[Cite as Carson v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2010-Ohio-4584.]
Court of Claims of Ohio The Ohio Judicial Center 65 South Front Street, Third Floor Columbus, OH 43215 614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 www.cco.state.oh.us
MICHAEL L. CARSON
Plaintiff
v.
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Defendant
Case No. 2010-01581-AD
Clerk Miles C. Durfey
MEMORANDUM DECISION
{¶ 1} Plaintiff, Michael L. Carson, filed this action against defendant, Department of Transportation (ODOT), contending that his truck was damaged as a proximate cause of negligence on the part of ODOT in maintaining a hazardous roadway condition on Interstate 70 West in Franklin County. Plaintiff described the particular damage incident noting that: “I was getting on I 270 S from I 70 W leaving Pickerington, about a half mile from the on ramp on the left side of the far right lane I hit a pot hole” causing tire and rim damage. Plaintiff filed this complaint requesting damage recovery in the amount of $751.00, the stated cost of replacement parts resulting from the described incident. Plaintiff recalled that his damage incident occurred on January 11, 2010 at approximately 7:40 p.m. The filing fee was paid. {¶ 2} Defendant denied liability based on the contention that no ODOT personnel had any knowledge of the particular damage-causing pothole prior to plaintiff’s January 11, 2010 described occurrence. Defendant located the particular pothole between “state mileposts 108.77 to 109.0 on I-70 westbound to southbound I- 270 in Franklin County.” Defendant explained that ODOT records show no reports of a pothole at the location indicated were recorded prior to plaintiff’s damage event. Defendant related that ODOT received two complaints of potholes on Interstate 70 (on December 14, 2009 and January 14, 2010) “but they are not in the same location as plaintiff’s incident.” Furthermore, defendant related that ODOT records show fifteen complaints (copies submitted) were received on January 11, 2010 for potholes on Interstate 270 “but these are not in the same location as plaintiff’s.” Defendant argued that plaintiff did not provide any evidence to establish the length of time the particular pothole was present on the roadway prior to January 11, 2010. Defendant suggested that “it is more likely than not the pothole existed in that location for only a relatively short amount of time before plaintiff’s incident.” {¶ 3} Additionally, defendant contended that plaintiff did not offer any evidence to prove that the roadway was negligently maintained. Defendant advised that the ODOT “Franklin County Manager conducts roadway inspections on all state roadways within the county on a routine basis, at least one to two times a month.” Apparently, no potholes were discovered in the vicinity of plaintiff’s incident the last time that section of roadway was inspected prior to January 11, 2020. Defendant asserted that “I-270 was in good condition at the time and in the general vicinity of plaintiff’s incident.” Defendant stated that, “[a] review of the six-month maintenance history (record submitted) for the area in question reveals that no repairs were made for westbound I-70 and six (6) pothole patching operations were conducted in the general vicinity of plaintiff’s incident on southbound I-270;” the last time pothole patching operations were conducted before January 11, 2010 was January 9, 2010. Defendant noted, “that if ODOT personnel had detected any defects they would have been promptly scheduled for repair.” {¶ 4} Plaintiff filed a response arguing that, “[t]he hole may have been there for some time and was either un-noticed or considered acceptable for a matter of time leading up to the time of the event at hand.” Plaintiff asserted that due to inclement weather conditions defendant should have conducted roadway inspections with more frequency. Plaintiff did not supply any evidence to establish the length of time that the particular damage-causing pothole was present on the roadway prior to 7:40 p.m. on January 11, 2010. For plaintiff to prevail on a claim of negligence, he must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant owed him a duty, that it breached that duty, and that the breach proximately caused his injuries. Armstrong v. Best Buy Company, Inc., 99 Ohio St. 3d 79, 2003-Ohio-2573,¶8 citing Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St. 3d 75, 77, 15 OBR 179, 472 N.E. 2d 707. However, “[i]t is the duty of a party on whom the burden of proof rests to produce evidence which furnishes a reasonable basis for sustaining his claim. If the evidence so produced furnishes only a basis for a choice among different possibilities as to any issue in the case, he fails to sustain such burden.” Paragraph three of the syllabus in Steven v. Indus. Comm. (1945), 145 Ohio St. 198, 30 O.O. 415, 61 N.E. 2d 198, approved and followed. {¶ 5} Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976), 49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996), 112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67 Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864. {¶ 6} In order to prove a breach of the duty to maintain the highways, plaintiff must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant had actual or constructive notice of the precise condition or defect alleged to have caused the accident. McClellan v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388. Defendant is only liable for roadway conditions of which it has notice, but fails to reasonably correct. Bussard v. Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. There is no evidence defendant had actual notice of the pothole on Interstate 70 prior to the night of January 11, 2010. {¶ 7} Therefore, to find liability, plaintiff must prove that ODOT had constructive notice of the defect. The trier of fact is precluded from making an inference of defendant’s constructive notice, unless evidence is presented in respect to the time that the defective condition developed. Spires v. Ohio Highway Department (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 262, 577 N.E. 2d 458. {¶ 8} In order for there to be constructive notice, plaintiff must show that sufficient time has elapsed after the dangerous condition appears, so that under the circumstances defendant should have acquired knowledge of its existence. Guiher v. Dept. of Transportation (1978), 78-0126-AD . Size of the defect is insufficient to show notice or duration of existence. O’Neil v. Department of Transportation (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 287, 587 N.E. 2d 891. “A finding of constructive notice is a determination the court must make on the facts of each case not simply by applying a pre-set time standard for the discovery of certain road hazards.” Bussard, 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. “Obviously, the requisite length of time sufficient to constitute constructive notice varies with each specific situation.” Danko v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (Feb. 4, 1993), Franklin App. 92AP-1183. No evidence has shown that ODOT had constructive notice of the pothole. {¶ 9} Generally, in order to recover in a suit involving damage proximately caused by roadway conditions including potholes, plaintiff must prove that either: 1) defendant had actual or constructive notice of the potholes and failed to respond in a reasonable time or responded in a negligent manner, or 2) that defendant, in a general sense, maintains its highways negligently. Denis v. Department of Transportation (1976), 75-0287-AD.
