Canter v. Santana

• Court: District Court, D. Maryland
• Decided: February 28, 2025
• Docket: 8:19-cv-02395
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MARYLAND AMBER CANTER, Plaintiff, * v. * CIVIL NO. JKB-19-2395 STATE OF MARYLAND, et al., * Defendants. $

x * * * te * * * * * * MEMORANDUM Plaintiff Amber Canter has filed a Motion for Default Judgment. (ECF No. 124.) In it, she seeks default judgment on Counts 1, 2, 6, and 9 of her Third Amended Complaint. (/d.) Plaintiff's Motion will be largely granted, and she will be directed to provide additional briefing. I. Factual and Procedural History! Plaintiff's Third Amended Complaint raises various allegations against three Defendants, all of whom were Correctional Officers at the Baltimore City Central Booking and Intake Center (“Central Booking”) during the events that gave rise to Plaintiff's claims: Zanel Santana, Monyette Washington, and Uchenna Okeke. (See generally ECF No. 72.) Plaintiff's claims arise out of an “unlawful, unconstitutional, and brutal attack on Plaintiff Amber Canter. . . , a pretrial detainee transgender woman, which was committed under the watch of the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services (‘DPSCS’) by [Santana] at [Central Booking].” (Ud. 4 1.) Plaintiff also explained that “[t]his case also arises from the negligent, grossly negligent, deliberately indifferent, and or intentional conduct and/or omissions of [Okeke and Washington]

' The Court recites the facts as necessary to describe the claims against Zanel Santana and as necessary to resolve the pending Motion, given that Plaintiff has settled her claims as to the other Defendants.

that [were] the proximate cause of damages sustained by Plaintiff as a result of her constitutional right to be protected from excessive force, foreseeable harm, and violations of Plaintiff's right to due process.” (/d. § 2.) □

In February 2019, Plaintiff was arrested and detained at Central Booking. (/d. 4 18.) She

_ “became notoriously known by Central Booking correctional officers and staff as a persistent advocate and activist for transgender inmate rights.” (/d. § 19.) In June 2019, Plaintiff was promised recreational time by a sergeant, but then other officers refused her requests for ssireational time. (/d. {| 21-26.) In so refusing her requests, these other officers used slimes and insults related to Plaintiffs sexuality. Ud. J 22, 25.) Then, Officer Glaudia Vincent “attempted to lock [Plaintiff] into her cell for the evening, but [Plaintiff] refused and insisted that she” be permitted to have recreational time, as she was promised. (/d. § 26.) Vincent called for Santana, and Plaintiff “went into a nearby sally port, sat on the floor in the middle of the room in protest, and stated to Defendant Washington that she was not moving and [] requested that a supervisor respond to the situation.” (/d. {| 29.) “Santana arrived on scene and stood behind [Plaintiff] and shouted to Defendant Washington, ‘Mace this fucking dick sucker!’” (/d. § 31.) Santana “then put on his tactical gloves and acted as if he was going to strike [Plaintiff]” and “began pushing [Plaintiff] in her back with his knee as she sat on the floor.” (/d. § 32.) Santana then placed Plaintiff in a chokehold while she was still seated on the floor. (/d. § 36.) He “simultaneously took his left arm and clamped his right arm even more tightly around [Plaintiff's] neck, and he placed his left hand on the back of [her] head for additional leverage and torque, in an attempt to cause [her] as much pain as possible.” (/d.) Plaintiff alleges that the chokehold “was and continues to be expressly forbidden according to DPSCS use of force training directives.” (/d. § 37.) Santana “lifted [Plaintiff] off the

a _ = ~ ote YaST ~ x + at, aie ba ne We ele □□ es _—- ee = + SSeS | Cae En eae raat ane alae eh pe woe ath SESE Re ay □□ agrsts eee tee sa kt os aa pepe oat cs □□ ie Aes Ot =. fyi Ses | □□□□□□ aha + ee 2 pee RE □□ is age a □ □□ a □ Sera ace ees cs £ rete | yell Re oer egeen il same ue tees Sey Paces ie om. rol Be AEA Sy ee al □ es □□ ns SR oh Re eget et ae Le Eo. ee eee □ □□□ a? ae ee ie te □□□ Sgt ae Saag See Be eet nites oe | ae po □□ □□□□□ □□ □□□ ees yee IN C2 Aen Se Bina eek EIEN SE pe is eee es a yim er Se 4 £ Pig ee are □□□□□ □□□□ Tooele, ag A ts RR ae aia Seti, aie Sep Te teeta Nw ae ve een Pec wey ge sore + ee a ye Pa Pata Bet Marea et □□ ARIS ERS oP saps sie ge 4 aces = eget pry sc «eee S nies aie Oe See I TF ahh aN so □□ □□ Rese cee 5 SU oie) eae ar ott FS pete epee Berle Gel ee kee □□ aes eg 8 Pe Ay □□□ □□□ □□ ge RRR gk ae ies ey de eae pine Be 5 I Saar trop dee. ae TRA SE iP ee ay □□□□□ □□ Sethe □ eR OR ee ee Spe ae ee BRU UR Bees □□□ =" fete le, el eles PE Se erat 1a ay er aie SES aS ce a sie ee Te □□□ 4s Ss ape eee eed et □□□ □□□ □□ Sen ee Sa tA ae SA Se aS Oe a pe aie oe ay □□□ ‘ apie MEZA = +o □□ □□ ee hes beste Ser □□ coe Tins ae Eoin nor a aaaet See tee. | SN Ce □□□ good □□□ □□ □□□ □□ Sy Geen hn wet ats cue a ie tear ae gos cuents eect ya. 2 ieee genes a rage gee he □□ ays: aise □□ □□ □□ □□ a Te Sighete Be Taye ss Bets □□□ phe Ne eee Sets Sepia □□□ ee pene □□ □□ □□□ nae re hE ae ee ee a pada see ing. ee ee eh Sues 5: Lea EE RAY □□ ASE is □□□ □□ □□ □□ WE, Sethe) Degas ee ee rele eee □□ die eee See oes ae aga eS Ve □□ □□ □□ Ta et ee ee Eg ng a he geet ae SEE Meas pee are: eae □□□ □□□ □□ Sh eee □□ FS etige Ses Se See ee ag ee SSR ee ae □□ ae ae st □□□□□□□□□ □□□ □□□□ □□□ eS BSS yee teng ee eee ees 3 Sel aaa ee ee Nani ote So 8, Tabada eam, Cae □ □□□ ste □□□□ □□□□□□ ee Be eens Smee Ae ABT Bee ER oe Sgeig st Bete fy Mee ties Ss ieee □□□ ay ic eh eg) ot RR” Nene Sesh, Gaehateeie a. Pee 7 ee, EG Es Sie wo □□ □□ □□ oe UE Beare soe dane opeet gn athe Pte ue Sate hy ae Re ee ey "eee ape: □□ □□□□□ la? AT a □□□ □ tc. Ten eld ee ee aa Se aR, Og oe nd ae ee eee, ghee Oe uae □□□ es | oat oe eee Let Sead Magn iter a Bese we ae ire or hes es aaah SE Se oe Poigeete □□ □□□ □□ Sree =e iyiet = gbqultg i he Boca soe SEAS ete eee tas gies Re □□□ □□ □□ ee 7 Be eae AE Sry ES eee rd gee □□ Sais SBT teak hs Nae oon si gE □□ 5 atop te aE ATA □ Lene io sees Se SOR 8 peo 2 bays, pete ge nae NY ce eee □□ □□ OBES re ER SIR □□ ites Car eae a tee ies Sa ee Hikenge Ft aie PS a8 chi SERS Syst □□□ □□□ : Bea ae Es pega ae ae wet oe Ay aie SR EL Ses eee Se a SARS Me, Via □□□□ □□ MgSea ee. SER eh ee pan ee eee eee a ease ede no ieuaiee ee Moe (ee SCS cs oe See ea □□ □□ □□ ee ape oo TSE 2. SERS Aen □□□ oe Ate Sata A. ga, See ee Pugie gene □□□ a eer □□ AS □ ope LESSEE ee eB ae a Re Sate ja Lgastt eictaten ets os Bee □□ Sate SE gatien es □□□ Reg ete Sere k= el oe 7 J gS RE ee ees See ae a Stee Bee ie SSE? tems Fags

