Carr v. Sanderson Farms, Inc.

215 So. 3d 437, 2016 La.App. 1 Cir. 1064, 2017 WL 658772, 2017 La. App. LEXIS 260
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedFebruary 17, 2017
DocketNO. 2016 CA 1064
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 215 So. 3d 437 (Carr v. Sanderson Farms, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Carr v. Sanderson Farms, Inc., 215 So. 3d 437, 2016 La.App. 1 Cir. 1064, 2017 WL 658772, 2017 La. App. LEXIS 260 (La. Ct. App. 2017).

Opinion

CRAIN, J.

|2The plaintiff, Towana Carr, appeals a judgment sustaining an exception of no cause of action and dismissing her claims against Sanderson Farms, Inc. We reverse and remand.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

This tort suit, which comes before this court for a second time, arises out of an altercation between two employees, Carr and Kevin Michael Webb, that occurred on their employer’s premises during working hours. Carr alleges that Webb deliberately struck and injured her with a piece of equipment known as a “pallet jack.” Carr sued Webb and Sanderson Farms, the employer of both Carr and Webb, alleging that Sanderson Farms was vicariously liable for Webb’s intentional conduct, and that Sanderson Farms was negligent for faffing to prevent Webb from injuring Carr. In the previous appeal, this court affirmed, in part, a judgment of the trial court sustaining an exception of no cause of action filed by Sanderson Farms. Carr v. Sanderson Farm, Inc., 15-0953 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2/17/16), 189 So.3d 450, 458. The trial court’s dismissal of the claims, however, was reversed, and the matter was remanded to allow Carr an opportunity to amend her petition to remove, if possible, the grounds for the exception. Carr, 189 So.3d at 457-58.

Carr amended her petition to set forth the following allegations. Webb was hired by Sanderson Farms on July 23, 2010. For several years prior to his employment, Webb engaged in a pattern of criminal conduct. Sanderson Farms, which conducts pre-employment background cheeks on job [439]*439applicants, was aware of this criminal history and Webb’s propensity for violent behavior, particularly toward women. After hiring Webb, Sanderson Farms documented two instances of physical altercations involving Webb, one that occurred off the premises at a bar |son February 5, 2011, which resulted in Webb injuring his hand and missing a day of work, and a second incident on November 2, 2012, which resulted in Webb being suspended from work for three days for fighting on the premises.

Carr and Webb work in the same division and section at Sanderson Farms and, at all pertinent times, worked the same shifts. Carr was personally acquainted with Webb due to his relationship with Carr’s cousin, Kathryn Hess. According to the amended petition, Webb’s relationship with Hess has been marked by several incidents of domestic violence committed by Webb against Hess. One such incident allegedly occurred on September 25, 2011, when Webb was arrested and charged with domestic abuse battery. He appeared in court twice for that charge, on December 1, 2011, and April 2B, 2012, and Webb provided Sanderson Farms with a copy of the notice issued for both court dates.

A second altercation occurred on December 14, 2012 at Hess’ residence. Carr was present on this occasion and, in an effort to protect Hess, positioned herself between Hess and Webb, demanded that Webb leave, and instructed another individual to call the police. In response to Carr’s actions, Webb told her, “Bitch, don’t worry about it. I’ll get at you. I work -with you.”

On the next workday, Carr reported the incident to her supervisor, Jude Cambrie, and her shift manager, Luke McDaniel. Carr described the confrontation with Webb and his threat to “get” her, and she expressed fear for her safety when around Webb. Cambrie replied that Sanderson Farms could not do anything at that time and that Carr should notify Cambrie if Webb said anything to her at work. McDaniel similarly stated that since “it didn’t happen here, we can’t do anything.”

Carr returned to work apparently without incident for the next two weeks until January 4, 2013. On that date, she encountered Webb while he was transporting a one-ton container of dry ice using a pallet jack. An employee | operating a pallet jack, according to Sanderson Farms’ policy, must stop the machine when pedestrians are present and allow them to pass before resuming movement of the equipment. Webb, however, did not stop the pallet jack; instead he deliberately steered the machine into Carr, who, despite her attempt to avoid being hit, was struck in the left leg. Carr said something to Webb, who then turned the pallet jack around and hit her again, this time striking Carr in the chest.

Carr alleges multiple theories of recovery against Sanderson Farms. Citing Louisiana Civil Code article 2320, Carr asserts that Sanderson Farms is vicariously liable for Webb’s intentional actions because his conduct was primarily employment rooted and was reasonably incidental to the performance of his duties. Carr also alleges that her injuries were caused by Sander-son Farms’ independent acts of negligence, which include disregarding its own workplace policies and rules concerning threats of violence by employees, disregarding Carr’s disclosure of Webb’s threat, and failing to say anything to Webb after being informed of the threat.

In response to the amended petition, Sanderson Farms filed another exception of no cause of action, which, after a contradictory hearing, the trial court sustained. In a judgment signed on June 15, 2016, the trial court dismissed Carr’s claims against [440]*440Sanderson Farms with prejudice. Carr appeals.

DISCUSSION

The peremptory exception of no cause of action tests the legal sufficiency of a pleading by determining whether the law affords a remedy on the facts alleged. Naquin v. Bollinger Shipyards, Inc., 13-1638 (La.App. 1 Cir. 5/2/14), 147 So.3d 207, 209, writ denied, 14-1091 (La. 9/12/14), 148 So.3d 933. In the context of the peremptory exception, a “cause of action” is defined as the operative facts that give | srise to the plaintiffs right to judicially assert the action against the defendant. Paulsell v. State, Department of Transportation and Development, 12-0396 (La.App. 1 Cir. 12/28/12), 112 So.3d 856, 864, writ denied, 13-0274 (La. 3/15/13), 109 So.3d 386.

The exception is triable solely on the face of the petition and any attached documents. Paulsell, 112 So.3d at 864. For purposes of resolving the issues raised by the exception, the well-pleaded facts in the petition must be accepted as true. Reynolds v. Bordelon, 14-2362 (La. 6/30/15), 172 So.3d 589, 594-95. The burden of demonstrating that a petition fails to state a cause of action is upon the mover. Ramey v. DeCaire, 03-1299 (La. 3/19/04), 869 So.2d 114, 119. Because the exception of no cause of action raises a question of law and the district court’s decision is based solely on the sufficiency of the petition, review of the district court’s ruling on the exception is de novo. Scheffler v. Adams & Reese, LLP, 06-1774 (La. 2/22/07), 950 So.2d 641, 647. The pertinent inquiry is whether, in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, and with every doubt resolved in the plaintiffs favor, the petition states any valid cause of action for relief. Scheffler, 950 So.2d at 647.

We first review the allegations of the petition to determine whether they support a cause of action in negligence against Sanderson Farms. As we did in our earlier opinion, we begin by pointing out that the immunity provided by the workers’ compensation act, which generally bars a negligence suit by an injured employee against her employer, does not apply to injuries arising out of a “dispute with another person or employee over matters unrelated to the injured employee’s employment.” Holliday v. State ex rel. Office of Financial Assistance, 98-2196 (La.App. 1 Cir. 12/28/99), 747 So.2d 755, 759, writ denied, 00-0234 (La.

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215 So. 3d 437, 2016 La.App. 1 Cir. 1064, 2017 WL 658772, 2017 La. App. LEXIS 260, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/carr-v-sanderson-farms-inc-lactapp-2017.