the plaintiff could not maintain his action against Cato, the defendant, for such money, but must seek redress against Yount, with whom the bet was made.
3d. That the jury ought to disregard all parol evidence given in the case as to the person with whom the plaintiff made the bet, and be governed, as to their finding, by the bond made by Hutson and Yount, and which had been read to them. ‘
4th. If they believed that the plaintiff bet but one hundred and twenty-five dollars, then he had no right to recover more than that sum.
The circuit court refused to give these instructions, and gave the following, viz:
1st. If they believed that the plaintiff made the-bet of three hundred and fifty dollars with the defendant, and after having made the bet, the said Taylor and Anderson agreed [146]*146> with him to become associated with him, there being no communication between Cato and the said Taylor and Anderson, and advanced to the stakeholder, Scruggs, the said Taylor, one hundred dollars, and the said Anderson, one hundred and twenty-five dollars, part and parcel of the said sum of three hundred and fifty dollars, that then the plaintiff had a right to recover of the defendant the whole sum of three hundred'and fifty dollars,
The plaintiff’s name in the declaration was written ‘Hudson,’ and in the writ‘Hutson.’ Variancehold immaterial.
[146]*1462d. If they believe that the said Yount made the said bet for Cato, and was the agent of Cato in making the same, although it was made in the name of Yount, it was the bet of Cato, and they ought to find accordingly.
The defendant excepted to the several opinions of Ihe circuit court, both in the refusing the instructions asked, and in giving those not asked by him. The defendant then moved for a new trial, because,
1st. The court rejected the evidence offered by the defendant of the settlement of the matter litigated by arbitration.
2d. The court misinstructed the jury as to the law of the case.
3d. The jury found a verdict contrary to the law and evidence.
It is assigned for error,
1st. That the circuit court refused to quash the writ in this cause on the defendant’s motion.
2d. That the court refused to permit the defendant to prove that the matters in litigation had been settled by arbitration.
3d. That the court erred in refusing to give the several instructions asked, and also in giving those'not asked by the defendant.
The plaintiff in error insists in his argument on each of the matters assigned for error.
The first is that the court committed error in refusing to quash the writ, because the plaintiff’s name in the declaration was written Hudson, and in the writ Hutson. It is by-no means necessary to be here decided what is the correct manner of pronouncing these two letters, in which the name [147]*147of the plaintiff, as it appears in the declaration first, and in the writ secondly, appears to differ. -It suffices for the purpose of deciding this point according to the rules of law, that the popular pronunciation 0/ .the two letters, which constitute the alleged difference or variance between the de* claration and writ, is, in the word whether written Hutson or Hudson, precisely the same, the word being generally pronounced Hutson. It is thought then that the circuit court committed no error in overruling the motion to quash the writ.
In an action ncy^w^n "at" un' visions of Ptho act t0 restrain gaming’, tho defendant permuted to §ive in e,vi‘ dence under the general “/defencetBr arising subse-fiHng oí tha°
2d. It is urged in the second place that the court ought to ’have permitted the plaintiff to prove that after the filing the plea (which was the general issue) that the whole matter in litigation had been submitted to.^arbitration, and thát the award was in favor of the plaintiff in error, defendant in * the circuit court.
To sustain this point, the plaintiff in error relies on the 5th section of the act of 14th March, 1835, to restrain gam- * rtAi /*!-.. „ tort- 0 mg, page 291 of the digest of 1830.
This section is in these words, viz: Any matter of defence under this act, maybe specially pleaded, or given in evidence under the general issue.
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Opinion of the Court by
Tompkins, Judge.
Hutson sued Cato in the Circuit Court, where he obtained a judgment against him, to reverse which Cato comes into this court.
It appears on the record, that on the return of the writ the defendant below moved the court to quash the same, because in the declaration the plaintiff called himself Hudson, whereas the writ required the defendant to answer Plutson. This motion was overruled, and the defendant pleaded and went to trial.
The plaintiff in the Circuit Court gave oral testimony conducing to prove that he had made a bet of three hundred and fifty dollars with one Yount, on ahorse race. He also gave evidence to prove that Yount made the bet with the plaintiff for and on behalf of Cato, the defendant, in the name of him the said Yount.