ground while continuing to unlawfully choke her, and he began to push/carry her out of the sally port and into a common area.” (Jd. § 38.) Santana “choked [Plaintiff] so violently that she could not breath and she was rendered unconscious within a matter of seconds.” (/d. § 40.) However, Santana “did not care” and “continued to choke [her] tightly around her neck while carrying her limp body across the common room floor by her neck for several more feet.” (Jd. § 41.) Then, “without any lawful or justifiable purpose, Defendant Santana intentionally dropped [Plaintiffs] lifeless body” and her “head fell from Defendant Santana’s waist-level down to the concrete floor directly onto her face.” (/d. § 44.) The Third Amended Complaint includes screenshots reflecting these events, taken from security footage. (See generally id.) No officers sought medical treatment for Plaintiff for more than ten minutes following these events, despite the fact that Plaintiff had been rendered unconscious and that she “had sustained a serious open head wound that was visibly bruised and swollen.” (Jd. 46.) She was. later transported to the medical unit for treatment and, due to the seriousness of the injuries, she was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital. (/d. 48, 49.) There, she was “diagnosed with a fractured left orbital bone, a fracture to her left optic nerve canal, fractures to her left anterior skull base, multiple sinus fractures, severe bruising to her left forehead, pneumocephalus (air pockets in the intracranial space created by blunt force trauma), and internal bleeding behind her left eye.” (Jd. § 50.) Despite directives from Johns Hopkins for follow up medical appointments, “the staff refused to allow [Plaintiff] to attend all her medical appointments in retaliation for her complaints of being assaulted.” (/d. § 53.) Plaintiff further alleges that “after her assault, Defendants Santana, Washington, and Okeke conspired together to falsify their use-of-force reports that memorialized their encounter with Amber in an attempt to provide a cover-up for one-another of their unlawful and/or criminal

conduct throughout any potential investigation, in direct violation of DPSCS policy.” (/d. § 57.) She alleges that the provision of false information has resulted in her being “made vulnerable to this very day to future harassment and abuse by other correction officers throughout the DPSCS system.” (/d. J 61.) Santana, Washington, and Okeke were criminally indicted on March 29, 2021 by a Baltimore City grand jury for their conduct. (/d. | 67.) “Santana was charged with felony First Degree Assault, and two counts of Misconduct in Office” and “Washington and Okeke were both charged with two counts of Misconduct in Office.” (/d.) On March 22, 2022, Santana was found guilty of Second Degree Assault and two counts of Misconduct in Office, and Washington and Okeke were found not guilty. (/d. § 68.) Plaintiff brought several claims against Santana. As is relevant for the pending Motion, the claims include: a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim premised on a violation of Plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment rights based upon excessive force (Count 1); violation of Articles 24 and 26 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights (Count 4); gross negligence (Count 6); and intentional infliction of emotional distress (Count 9). (/d. §§ 70-74, 82-96, 104-109, 121-125.) Santana has not participated in this litigation, and the Clerk issued an Entry of Default and Notice of Default in July 2023. (ECF Nos. 83, 84.) On December 9, 2024, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Default Judgment. (ECF No. 115.) The Court denied that Motion without prejudice, explaining that the Motion was woefully deficient, given that it provided no analysis and essentially no citation to authority. (ECF No. 121.) The Court permitted Plaintiff an opportunity to file a renewed motion. (/d.) Plaintiff has renewed her Motion for Default Judgment. (ECF No. 124.) In it, she seeks default judgment on Counts 1, 4, 6, and 9 of the Third Amended Complaint. (/d.) She seeks

