Cape Atlantic Landowners Ass'n v. County of Volusia

581 So. 2d 1384, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 5646, 1991 WL 105618
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedJune 20, 1991
DocketNo. 90-703
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 581 So. 2d 1384 (Cape Atlantic Landowners Ass'n v. County of Volusia) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cape Atlantic Landowners Ass'n v. County of Volusia, 581 So. 2d 1384, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 5646, 1991 WL 105618 (Fla. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

PETERSON, Judge.

This is an appeal from an order dismissing with prejudice appellant’s third amended complaint. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

Appellant, a plaintiff below, complained that Volusia County improperly issued a tax deed for subsurface property rights by failing to comply with applicable statutory notice requirements and by issuing a single tax deed to convey subsurface rights to multiple parcels. The subsurface rights affected a number of lots in a subdivision. The tax certificate was issued to Volusia County and the tax deed to R.L. Hart, but both described subsurface rights that affected many lots in a subdivision, the fee simple titles to which lots were owned by a number of persons individually.

The third amended complaint alleged that the tax deed was void because:

[1385]*13851. A notice of delinquency of taxes pri- or to the sale of tax certificates was not given to each owner of a fee to which the subsurface rights were attached.
2. Each fee owner was not given the opportunity to purchase a single certificate covering the subsurface rights below their fee.
3. The required notice of the tax deed sale was published only once rather than on four consecutive weeks as prescribed by section 197.512, Florida Statutes (1987).
4. Section 197.502(1), Florida Statutes (1985), was not followed in that a separate tax deed for the subsurface rights was not issued for each parcel1 of property listed in the tax certificates.

The third amended complaint was countered with a motion to dismiss in which the following grounds were set forth:

1. Section “97.343” does not require that the fee owner of the surface rights may purchase a single tax certificate covering the subsurface rights below that fee.
2. The plaintiff acquired no rights by a violation of section 197.502(1), and a separate tax deed need not be issued for each parcel described in a tax certificate.
3. Plaintiff failed to allege facts showing standing to bring the action.
4. Co-plaintiff, Charles R. Powell, failed to allege his ownership interest in any property described in the tax deed.

The trial court’s reasons for dismissing the plaintiffs’ complaint were:

Under 193.481, Florida Statutes provide that when sub-surface rights are separated from the fee title to the land, sub-surface rights may be taxed separately and separate tax certificates issued thereon. On date of Tax Sale Certificate, May 20, 1985, sub-surface rights were taxed separately in the name of Atlantic International Investment Company. In Mortgage Book 304, page 10693, it appears that the Notice of Application for Tax Deed was published four times.

The applicable statutes pertinent to this appeal that prescribe the procedures for the sale of tax certificates and the subsequent issue of tax deeds for subsurface rights are found in the following sections of Florida Statutes (1985):

197.343 Tax notices; additional notice required.—
* He * * * *
(2) When the taxes under s. 193.481 on subsurface rights have become delinquent and a tax certificate is to be sold under this chapter, a notice of the delinquency shall be given by registered mail to the owner of the fee to which these subsurface rights are attached. On the day of the tax sale, the fee owner shall have the right to purchase the tax certificate at the maximum rate of interest provided by law before bids are accepted for the sale of such certificate.
197.502 Application for obtaining tax deed by holder of tax sale certificate; fees.—
(1) The holder of any tax certificate, other than the county at any time after 2 years have elapsed since April 1 of the year of issuance of the tax certificate and before the expiration of 7 years from the date of issuance, may file the certificate and an application for a tax deed with the tax collector of the county where the lands described in the certificate are located. The application may be made on the entire parcel of property or any part thereof which is capable of being readily separated from the whole. Consolidated applications on more than one tax certificate are allowed, but a separate statement shall be issued pursuant to subsection (4), and a separate tax deed shall be issued pursuant to s. 197.-[1386]*1386552, for each parcel of property shown on the tax certificate.2
197.512 Notice, form of publication for obtaining tax deed by holder.—
(1) Upon the receipt of the application as provided by s. 197.502, and after the proper charges have been paid, the clerk shall publish a notice once each week for 4 consecutive weeks at weekly intervals in a newspaper selected as provided in s. 197.402. The form of notice of the application for a tax deed shall be as prescribed by the department. No tax deed sale shall be held until 80 days after the first publication of the notice.
(2) Proof of the publication or posting of the notice provided for in this section shall be filed by the clerk of the circuit court in his office on or before the date fixed for the making of the sale. When there is no newspaper, the clerk shall execute and file in his office a certificate of the posting of the notices, stating where and on what dates the notices were posted.
(3) Upon ultimate disposition of the application for a tax deed, the clerk shall enter his certificate of notice and his certificate of advertising in the public records of the county with such other relevant documents as may be required by the department.

NOTICE OF TAX SALE CERTIFICATE UNDER SECTION 197.343(2)

The problem with the trial court’s order is that, while it is correct in stating that, under section 193.481, Florida Statutes, subsurface rights may be taxed separately and separate certificates issued thereon, it fails to recognize that the plaintiff did not complain about that portion of the procedure. The plaintiff complained primarily about the lack of notice under section 197.343(2), Florida Statutes. That subsection requires notice by registered mail to be given to the owner of the fee that taxes are delinquent on the subsurface rights that are being taxed separately from the fee simple interest. We conclude that the subsection contemplates a situation such as exists in this case where the subsurface rights and the fee are owned by different parties. The subsection also shows a preference for reunification of the fee and the subsurface rights in giving the fee owner preferential treatment in purchasing the tax certificate. The failure to provide the statutory notice denied plaintiff the opportunity to purchase the certificates and to merge the titles to the two classes of property rights if a tax deed could later be obtained.

A tax deed is void where requirements of notice to the titleholder are not strictly followed. Weiss v. Prudential Enterprises, Inc., 387 So.2d 457 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980).

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Bluebook (online)
581 So. 2d 1384, 1991 Fla. App. LEXIS 5646, 1991 WL 105618, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cape-atlantic-landowners-assn-v-county-of-volusia-fladistctapp-1991.