Caristo v. Sullivan

818 P.2d 401, 112 N.M. 623
CourtNew Mexico Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 23, 1991
Docket19,190, 19,232
StatusPublished
Cited by35 cases

This text of 818 P.2d 401 (Caristo v. Sullivan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Caristo v. Sullivan, 818 P.2d 401, 112 N.M. 623 (N.M. 1991).

Opinion

OPINION

MONTGOMERY, Justice.

We granted each petitioner’s petition for a writ of certiorari 1 to the District Court of Santa Fe County to review the court’s dismissal of each petitioner’s petition for a writ of habeas corpus in that court. We ordered these review proceedings consolidated to consider an important issue common to both — whether the inordinate delays between the filing of the habeas petitions and their ultimate disposition in the district court entitled either petitioner to relief in the form of a default judgment or other remedy.

We are greatly concerned by the delays that occurred in the district court's consideration of these cases — almost five years in Caristo’s case and three and one-half years in Kinslow’s. While we believe that a default judgment may be appropriate in an extreme case for the State’s failure to respond to a writ of habeas corpus or other court order, we decline to impose that remedy in favor of either petitioner here. The State’s conduct — though not a model of diligent attention to these pending cases— seems never to have reached the point of stubborn resistance to the court’s orders that would justify such an extreme sanction. Nevertheless, we proceed to rule on the merits of both petitions in order to bring these protracted proceedings to an end and conserve judicial resources. We find that Kinslow is not entitled to relief and dismiss his petition; we reverse the denial of Caristo’s petition and remand his case for resentencing.

I.

The important facts relate to the merits of the petitioners’ claims and the course of proceedings in each case.

A. Caristo

Petitioner Caristo was convicted in the District Court of Bernalillo County of one second-degree and two fourth-degree felonies. At the sentencing hearing, the State announced its intention to seek aggravation of the basic sentences for the offenses under NMSA 1978, Section 31-18-15.1 (Repl.Pamp.1990). That section permits the court to alter the basic sentence for the offense “upon a finding by the judge of any mitigating or aggravating circumstances surrounding the offense or concerning the offender.” The judge found aggravating circumstances and increased the penalty for each offense by one-third of the basic sentence, the maximum amount permitted by the statute. See § 31-18-15.1(C). There is no indication in the record of the aggravating circumstances urged by the State at the hearing or of the circumstances relied upon by the judge in enhancing the sentence.

On August 1,1985, Caristo petitioned the district court for a writ of habeas corpus, contending that his sentence was illegal because he had not been given notice of the State’s intention to seek enhancement. Caristo filed his petition through counsel, the public defender, who represented him throughout the case. He also asserted that Section 31-18-15.1 was unconstitutional for failing to include a notice requirement.

The court issued a writ of habeas corpus shortly after the petition was filed. The writ ordered respondent (the warden at the penitentiary) to respond to the petition in writing and scheduled a hearing for September 26, 1985, at which respondent was to appear with Caristo. There is no record, however, that the writ was served upon respondent or the attorney general, and we accept respondent’s representation that the writ was not in fact served. Accordingly, no response was filed by the State. For reasons unexplained by the parties and not apparent in the record, the scheduled hearing was not held.

In April of the following year, the court issued a second writ in the case. Again respondent was ordered to respond and to appear with petitioner at a hearing, this time scheduled for June 12, 1986. Again there is no record of service of the writ upon respondent or the attorney general. Respondent apparently learned of the hearing date only after Caristo’s counsel sent a discovery request to the Corrections Department. Respondent then filed a motion for continuance, which the court granted on June 9, 1986.

After one and one-half months had passed without the court’s rescheduling a hearing, Caristo requested a hearing on the merits of the petition. The court did not act on the request. There was no further activity in the case for almost a year, when on June 9, 1987, the court issued an order to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for inactivity of the file. 2 Caristo failed to respond to the order and the case was dismissed; however, the public defender objected to the dismissal and requested a hearing, whereupon the court reinstated the case on July 22, 1987.

The court failed to act upon Caristo’s renewed request for a hearing and on February 4, 1988, again ordered Caristo to show cause why his case should not be dismissed for inactivity. This time the court held a hearing on the show cause order, at which it determined that the case would not be dismissed and that an evidentiary hearing on the merits would be required.

The court at last held such a hearing on May 11, 1988. Caristo presented testimony, undisputed by the State, that he had not received notice of the State’s intention to seek enhancement of the basic penalty and only learned that enhancement would be sought at the sentencing hearing itself. Both sides then presented legal argument on whether notice was required, and the court indicated a ruling would be issued within two weeks.

The court, however, never issued a ruling. Soon after the hearing, Caristo was informed that the case would be transferred to another judge, whereupon he moved that the judge who had presided over the case up to that point, including the evidentiary hearing, be permitted to retain the case because a transfer at that stage would “disrupt the orderly resolution of Petitioner’s case.” Over this objection, the case was transferred to another division on June 6, 1988.

After three months had passed without a ruling from the court, Caristo filed a request for a ruling. Another three months passed without a ruling, after which the court issued a third order to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for inactivity. Caristo responded to the order on February 7, 1989, pointing out that an evidentiary hearing had been held and a request for a ruling filed, and that there had been no recent activity in the case “because petitioner is awaiting a ruling by the Court/’ He renewed his request for a ruling.

Again the court failed to respond to the request. On April 17, 1989, almost a year after the evidentiary hearing, Caristo for a third time requested a ruling from the court. Again, however, the court failed to issue a ruling on the petition, although it did order, finally, respondent to respond to the petition. As with previous orders, however, there is no indication that the order was served by Caristo or by the court upon respondent. The State filed no response.

After almost nine months had passed without a ruling from the court or a response from the State, Caristo obtained a certificate of nonappearance and on January 11, 1990, filed a motion for default judgment, accompanied by a memorandum of points and authorities.

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Bluebook (online)
818 P.2d 401, 112 N.M. 623, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/caristo-v-sullivan-nm-1991.