4 □

compensatory damages of $400,000 for Count 1, $100,000 for Count 4, $100,000 for Count 6, and $100,000 for Count 9. (/éd. at 15-16.) She also seeks punitive damages for Counts | and 9 of $500,000. (/d.) II. Legal Standard After entry of default under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55(a), a party may move for default judgment. Entry of default against a defendant does not alone entitle a plaintiff to judgment as of right: “The defendant, by [its] default, admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact .. . [but] is not held. . . to admit conclusions of law. In short, . . . a default is not treated as an absolute confession by the defendant of [its] liability and of the plaintiff's right to recover.” The court must... determine whether the [conceded facts] support the relief sought in [the] action. Ryan v. Homecomings Fin. Network, 253 F.3d 778, 780 (4th Cir. 2001) (quoting Nishimatsu Constr. Co., Ltd. v. Houston Nat’l Bank, 515 F.2d 1200, 1206 (Sth Cir. 1975)). “In the Fourth Circuit, district courts analyzing default judgments have applied the standards articulated by the United States Supreme Court in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009), and Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007), to determine whether allegations within the complaint are ‘well- pleaded.” Vasquez-Padilla v. Medco Props., LLC, Civ. No. PX-16-3740, 2017 WL 4747063, at *2 (D. Md. Oct. 20, 2017) (collecting cases). While a plaintiff's factual allegations are deemed admitted, allegations relating to the amount of damages are not deemed admitted based on a defendant’s failure to respond to a suit. Meade Communities, LLC v. Whitaker, Civ. No. ELH-22-2381, 2023 WL 2914787, at *2 (D. Md. Apr. 11, 2023). Instead: the Court must make an independent determination regarding allegations as to damages. In so doing, the court may conduct an evidentiary hearing. However, the court may also make a determination of damages without a hearing, so long as there is an adequate evidentiary basis in the record to support an award of the requested

damages. Id. at *3. Analysis For the reasons that follow, default judgment will be granted with respect to Counts 1, 6, and 9, Default judgment will be granted in part with respect to Count 4. Plaintiff will be directed to provide supplemental briefing. A. Counts 1 and 4 Plaintiff brought a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim premised on Santana’s violation of Plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment rights based upon excessive force (Count 1) and a claim premised on Santana’s violation of Articles 24 and 26 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights (Count 4). With respect to Plaintiff's § 1983 claim, to state claim, a plaintiff must allege that (1) a person acting under color of state law committed the conduct complained of, and (2) the conduct deprived the plaintiff of rights secured by the laws of the United States or the Constitution. Temkin v. Frederick Cnty. Comm'rs, 945 F.2d 716, 719 (4th Cir. 1991). Plaintiff plainly sufficiently alleges that Santana acted under color of state law. Thus, the Court examines whether she sufficiently alleges that Santana deprived of her of a constitutional right. An excessive force claim by a pretrial detainee, as Plaintiff was here, is governed by the Fourteenth Amendment. And, in Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389 (2015), the Supreme Court held that, unlike the standard applied to post-conviction detainees’ excessive force claims under the Eighth Amendment, the standard for pretrial detainees’ excessive force claims under the Fourteenth Amendment includes no subjective component. Thus, “a pretrial detainee must show only that the force purposely or knowingly used against him was objectively unreasonable.” Jd. at 396-97. “Considerations such as the following may bear on the reasonableness or unreasonableness of the force used: the relationship between the need for the use of force and the amount of force used; the extent of the

plaintiff's injury; any effort made by the officer to temper or to limit the amount of force; the severity of the security problem at issue; the threat reasonably perceived by the officer; and whether the plaintiff was actively resisting.” Jd. at 397. Here, Plaintiff sufficiently alleges that Santana applied excessive force in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although Plaintiff was apparently not complying with a directive from an officer, the force used was grossly disproportional to her actions. Plaintiff did not present any danger to any officers, as she was apparently simply sitting down in protest. Santana did not make any effort to limit the amount of force he applied, as he essentially immediately applied a chokehold, rendered Plaintiff unconscious, and then dropped Plaintiff from waist height onto a concrete floor. The injuries Plaintiff sustained were severe, requiring her to visit the intensive care unit of a hospital. In short, Santana’s actions were objectively unreasonable in view of the amount of force used and Plaintiff's resulting injury, as compared to Plaintiff's minor infraction. Thus, the Court finds that default judgment is appropriate with respect to Count 1, Plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment claim. Further, Plaintiff seeks default judgment with respect to Count 4, in which Plaintiff brought a claim pursuant to Articles 24 and 26 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights. Given the foregoing discussion regarding the Fourteenth Amendment, Plaintiff will be granted default judgment with respect to her Article 24 claim. Dent v. Montgomery Cnty. Police Dep't, 745 F. Supp. 2d 648, 661 (D. Md. 2010) (explaining that Article 24 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights is construed in pari materia with the Fourteenth Amendment). However, Article 26 is construed in pari materia with the Fourth Amendment. /d. Plaintiff provides no explanation as to why she has sufficiently made out a claim under the Fourth Amendment, and in any event, “[i]t is well-settled that the Fourth Amendment does not govern claims brought by pretrial detainees.” Rodwell v. Wicomico