It was also proved that about three weeks after the making of the wager by Hutson with Yount, that he admitted, as associates, two men, to wit, one Taylor and one Anderson,who deposited their respective portions with the stakeholder, but there was no communication on the subject betwixt Yount and these associates of Hutson. The stakeholder testified, that Hutson and Yount placed in his hands an instrument of writing in these words: “Memorandum of a race to be fun on the Marion track, on the 13th day of May next, in Cole county, Missouri, is this, that Joseph Yount agrees to run Cato’s sorrel mare against Issac Hut-son’s bay horse, for the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars, and there is now in the hands of John Scruggs fifty dollars aside, for a forfeit, &c. Given under our hands, &c. this- 11th March, 1837.” Signed by Isaac. Hutson and Jo[145]*145seph Yount. It was proved that the race was won by Yount, and that the stakeholder, by Yount’s direction, paid over to Cato the sum of money put into his hands by Hut-son and his partners.
_ The plaintiff in error, defendant in the circuit court, offered to prove that since the filing of the plea in this'cause the whole matter was submitted to arbitration, and that the arbitrators made their award in favor of the plaintiff in error. The court excluded this evidence, and the defendant excepted. The defendant then .prayed the court to give the following instructions, viz:
1st. If they believed that the said Taylor, Anderson, and Hutson, agreed to join their funds together, and that the same should be bet by the plaintiff for them, with the defendant, and that the said plaintiff did bet the same accordingly, and that the same was won by the said defendant and received by him, that then the action should have been brought by the said Anderson, Taylor, and Hutson, jointly, for the money so won, and that the plaintiff could not recover in the present action.
2nd. If they believed that the bet was made bytheplain-tiff’and Yount, and won by Yount, yet-although the money might have been paid over to the defendant, the plaintiff could not maintain his action against Cato, the defendant, for such money, but must seek redress against Yount, with whom the bet was made.
3d. That the jury ought to disregard all parol evidence given in the case as to the person with whom the plaintiff made the bet, and be governed, as to their finding, by the bond made by Hutson and Yount, and which had been read to them. ‘
4th. If they believed that the plaintiff bet but one hundred and twenty-five dollars, then he had no right to recover more than that sum.
The circuit court refused to give these instructions, and gave the following, viz:
1st. If they believed that the plaintiff made the-bet of three hundred and fifty dollars with the defendant, and after having made the bet, the said Taylor and Anderson agreed [146]*146> with him to become associated with him, there being no communication between Cato and the said Taylor and Anderson, and advanced to the stakeholder, Scruggs, the said Taylor, one hundred dollars, and the said Anderson, one hundred and twenty-five dollars, part and parcel of the said sum of three hundred and fifty dollars, that then the plaintiff had a right to recover of the defendant the whole sum of three hundred'and fifty dollars,
The plaintiff’s name in the declaration was written ‘Hudson,’ and in the writ‘Hutson.’ Variancehold immaterial.
[146]*1462d. If they believe that the said Yount made the said bet for Cato, and was the agent of Cato in making the same, although it was made in the name of Yount, it was the bet of Cato, and they ought to find accordingly.
The defendant excepted to the several opinions of Ihe circuit court, both in the refusing the instructions asked, and in giving those not asked by him. The defendant then moved for a new trial, because,
1st. The court rejected the evidence offered by the defendant of the settlement of the matter litigated by arbitration.
2d. The court misinstructed the jury as to the law of the case.
3d. The jury found a verdict contrary to the law and evidence.
It is assigned for error,
1st. That the circuit court refused to quash the writ in this cause on the defendant’s motion.
2d. That the court refused to permit the defendant to prove that the matters in litigation had been settled by arbitration.
3d. That the court erred in refusing to give the several instructions asked, and also in giving those'not asked by the defendant.
The plaintiff in error insists in his argument on each of the matters assigned for error.
The first is that the court committed error in refusing to quash the writ, because the plaintiff’s name in the declaration was written Hudson, and in the writ Hutson. It is by-no means necessary to be here decided what is the correct manner of pronouncing these two letters, in which the name [147]*147of the plaintiff, as it appears in the declaration first, and in the writ secondly, appears to differ. -It suffices for the purpose of deciding this point according to the rules of law, that the popular pronunciation 0/ .the two letters, which constitute the alleged difference or variance between the de* claration and writ, is, in the word whether written Hutson or Hudson, precisely the same, the word being generally pronounced Hutson. It is thought then that the circuit court committed no error in overruling the motion to quash the writ.
