Carpenter v. State

61 S.W.2d 849, 124 Tex. Crim. 313, 1933 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 449
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedMay 31, 1933
DocketNo. 15887
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 61 S.W.2d 849 (Carpenter v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Carpenter v. State, 61 S.W.2d 849, 124 Tex. Crim. 313, 1933 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 449 (Tex. 1933).

Opinions

CHRISTIAN, Judge.

The offense is robbery; the punishment, confinement in the penitentiary for twenty years.

Appellant insists that the accomplice witness was not sufficiently corroborated. From the testimony of the accomplice witness, C. L. Little, we take the following: He worked for appellant for about ten years. When he and appellant moved to San Antonio they maintained their friendly relations. Being in need of money, he and appellant planned the robbery of a “Pig Stand” on the Fredericksburg Road. Going to the scene of the robbery in a car driven by appellant, they parked the car across the street from the pig stand. Appellant handed him a pistol, an overcoat, and a hat, which they were carrying in the car. He believed these articles belonged to appellant. Putting on the coat and hat and carrying the pistol with him, he left appellant in the automobile and entered the pig stand. Exhibiting the pistol, he took from the possession of N. K. Norton, the injured party, some money. Before he got away from the pig stand he was arrested and the money recovered from him.

Aside from the testimony of the accomplice witness, the state proved the details of the robbery by the injured party and other witnesses. The injured party identified the accomplice witness as his assailant. Again, the state proved by one of the employees of the pig stand that she saw appellant in the automobile across the street about the time of the robbery, and that after the accomplice witness fled from the pig stand appellant turned his car around and ran into a tree or fence. This witness wrote down the last three or four numbers shown on the number plate of the car appellant was driving. Shortly after the robbery officers went to appellant’s home and waited. In [316]*316five or ten minutes appellant drove up in a Willys-Knight automobile. It bore the last four numbers testified to by the witness who was employed at the pig stand. Moreover, the testimony was to the effect that the car appellant was sitting in on the occasion of the robbery was a Willys-Knight. The state proved by witnesses other than the accomplice that the pistol used by the accomplice witness had been sold to appellant approximately a year before the robbery. After the arrest of the accomplice witness, appellant asked one of the officers to get his coat and hat for him. He apparently referred to the coat and hat taken from the accomplice witness at the time he was arrested. The state proved by two witnesses that appellant asked them to testify to an alibi for him. One of these witnesses said: “Carpenter (appellant) told me he was in a little trouble and asked me to be an alibi witness. He told me he had stuck up a stand out on Fredericksburg Road, and that he wanted me to be an alibi witness and I told him I could not be.”

We deem the corroborative evidence sufficient. The law forbidding a conviction upon the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice does not demand that there be direct evidence pointing to the accused as the offender, but merely requires that there be other evidence tending to connect the defendant with the offense committed. Article 718, C. C. P.; Minor v. State, 108 Texas Crim. Rep., 1. It is not necessary that the corroborating facts or evidence should be such as to show guilt independent of the evidence of the accomplice witness. Johnson v. State, 84 Texas Crim. Rep., 400; Millican v. State, 109 Texas Crim. Rep., 673. The state is not called upon to point to some single or isolated fact which in itself, unrelated to other proven facts, will be sufficient corroboration. It is the combined and cumulative weight of the evidence furnished by non-accomplice witnesses which supply the test. Minor v. State, supra.

The indictment charged robbery by assault and violence. There was no allegation that appellant used a pistol. No motion to quash the indictment was presented. In the motion for a new trial appellant alleged that the indictment was insufficient because of the fact that it embraced no allegation that a firearm was used, the evidence having disclosed the use of a pistol. The failure to charge the use of a firearm did not vitiate the indictment. On its face it was sufficient to charge robbery by assault and violence. Not conceding that appellant is in a position to urge the point, it is observed that the question is not related to the sufficiency of the indictment, but is a proper subject for discussion under the rules pertaining to variance. Un[317]*317der these rules appellant would be in no position to complain. The case of Sweeney v. State, 281 S. W., 571, presents a situation in which the indictment charged robbery by assault and by the use of firearms. When the case was called for trial the state announced, and the court noted on its docket, that the appellant would only be prosecuted for robbery by assault, and that that portion of the charge which referred to firearms would be abandoned. This practice was held to be permissible. Moreover, it was held that the sole effect of the state’s abandonment of the charge that the robbery was committed by the use of firearms was to mitigate the punishment, and that the state was not precluded from developing all of the facts occurring at the time the offense was committed. In short, the court concluded that the proof that a firearm was used was properly made.

Notwithstanding he failed to raise the question until motion for a new trial, appellant contends that the action of the state in failing to indict him for robbery by the use of firearms deprived him of a special venire and of the valuable right of exercising 15 peremptory challenges. If the question had been timely raised, we would have felt constrained to overrule appellant’s contention. It has been expressly held by this court, as heretofore pointed out, that in case the indictment embraces a charge of robbery by assault and violence and also charges a use of firearms, it is within the power of the state to abandon that phase charging the use of firearms and prosecute upon the other. Sweeney v. State, supra; Gonzales v. State, 226 S. W., 405. In the same connection it has been held that such action on the part of the state precludes the appellant from exercising the 15 peremptory challenges allowed in capital cases. Gonzales v. State, supra. This holding is based on the fact that after the abandonment of the phase charging robbery with firearms the case is not capital, but is a felony not requiring a special venire. In Williams v. State, 45 S. W. (2d) 628, it was held that where the count charging the use of firearms had been abandoned the court ivas warranted in refusing a special venire.

Our discussion of the right of the state to omit from the indictment an allegation charging the use of firearms disposes of appellant’s contention that the court was required to submit in the charge the law relating to robbery by the use of firearms. The court was only required to submit the issue of robbery by assault and violence.

Appellant alleged in his motion for a new trial that the court erred in not charging upon the subject of alibi. We fail to find any evidence raising the issue. In any event, appellant [318]*318interposed no exception to the court’s charge, nor did he present a special charge on the subject. In the absence of an exception to the court’s charge or a special charge, the question is not presented for review. It is too late to except for the first time in the motion for a new trial to the failure to charge on alibi. Branch’s Annotated Penal Code, sec. 54; Williams v. State, 147 S. W., 571; Fowler v. State, 148 S. W., 576.

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Bluebook (online)
61 S.W.2d 849, 124 Tex. Crim. 313, 1933 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 449, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/carpenter-v-state-texcrimapp-1933.