= ee Oo ae Set feb of DS Gos em ea ete ene Seiya > pe tS mt = = ee aleve ta, ee Sa Serta SS Se RNR NS” gee eedeese aces). Nas ia IST | eee Pe = = eS 2 ees □□ PUSS pee ote A the ea Ste REA ee IS ge Sees Gea eee Te Sat Se. □□ □ og reo pos weAcae! Pes hea ioe a ees □ a io eee IE □□ □□ TRU = ee ee oe a ght SERS Seg ete ne □□□ 4 Sete ae Ree □ □□□□ SS a Sihe SE ey Sas Suet cptebege ac whe oi. ly CER GeEE Ge gd aoe eer “po eesey Fie a) Sete □□□□ : sagt a See = eee te ee ae eee Horas eerie, □□ ye es. aes Se ee □□□□ □ □ □□ Er SS ES i cea ee gre □□ RNa ee. ag ye ce □□□ ARR oe eee gta oe □□ mee Ree. Wet wis See □□□ □□□ ; Gog = CSE □□ tee a eat Sees se Se ao ee fers ae tess A egy. Bene ote aes □□□ □□□□ □□□ RN Sees thee a Benge gue Sa ceeeee Ailes weet agi. ipewcenet ccs ea Rot TEs meng □□ Veg eH 2s Mee See Pee SS eae eee Be Se ene SO ee ma ge Ee meet □□ OR cw jo □□ tesa ME ee Ue eee eee eee aS Seley plese Speci Pps ie Fe th AG ee □□ iN eee a ip □ Sho sy a Be ea □ Sr ee Soe De a eee ee en a Cte ey Fae ee ae ee ee □□ □□ □□□ □□ a we DST Oo Eek ae SS Pane aS Pe eee ete aoe SS baci oe oo SH Sees 2 ga “ahi oe Roe a gee dee Se eee Sela Pe te, 8 Seng “So aig □□□ □□ a viatt tale otha ae gt alte Genta ag Geel oe □ eg lie Shen ig Weep ERS See of SES ei Gt, Se ay SERRE □□□ eps et ease las Pree one 2 cee Eee eo aot ere we on Air See Peer aay Pee nara ke ctiny eeeee oe ACB □ □□□□ * 2 DELL □□ ee hay ee eee eee ee ee ane are Sat wigs eae 2 = □□□□□ fe □ Se OL oe LTE oc ee ee te ES ae Tee □□□ seers 8 Bao ee See ut □□ □□□ a : EH aa Gea Veh a erate at eee: ech cece: SETA | og ee Oe □□ □□ □□ iat sp ager a a8 a a Pe a Na eg © Se ee weve ihe eee Re a. Sa ‘hese ade ae ‘ a ees, □□ □□□ □□□ Slew ag ao Braz Ft TEP Say See eee Se greet ia mats PPS vephPotis ~idreesit veieer-& faccerirageeyle™ cc ot ae Bie eee os, Bee ee ye Si OC ig ne tote siete, date Soe Seg Ce ae ee Ce ee oor eae. te 2% ee Me ALS Srila : TS het Bee: □□ eee eek et al ee oy Se ete mati SE ot Saher de 3 eR □□□ tees,, ince pe BTN ee lesan Gh = See bat phy Sie Wed aca oe. Sad i lege, site i ye sete Seo Piper Ghat ha Se ine bed eee ee ee =. eels eee, Se: Puls Set ely | Maeeaeoa, □□□ □ 2 uke oe Te aes es sae PS RS: Ee FEM BS My Rone EA EP ae. Gat □□□ □□ “aS “age □□ □□□□ Pa VE pl aA YE ae eae nee eat arene: eeaeigae EP pe OE ee JUS. Sail tig □ □□□ a ae ate - x Be, Sy he ee Oe A ip i Stee oer aa ge SS es a eer a i Mere ae □□ ssicven Bet Gat sug he Spi “Seo negueie Pas aerey gt phy SoM) ale ae ey eat □□ □□ □□□ ng, ks RRS ee Pach aa □ Lagin! Tees WER te ss ge Par Hie eA eS Sat Gs ge a a □□□ □□ ES (tks Ba fee oe whe: BEPC coc ge Spray gaten ig cen Ae REED GPAs oi Ste rete anim bapuegiar ay PE re Ts ea ony daggers ay Ae □□ te □ □□□ SORES PENS eR □□□ aa fuse tee ase Sie yea ees Se □□ came eS BU UA | Re re ERR PENNE ees eee ae eg eg ee RE TORO A teat □□□ = = Di hee eso a pe i Sn ate ate Tay TASER Ee ah ed ra oS) DEAE ca eee > oes ee ina ae □□ □□□□ gat ae oe ne fe ap □□□ | SE Ey ee ag ee age, Siete ie, te = shee Me □ □□□ oe hat La eee as aes aS is Se ee eee” FARR 3 5 met □□ □ ati ae eae nig eae ee OB igre A oe Vg ec eran fa aes te Re ge □□□□ a toe eee RR EES Ee oe ee ay □□ ee tery Ses veal A Sagat tee HEE □□□ EAE heen te ase EE Be! SCE oe ee, fh She i tia PEs: □□□□□ □ Sy ie Se bel ere SES SRST UES EN SPUN SgTCePRR Tis Pepe he ayers eI ESTE ON ee ES TaN a Se □□ □□ a eae ER □□ ae rat eas ah fags Peg ee Pili pi prereset OS EE MeEe B= □□□□□□□ Stele a eae Son ERR BES: ees eee □□ |S ee □ 2 haste Sas PU cede es nec. opel ates ae ree ally BE hoje ee tae wees Berean “tacit 8S ow gains So Agee et hae ae L ie iv eet □□□ □□ ae □□□ 3) Wt esa "See Bee ak. et te Ba ape Pe metre egy OS Taek ef □□ AF Utd er 9 GS es ate oe ae Pee Spee Hyg rect? Spies ir alate rags p tae ered bs ghee ey □□□ 2a Bits east paige oe SE a soe ees vm ES 5 Petey See □□□ SE OUR aie Kaan aes ee Tae ee Heaps We retin Wess naEe faite SE cr eee □□□□ Sos, 7 Bewihees ec eign (ee eae iS een eb MET ep ot yl et > Ce □□ ay 3 ete bee Got Se Py tae ath ee, eo, Mer, ies “SCE PRs ot Tarte = Teer □□ □□□□ □□□□ dosamie SiMe, Se WEY een ts oh ge rates et alte ew peat ns OP soles □□ 7! at a igstaadgo cs GARR ses eae hers, eee gee ape = Meenas Aes □□ SS eee eae tere gees ees □□ Sento oon eae □□ □□ Ea erates = Sap SLATE, gare aig EE SORE eS SSCS See □□ □□ □□□□ 2 eo SLR PE ENS Ree eine ee ame Meee are) ecaae ai Rigs os ES ee □□□□□ □□□□ to z “nse eidat tatty) Bets as ene Beane. Cote gan? ctaair este. Sams, nati Ee tA Ae es □□□ ie eee ye □ Ses GP UO! Spe) a1 taleae yt a Wea Ate: ree Se Se ag eal $2 a 3), ee oe □□□ □□□□ Big trae 2s poe Pan oy hag □ Se Seas wag Us Ra eect pe lon Sere Sa got erate BE 7 gr = Be □□ er Pan 5. Fgh sae Se AE SL ee HiME □ eREE se ae BS, 3 Beer eee a Seg eee Ta tt ye Sen pal Beet: gr is oF BE ae i Sp ac, Sen Ny ree ee teal ue a gees <2 * eee Big. 2 age CMP as iriagt Warmest ade Ss meee Wicket eee aes 2 oe ES ops, □□□ septs Tce wt Spee □□ ph Mahe ea ee See OR □□□ ee ee ag Fa et ge oD rae □□ Geteh deeb a ae Oo taitieks Ht car ee nleats oN ae ee foe © lies oa. efos oo al □□ □□□ □□ ee ECE SSE Eg tL ee ag et hes peg pee Bel Beit nae bee ea Re Sore: □□ etc hs a de Ree ee eR □□ □□ ee ee SS