In an action ncy^w^n "at" un' visions of Ptho act t0 restrain gaming’, tho defendant permuted to §ive in e,vi‘ dence under the general “/defencetBr arising subse-fiHng oí tha°
2d. It is urged in the second place that the court ought to ’have permitted the plaintiff to prove that after the filing the plea (which was the general issue) that the whole matter in litigation had been submitted to.^arbitration, and thát the award was in favor of the plaintiff in error, defendant in * the circuit court.
To sustain this point, the plaintiff in error relies on the 5th section of the act of 14th March, 1835, to restrain gam- * rtAi /*!-.. „ tort- 0 mg, page 291 of the digest of 1830.
This section is in these words, viz: Any matter of defence under this act, maybe specially pleaded, or given in evidence under the general issue. Most certainly the legislature have not in this act declared that differences arising tween gamblers, of the several orders in the community, may be submitted to arbitration, and that the award of the arbitrators shall be obligatory on the parties; and if such had been the declaration of the legislature, the award should have been pleaded as made since the last continuance of the cause. The circuit court then it se_ems to me committed no error here.
3d. It is to be observed in the third place that it no where appears in evidence that either Anderson or Taylor who agreed to become associated with Hutson in the bet which he had made with Yount, had any communication either with Yount or with Cato, the alleged principal of Yount, on the subject of the wager. I.t does not appear then that the plaintiff in.error can with any propriety complain that they were not co-plaintiffs in the action along with Hutson. The words of the act which give the remedy are very compre[148]*148hensive. “Any person who shall lose any money at any game or gambling devise, may recover the same by action of debt.” It might perhaps be correctly decided that, had they elected to sue each in his own name, for the money respectively deposited with the stakeholder, each might have maintained his action for his respective share; but they not having done this, seem tacitly to admit the right of Hutson sue and recover.- And it appears that a recovery under these circumstances by Hutson would be a bar to any recovery by them or either of them. It seems then that the circuit court committed no error in deciding that Hutson alone might maintain the action for the whole sum deposited with the stakeholder. It remains then only to be enqui-. re¿ under this head whether Cato or Yount ought to have been sued by Hutson.
If tho bet the name of tho felTnthatt0 ?t^ers ^ ™0le with him in not make0ljt necessary should'joln in the suit.
Where a anf’s agent, disclose the was acting as agent at the time of making tho bet, roeovor °thot0 money lost broughtPelIy against the
Had the contract or bet been one which is recognised as lawful, or not contrary to the general policy of the law, the suit should, after the money was paid over to Cato by Yount, or by his order, have been brought against Cato, into whose hands the money had been transferred; and to me it appears that there can be no manner of impropriety in suing him on this contract, inasmuch as he whose agent in the affair Yount was, cannot be regarded as less an offender against the law of the land than Yount, who for him made the bet. Yount, had he been sued instead of Cato, might perhaps have been thought worthy of the favor extend-ecj by the courts to an agent in a lawful transaction who had paid over the money to his principal without notice of the plaintiff’s intention to sue for money paid by him. But as Cato has been sued by the plaintiff, and especially as he has : . , 1 received the money, there seems to be no reason why the below should not maintain his .action against him. But it was contended in the argument of the cause that the agreement to imn this race being by writing, under the seal 0f the parties, a covenant, that no parol evidence could he resorted to m order to prove that Cato, and not Yount, was the principal in the contract. This seems not to be the law. In 3 Starkie, p. 1045, it is said that evidence is admissible to prove that a deed was executed, or a bill of exchange made [149]*149at a time different from the date, or that a party in whose name a contract for the sale of goods was made, was the agent of another. This is an action given to recover money won at gaming, and in its character is penal ; and therefore the defendant, who is supposed to have been acting contrary to the policy of the law, would not be more favored than another principal-whose agent had made á contract for him, the subject matter of which it was not contrary to the policy of the law to contract about. In this, then, as it appears to me, the circuit court has committed no error.
Being then of- opinion that the court gave no erroneous instructions and refused none that ought to have been given, the motion for a new trial (the overruling of which was also assigned for error,) which grew out of the refusal of the court to give some instructions, was also in my opinion overruled correctly.
For the reasons above given, the judgment of the circuit court ought in my opinion to be affirmed. And a majority of the court being of that opinion, it is affirmed.