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[Cite as Carson v. Ohio Dept. of Transp., 2010-Ohio-4584.]
Court of Claims of Ohio The Ohio Judicial Center 65 South Front Street, Third Floor Columbus, OH 43215 614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 www.cco.state.oh.us
MICHAEL L. CARSON
Plaintiff
v.
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Defendant
Case No. 2010-01581-AD
Clerk Miles C. Durfey
MEMORANDUM DECISION
{¶ 1} Plaintiff, Michael L. Carson, filed this action against defendant, Department of Transportation (ODOT), contending that his truck was damaged as a proximate cause of negligence on the part of ODOT in maintaining a hazardous roadway condition on Interstate 70 West in Franklin County. Plaintiff described the particular damage incident noting that: “I was getting on I 270 S from I 70 W leaving Pickerington, about a half mile from the on ramp on the left side of the far right lane I hit a pot hole” causing tire and rim damage. Plaintiff filed this complaint requesting damage recovery in the amount of $751.00, the stated cost of replacement parts resulting from the described incident. Plaintiff recalled that his damage incident occurred on January 11, 2010 at approximately 7:40 p.m. The filing fee was paid. {¶ 2} Defendant denied liability based on the contention that no ODOT personnel had any knowledge of the particular damage-causing pothole prior to plaintiff’s January 11, 2010 described occurrence. Defendant located the particular pothole between “state mileposts 108.77 to 109.0 on I-70 westbound to southbound I- 270 in Franklin County.” Defendant explained that ODOT records show no reports of a pothole at the location indicated were recorded prior to plaintiff’s damage event. Defendant related that ODOT received two complaints of potholes on Interstate 70 (on December 14, 2009 and January 14, 2010) “but they are not in the same location as plaintiff’s incident.” Furthermore, defendant related that ODOT records show fifteen complaints (copies submitted) were received on January 11, 2010 for potholes on Interstate 270 “but these are not in the same location as plaintiff’s.” Defendant argued that plaintiff did not provide any evidence to establish the length of time the particular pothole was present on the roadway prior to January 11, 2010. Defendant suggested that “it is more likely than not the pothole existed in that location for only a relatively short amount of time before plaintiff’s incident.” {¶ 3} Additionally, defendant contended that plaintiff did not offer any evidence to prove that the roadway was negligently maintained. Defendant advised that the ODOT “Franklin County Manager conducts roadway inspections on all state roadways within the county on a routine basis, at least one to two times a month.” Apparently, no potholes were discovered in the vicinity of plaintiff’s incident the last time that section of roadway was inspected prior to January 11, 2020. Defendant asserted that “I-270 was in good condition at the time and in the general vicinity of plaintiff’s incident.” Defendant stated that, “[a] review of the six-month maintenance history (record submitted) for the area in question reveals that no repairs were made for westbound I-70 and six (6) pothole patching operations were conducted in the general vicinity of plaintiff’s incident on southbound I-270;” the last time pothole patching operations were conducted before January 11, 2010 was January 9, 2010. Defendant noted, “that if ODOT personnel had detected any defects they would have been promptly scheduled for repair.” {¶ 4} Plaintiff filed a response arguing that, “[t]he hole may have been there for some time and was either un-noticed or considered acceptable for a matter of time leading up to the time of the event at hand.” Plaintiff asserted that due to inclement weather conditions defendant should have conducted roadway inspections with more frequency. Plaintiff did not supply any evidence to establish the length of time that the particular damage-causing pothole was present on the roadway prior to 7:40 p.m. on January 11, 2010. For plaintiff to prevail on a claim of negligence, he must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant owed him a duty, that it breached that duty, and that the breach proximately caused his injuries. Armstrong v. Best Buy Company, Inc., 99 Ohio St. 3d 79, 2003-Ohio-2573,¶8 citing Menifee v. Ohio Welding Products, Inc. (1984), 15 Ohio St. 3d 75, 77, 15 OBR 179, 472 N.E. 2d 707. However, “[i]t is the duty of a party on whom the burden of proof rests to produce evidence which furnishes a reasonable basis for sustaining his claim. If the evidence so produced furnishes only a basis for a choice among different possibilities as to any issue in the case, he fails to sustain such burden.” Paragraph three of the syllabus in Steven v. Indus. Comm. (1945), 145 Ohio St. 198, 30 O.O. 