EGE AEA eee SS □ EN RAB ABE MTL Be finite use Me Span ta eee, aie, Gingeet tare we ee er eee □□□ ey 3 Nepal □□□ □ Se Saye eee oe het aeons ae ates Pees telltale NSS Og ES □ PS SR ae can) te ae oe eat OE ant Bivcy Menor a ott iam te iter ante Laken oe Scere ee eee Lf a7 Spay □□ oS ee Ne og La. BS ne 2 □□□ pa Ea S| ee. Sie cre umeNTE: yells TEES □□ See ress ye, 4x ic si =: whe Se te veer DERE ed RE Sree Sieg haba a eR Ore apie ieee) aay Seo ohne peepee □□□ □ □□□□□ RE Ag SRS □□□ Eg {SES oe Tee PIES GO TOE □□□□ □ □□ ee pariah Saft. REMORSE □□□ oe es SL re See SPS ee Tee ees oO Bae a a ieee eh □□□ ee 33 fot en □ ae SBR □□□ Se een wlee geen bate, □ ae ae ee eo oS MELE act yee eek. ty ee See ns wee Sane bie, fe ca od ed i eee : □ ant ee tte oe Pghage hea cr itge : Tees Gee tear So oe i ye □ a □ □□ □□ baal ee aie Wg Sa ee ee No: Somers Bye detec erie poh ae We ao ae ee Seth □□ □□ □ □□□□ ee □□ Se tear ye EGS hoi eee et SR ae ee ee oe Pal ep pong eEet tise □□□□ get J Fees Gea” adie ee “ae □□ eS gendyrn See eat Saas Ae je NS ee Se Ae EN SO ey □□ □□ □□ ssa ks : 3 Fe ea ot tte □□ ee ee ee SE oe a ft □ □ =, ele Fagee ws tees a Doles seh SE ee ne ae oy gear mene. ‘dk tu ee set ote re lip se Be ol □□ PBR otras Ce ey ER at ge Sean ee Vite Byes ee aoe tung ha seo de ee ea ho axe it □□ MR GRE Se oe cg ee ee ee Se ME eee □□□ HIS Rick RN □□ □□□ ty se BIRR ge ae ten pega = Se BS Saat ets □□ foe eae ae Bae 5 pie RI □□□ □□ □□□ ee ees ba cates a ee ee ree ae RES aos oes 72! Aare □□□□□□ AS Sa theo Sat ae Migr a □□ age A a ON pie eS AINA gee = Serle ‘Fee - □□ □□ = StS. 8 je Saag cee ery ae ipme oak AE pe Oras eRe he tS eS rat □□□ ee re oS Bet res RE □ oe RE tae Pe ae □□□ poe Sls PAOD BS PEE te PS EEE RN, Sat JER □□ 2G □□□ ASS [Ee RD □□ sees trac er eee ey ec oeeree Re. 8 a BD es eg a 2 9 Fs) Hee geese See Sepa ee ee eS □□ "ih es he Sees | eee, 8 7 oes □□ □□ □□ : eh Ee □□□ Sy cetera se □□ SMe “oe 6 pp ieee, > : 7 ort ine Ane nee abet Beta a.Tie SokU eoyee oer: See ar witiysehee coe AS Sy areas! 2 nk □□ ayes ey yi? ee eee Sid Ribas gel oe Tahisas eee, Spe epee Wer a cee nt ee ees Gg She ecw □ EE aE 2 BG 13 Uae ate Motte saat 4 ge Me Pe. ke Bd ce ge Beas □□□ □□□□□□ See ere ae PIR Eph EEK gt OREN EE SESE iin EE Gale □□ GP OR Re □□ Bole Sagi ae wegen Contes. ra, ee ee erty cae. Coeeky la sake Sontpe es Bees □□□ se Lee tev ANS gfhtian a ye auntietan See ger” HeiasNa sce Baar ee Pe eee nn aa es a eg Pe □□□ UPR LITS a po sray Le ee Pee □□ ale Gg A Sele a □□□ oe oe, Spee ete Pt are Fee Sr pene er □□ □□ | LR et io, SESa ey (Sasha eee ae ha pings, Nee Caray Se meee Geese spia MeN es Jo gtk 8 ae! a SE □□□ □□□ □□ aS ARs ED eS piel ad Mg ee □□ eR RE! Cee Neti Sa □□□ a ee oy Re ee eg a ne, Sa, ee ee ae □□□ Iees, eee. TM ee eR att □□□ □□ □□□ age, a. Megat) idl poiark eg DE gas "haste ener eins eae a ey eee, ite Tr Se Mo 5 □□□□□ □□□ □□□ ames Se □□ ity SMe ere iad ea □□ □□□□ ee a Seite Sete EE eae ae oe ere □□ ees ere eee eng ores SS ES Ra piproe □□□ □□ □□□ □□ ane chit ‘ead ee SR ee eee ot a ee hee Ae = Boe A A aS Se orl SE □□ □□ wich cpciars a Spe ree. ate ee ea a as RA pe Ce eee = ene bnn3 □ □□ arte 2 SSE SG □□□ ame Safe gi ee OE Eg eat RE ak gory oie ages — pds aya ope pose Bey ay □□□□ □□ □□ □□□ LG ARE Oe □□ Eo ode as □□ ae itat ger 2 Su) RPE RE Ug seks □□ □□□ ae nis oot Seah eee! hares eaten Ny | SE ATNy Pat ee oe ete alee Pe Ie iri karoge SD So PR es □□ y= Bese oe Xe ee see Megs, Se pata jee a eee Se anv ens serene TS Get □□ □□ □□ HEA cae on Bee TP a ee ee Teleet ea eS “oe rhak □□□ a Mo Yee ae □□ i ig at □□ □□ es aS taper Fea pets aah Se pectin Cente Eth nha Ss PN, idee OM sgh we eS am ee □□ a SARS VEEDO aiRD Sete lath ek aa ales pee tae ae earning anes FES a eat We ee ag yc eg deta et □□□ □□□ ay □ cD Sree giana □□ te ee annals Peer Saas eerste dar: a □□□□ □□ Satene FET pen age cee Sele ed ee ne See art EN apo eee Meera ee Eo □□□ eae ie, Se aria een eu cee ae Re ge ts SEE eg wy SOMA ee Fuge SSA meat! □□ □□ SANS Rie BR Ra ep se ee AB pla og BE ed □□□ ety, Sowa GR TE □□□ acala gS — aati tT ote gE aE Ry aad □□□ Ns ge PaaS □□□ □□ aj eal ee SE a pce eee = a ae Ree eS □□ eo) 4 7 Ry! □ tee wit A top ote ee Fe Ge a Se ae Se on tala WS ge! ae ee at □ is oP AgeAES SPO Poe Abe Gone Ae ae yb ee Peter Ge at ted! oi □□ □ Einar, aeee a Sq. Ee Mr ‘wageel: aoe a Tine ee! ee Birra se athe SPE □□ □□ Se came eee He tiste, Veer he este ie ees pao es AE RR atte Reba ef Ae mony tar ge RE REET adie Ar Toit Ne eek Te ee eg 0 ei a ee © eh. i □ 4 □□□ Moby SS □□□ nebo RETR aia eT a Pola a ae : PUNE he Ree aE ee ae. Sheena, Peas Ogas eco emas ea sos: ws ent Se ig Ae oe ARS MEE at oe eee ep ee ee) Ty eS" □ : SiS ' a = th Male oes La Oe Les SR aya | AT rms ae) ge ae & Sm 5 ty Sh. EN Te ES Se aang is AN “aor tee lige St 5 us a? 7 - v FS □□□ Te eee sow pre en =, Ao er ieee 7S 7 Us “ 7 □□ wt Bo Bis Beg BREE Shane penis Ugh a ee □□ te i et □ ee : Be SUR ge Aaa ee ee ae OSS Boe eh. Eo fs □ □□□□ ght Oa ete iat 9 hes tet © a. be, meen eee: EG Bo ah □□□ □□□□ □□ Beree ete US Te ik Bie Gen eee ea LE + Pest □□ □□□ □□ hee eb Bag 6. a eRe Tae seals os st a □□ □□□□ □□ es eR Pe ey 5 th. eth ee) Sg PE Ne at Tae oy Soe dew Tone □□ □□□□□ □□□

Cnty., Maryland, Civ. No. DKC-22-3014, 2024 WL 1178202, at *8 (D. Md. Mar. 19, 2024). Thus, the request for default judgment as to Count 4 will be granted as to the Article 24 claim and denied

as to the Article 26 claim. B. Count 6 Plaintiff also seeks default judgment on Count 6, her gross negligence claim. Under Maryland law, gross negligence is: an jtentional failure to perform a manifest duty in reckless disregard of the consequences as affecting the life or property of another, and also implies a thoughtless disregard of the consequences without the exertion of any effort to avoid them. Stated conversely, a wrongdoer is guilty of gross negligence or acts wantonly and willfully only when he inflicts injury intentionally or is so utterly indifferent to the rights of others that he acts as if such rights did not exist. Barbre v. Pope, 935 A.2d 699, 717 (Md. 2007) (citation omitted). For largely the same reasons described in the foregoing section, the Court concludes that Plaintiff has also sufficiently demonstrated that Santana acted with gross negligence as to warrant default judgment with respect to this count. Plaintiff sufficiently alleges that Santana was, at a minimum, so indifferent to her rights that he acted if such rights did not exist. Thus, the Court will grant default judgment as to this count. C. Count 9 Finally, Plaintiff seeks default judgment on Count 9, her intentional infliction of emotional distress (“IIED”) claim. ‘When a plaintiff alleges that a defendant, or agents of a defendant, committed I[ED under Maryland law, the plaintiff must demonstrate that: (1) the conduct was intentional or reckless; (2) the conduct was extreme and outrageous; (3) there was a causal connection between the wrongful conduct and the emotional distress; and (4) the emotional distress

was severe.” Alston v. Balt. Gas & Elec. Co., Civ. No. ELH-22-1061, 2023 WL 1472020, at *21 (D. Md. Feb. 1, 2023) (citing Manikhi v. Mass Transit Admin. □ 758 A.2d 95, 113 (Md. 2000)).

With respect to the second element, this Court recently explained that: [flor alleged conduct to be truly “outrageous” it must “go beyond all possible bounds of decency” and “be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” Batson v. Shiflett, 602 A.2d 1191, 1216 (Md. 1992) (quotations omitted). To determine whether conduct is truly outrageous, the Court considers “the context in which the conduct occurred, the personality of the plaintiff and her susceptibility to emotional distress, and the relationship between the defendant and plaintiff.” Brengle v. Greenbelt Homes, Inc., 804 F. Supp. 2d 447, □ 454 (D. Md. 2011). The conduct must go beyond the “mere insults, indignities, threats, annoyances, petty oppressions, or other trivialities” that are simply part of life and that the high bar of IIED is intended to screen out. See Haines v. Vogel, 249 A.3d 151, 162-63 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2021) (quotation omitted). There must be “a unique relationship” between the parties where the defendant, has a position of influence and knowledge and uses that position outrageously. See id. at 164. Police officers have such an authority and can been held liable for “extreme abuse” of their position. See McPherson y. Balt. Police Dep't, 494 F.Supp.3d 269, 286 (D. Md. 2020) (upholding a claim against two police officers who were “alleged to have used their authority as officers to falsify evidence of Plaintiffs’ participation in a homicide, resulting in decades of wrongful imprisonment and the attendant emotional distress”). Hughes v. M&T Bank, Civ. No. JKB-23-1993, 2023 WL 8282043, at *6 (D. Md. Nov. 30, 2023). Plaintiff has sufficiently established an IIED claim as to warrant default judgment, despite there being a high bar to establishing such a claim. She sufficiently alleges that the conduct was reckless or intentional. She sufficiently establishes that the conduct was extreme and outrageous, particularly in view of the sheer amount of force Santana used, his attempts to cover up the use of force, and Santana’s authority over Plaintiff. See, e.g., Washington v. Maynard, Civ. No. GLR- 13-3767, 2016 WL 865359, at *11 (D. Md. Mar. 7, 2016) (“[T]he extreme and outrageous character of the defendant’s conduct may arise from his abuse of a position, or relation with another person, which gives him actual or apparent authority over him, or power to affect his interests.” (citation omitted)); McPherson y. Balt. Police Dep’t, 494 F. Supp. 3d 269, 286 (D. Md. 2020) (“[Defendants’] position as law enforcement officers enhances the alleged extreme and outrageous