415, 61 N.E. 2d 198, approved and followed. {¶ 5} Defendant has the duty to maintain its highways in a reasonably safe condition for the motoring public. Knickel v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1976), 49 Ohio App. 2d 335, 3 O.O. 3d 413, 361 N.E. 2d 486. However, defendant is not an insurer of the safety of its highways. See Kniskern v. Township of Somerford (1996), 112 Ohio App. 3d 189, 678 N.E. 2d 273; Rhodus v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (1990), 67 Ohio App. 3d 723, 588 N.E. 2d 864. {¶ 6} In order to prove a breach of the duty to maintain the highways, plaintiff must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, that defendant had actual or constructive notice of the precise condition or defect alleged to have caused the accident. McClellan v. ODOT (1986), 34 Ohio App. 3d 247, 517 N.E. 2d 1388. Defendant is only liable for roadway conditions of which it has notice, but fails to reasonably correct. Bussard v. Dept. of Transp. (1986), 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. There is no evidence defendant had actual notice of the pothole on Interstate 70 prior to the night of January 11, 2010. {¶ 7} Therefore, to find liability, plaintiff must prove that ODOT had constructive notice of the defect. The trier of fact is precluded from making an inference of defendant’s constructive notice, unless evidence is presented in respect to the time that the defective condition developed. Spires v. Ohio Highway Department (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 262, 577 N.E. 2d 458. {¶ 8} In order for there to be constructive notice, plaintiff must show that sufficient time has elapsed after the dangerous condition appears, so that under the circumstances defendant should have acquired knowledge of its existence. Guiher v. Dept. of Transportation (1978), 78-0126-AD . Size of the defect is insufficient to show notice or duration of existence. O’Neil v. Department of Transportation (1988), 61 Ohio Misc. 2d 287, 587 N.E. 2d 891. “A finding of constructive notice is a determination the court must make on the facts of each case not simply by applying a pre-set time standard for the discovery of certain road hazards.” Bussard, 31 Ohio Misc. 2d 1, 31 OBR 64, 507 N.E. 2d 1179. “Obviously, the requisite length of time sufficient to constitute constructive notice varies with each specific situation.” Danko v. Ohio Dept. of Transp. (Feb. 4, 1993), Franklin App. 92AP-1183. No evidence has shown that ODOT had constructive notice of the pothole. {¶ 9} Generally, in order to recover in a suit involving damage proximately caused by roadway conditions including potholes, plaintiff must prove that either: 1) defendant had actual or constructive notice of the potholes and failed to respond in a reasonable time or responded in a negligent manner, or 2) that defendant, in a general sense, maintains its highways negligently. Denis v. Department of Transportation (1976), 75-0287-AD. The fact that defendant’s “Maintenance History” reflects pothole repairs were made in the vicinity of plaintiff’s incident on various occasions does not prove negligent maintenance of the roadway on the part of ODOT. Plaintiff has not produced any evidence to infer that defendant, in a general sense, maintains its highways negligently or that defendant’s acts caused the defective condition. Herlihy v. Ohio Department of Transportation (1999), 99-07011-AD. Therefore, defendant is not liable for any damage plaintiff may have suffered from the pothole. {¶ 10} In the instant claim, plaintiff has failed to introduce sufficient evidence to prove that defendant maintained a known hazardous roadway condition. Plaintiff failed to prove his property damage was connected to any conduct under the control of defendant, or that defendant was negligent in maintaining the roadway area, or that there was any actionable negligence on the part of defendant. Taylor v. Transportation Dept. (1998), 97-10898-AD; Weininger v. Department of Transportation (1999), 99- 10909-AD; Witherell v. Ohio Dept. of Transportation (2000), 2000-04758-AD. Consequently, plaintiff’s claim is denied.
Court of Claims of Ohio The Ohio Judicial Center 65 South Front Street, Third Floor Columbus, OH 43215 614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263 www.cco.state.oh.us
ENTRY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DETERMINATION
Having considered all the evidence in the claim file and, for the reasons set forth in the memorandum decision filed concurrently herewith, judgment is rendered in favor of defendant. Court costs are assessed against plaintiff.
________________________________ MILES C. DURFEY Clerk
Entry cc:
Michael L. Carson Jolene M. Molitoris, Director 134 Somer Street Department of Transportation Hillsboro, Ohio 45133 1980 West Broad Street Columbus, Ohio 43223 RDK/laa 4/27 Filed 5/14/10 Sent to S.C. reporter 9/17/10