character of their conduct”). Further, she sufficiently alleges a causal connection between Santana’s assault and her emotional distress, and that her distress was severe. D. Damages Plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages. For the reasons that follow, Plaintiff will be directed to provide supplemental briefing. 1. Compensatory Damages Plaintiff seeks the following compensatory damages: $400,000 for Count 1, $100,000 for Count 4, $100,000 for Count 6, and $100,000 for Count 9. (ECF No. 124 at 15—16.) In her Motion for Default Judgment, Plaintiff explains that she “suffers from significant mental distress and significant pain and suffering, including but not limited to loss of sleep, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, because of Defendant Santana’s attack.” (Jd. at 3; see also id. at 15 (“Plaintiff has sustained significant mental and physical pain and suffering.”)) Thus, the Court understands Plaintiff to be seeking compensatory damages that are non-pecuniary.” “In the case of a default judgment, the plaintiff's factual allegations, other than those pertaining to damages, are deemed admitted” and “[i]f the court is satisfied that liability has been established, it must then determine the appropriate amount of damages.” Meade Communities, LLC v. Whitaker, Civ. No. ELH-22-2381, 2023 WL 2914787, at *2 (D. Md. Apr. 11, 2023). The Court makes an “independent determination regarding allegations as to damages.” Jd. To make such determination, the Court may conduct a hearing. Fed. R. Civ. Pr. 55(2)(b) (“The court may

2 The Court recognizes that in her Third Amended Complaint, Plaintiff explained that “[a]s a direct and proximate result of the aforesaid conduct, actions, and inactions of Defendant Santana and that [sic] stated elsewhere herein, [Plaintiff] was caused to suffer and continues to suffer” physical and emotional injuries, as well as “economic damages including, but not limited to, past and future medical bills and expenses, future lost time and wages from work, future lost earning capacity and unnecessary attorneys’ fees, all to the great detriment of Plaintiff.” (See ECF No. 72 □□□ 74, 96, 109.) However, Plaintiff makes no reference in the pending Motion to economic damages such as medical expenses, lost time or wages, or earning capacity, nor does she present any evidence of such economic damages.

conduct hearings . . . when, to enter or effectuate judgment, it needs to . . . determine the amount of damages.”). However, the Court is not required to conduct a hearing, and may instead rely on affidavits and documentary evidence to determine the appropriate measure of damages. Parrish v. Leithman, 733 F. Supp. 3d 371, 374 (D. Md. 2024). Plaintiff “requests that the Court convene a hearing to permit Plaintiff the opportunity to testify as to the nature of her damages in this case.” (ECF No. 124 at 15.) In terms of evidence reflecting her damages, she presents only hospital records from her visit to Johns Hopkins Hospital, which detail the extent of her injuries the day they occurred. (See ECF No. 124-4; ECF No. 124-7 at 68-91.) These records do not evidence any ongoing physical or emotional harm. The Court will not hold a hearing, but rather will direct Plaintiff to file supplemental briefing with appropriate evidence detailing her entitlement to the requested damages. As noted above, such evidence may be in the form of documentary evidence and affidavits, or whatever other evidence Plaintiff wishes to present. Plaintiff is reminded that “although specifically recognizing that a plaintiffs testimony can provide sufficient evidence to support an emotional distress award, [courts] have required a plaintiff to reasonably and sufficiently explain the circumstances of the injury and not resort to mere conclusory statements.” Sloane v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 510 F.3d 495, 503 (4th Cir. 2007). In the briefing currently before the Court, Plaintiff does not cite to any authority reflecting her entitlement to the amount of damages she seeks. Therefore, in the supplemental briefing, Plaintiff must also provide citation to authority supporting the amount of her requested damages. Further, as noted above, Plaintiff seeks $400,000 for Count 1, $100,000 for Count 4, $100,000 for Count 6, and $100,000 for Count 9. (ECF No. 124 at 15—16.) This is not appropriate. Although the Court finds that she has sufficiently established each of the four above-described

causes of action as to warrant the entry of default judgment, she may not recover separate compensatory damages on each, given that her alleged injury is the same. See Hartford Fin. Servs. Grp., Inc. v. Carl J. Meil, Jr., Inc., Civ. No. WDQ-10-2720, 2011 WL 1743177, at *6 (D. Md. May 5, 2011) (“Under what is known as the ‘one wrong, one recovery rule,’ a party may not recover twice for one injury, even if the party asserts multiple, consistent theories of recovery.” (citing Gen. Tel. Co. of the Nw., Inc. v. EEOC, 446 U.S. 318, 333 (1980))). Thus, in her briefing, Plaintiff must revise her compensatory damages request to account for the fact that she may not recover multiple times for the same injury. 2. Punitive Damages Plaintiff alleges in her Third Amended Complaint that she is “entitled to punitive damages against Defendant Santana in that his actions were undertaken intentionally, knowingly, maliciously, willfully and/or with a reckless or wanton disregard of the effect on [her].” (ECF No. 72 4 125.) In the pending Motion, she seeks $500,000 in punitive damages with respect to Counts 1 and 9, (ECF No. 124 at 16.) As with her request for compensatory damages, Plaintiff will be directed to provide supplemental briefing with respect to her request for punitive damages, which must include citation to relevant authority. The briefing currently before the Court does not include citation to authority establishing any entitlement to punitive damages. 3. Briefing As noted above, Plaintiff will be directed to provide supplemental briefing with respect to her request for damages. Plaintiffs must serve a copy of this Memorandum and accompanying Order upon Santana, so as to allow him an opportunity to provide relevant briefing if he so wishes. The Court presumes chit, because Plaintiff has sued Santana in his individual capacity, and because

= 38 t= “2 = fe a le aT i dS ie, ee ee at □□□ oS Fig ays Tian eae □□□ St po Pen ee eS eee ee ed? gtk aaa Gomer et eRe eee eee Gee ea Pes RD es es city epee eh □ ae oo Be Be Ree cer eget cattg tas es oad Steet ee Sete 7 ER eka □□ □□□ = ty ae gl Tepes ee Se ee ee he ees OMEN eet oa eat ae * Sea a ERS □□□ zy = ee 2 SS eh □□□ aS Ey Nes a ees ae gt tog ee ay Tse : eee □□ □□□ cee Stages rg Oe Se pad ee sh ae Agee See aoe eee eee Bie Pee ea sg □□□ □□ □□ □□□ □□□ □□□□ pee ae, Pe eee dal Sri. PE She! oe PSE Cages Tas ede 2 ep 2S eetieemtne uae □□ □□□□ □□ □□□ yi pe ee |e ore □□ SE is See Ree ton SF 2G hyn ees Be st aides Seagal sacecne □□ □□ □□ sedge np ee Saeed nee ah tre eg is ipa see ne Bet) oars ote ae Tee alee ty ae ont oe ed - iat as ere □□ □□ □ □□□□ SeRE Se aN as ate fee oo ee orga oth ie fate ee Be □□ Sy, ease Po □□ □□□□ □□ □□□□□ Ee ee ee sae ee uitt: ae ae nee ee sigeccce? ok oxime oer Pe Se ral hie eoeciee □□□□ □□ □□ □□ ie i a RES et Sige Pas ae ae isco» tates eg Crna ties □ □□□ □ □□□ □□ oe ieee eal Gere SL ee □□□ gE eat UOTE Ci aaa: See □□ □□□ Saye □□□ sr es Ae ee ade a □□ Saga ae ope igen pss ee eg: co rate See wea Sa eS Tigues et one □□ □□ □□□ feet oe age ae epee eke a weer A es Hehe eee Sr elie or ste □□□□□ □□ □□ ee Senet wie as □□□ ene te □□ Se he □□□ Deca ite eee ee ees eee lee ae Set wee | Oke ep ae eng □ □□□ Ge, CS ah a □□□ ee Eee Tees, epee □□□ teye eh epee te yrs ag aie ee es □□ □□□ cP ys fo) ES ana ee Go 1 ee ea eee “aie (STE aes peed a BLAS ok aus see ee □□ ee Five yin chi Scent genes, eee ae ee ee Pere ee ROSS OU Rs □□□ Pa Helos ASCtL Ws aoa ede elas ee a ta SS ae fe ep Uns SRR □□ □□□□ □□□ “Ree ae mre Sener □□ eee iene Ae ee ee (etabee TtSeae wc fBeperse ESE Cae ok Ba □□□ Se meet ee meee bgt HEE ox. ees sei Bee Ban, Noeee □□ luerin es Se □□ □□□ SPM □□□ as eee Aa, Ga PE □□□ tin □□ ES ea eS Seis See a A SON. □ □□□ □□□ apBie etsy + son eee fe cara ete) eet jie eee ete ARE wae 2 ne ee Rue Misys Br ee ES □ | The Ga CS erg. □□ iene angen Pee ae RS ae ee eet Ses =e ie is et Roepe □□ BLS □□ anaes ae i), De tt ond See ee (atime oes Taha = ae Si i be Behe ga) eek ya eae SX peat □□□ ECTS ES □□□ ke Seles Se Stag eee. eat ge Se Be □□ EET GS Spee = SP San Serene □ Ftienrcene □□ See wha Beee oe □□ eg ti Agee soem tare Eyles es oT Sage Fass eye eee. □□□ eked ke Tea Sy wore’ ee Ae? nase □□ glee Te oa ea Soy aes es ee tae LB, nde eo ake a Soe agit es ASS ai □□ Weert SEES eS Deep SU oth rc as SSG ho ea ee oa aegis he jaa pe ay Saat □□□□□ □□□□ | □□□□ ee □□□ yang. cite Sa Se a IRL a Brg □□ Sai OR TAR SES me eo See are | SF ie Te ARES. gets □□□ □□ □□ ae SE aaah Peete His Me eres eee 8 ie zn eta Se □□ maiko □□□ ea Bee uy [eat ee □□□ □□ aah. | oghet: corte es ghee =F Pree ede pe Bee ees □□ □□ ea eee bees ae □□ □□□ □□ aes act nS: ee ee apes a ee ae TES es eae Re sa □□□ □□ hot ct baa Soe Suge, Sta hae ee Bitect gl pet 1 eae □□ eo a ae □ □ peers irre ee 32 a os SS ewig se ee ee ee EEE? eV TEPESS vipat, oT pat cat seat? □□ □□ □ NO Bee, gor Tee ee Suet gehen es Rs Wi cee Ber st a oun | Gea ll i ee SSR ESSE ches □□ □□ eo ae Bie ce pee oe eee ee Se pee gata a Se AM aoe Bs Spee * Hate aes Ai Puts fin gis th Waren, Sai, fies Sik gee eA EN Sa □□ ae fee 7 pees, BARS □□□ □□ eel eight Segoe 7 Pees cae ee ee ae tote epee ee eee Ce SE a at be Pete □□□ a sen ae eer ee oe ae ae eps Heh gee, nc DE Hea ees at oe ae ae 7 wr te SS eee □□ aint Ses ae hae iat □□ eee Tn one = PN □□ ea ioe hye a ghee □□□ shes RR mae Dette □□□□ — at □□□ aE) See LSS rete ee Se Men ue rae, Gerke a ee AT es Se □□ fesih' rie wt eee es rae eis a Bee aioe ths het eee ee TS Pe eR Sige SEN ase Bees Ths + □ pees soa ae ee Ree ee □□□ Ts Ane eS yee a Sa re □□ □□□ a at gt ee Wig □ □□ x pra ae iat ee Eee Sis CTU 9 ems see Ses int at Sete = aati por war Xoo eee x TYEE — a ae □□□ □ □□ peceriags: ay Ageia it Sp RR cap a Sy ct toperee es sue Be Bae Bae =f os BS □□ □□□ ee sittin Oo is Hae Std acc Seo a4 Se et gS, | ee at ee □□□□ ese Pos: PSS eget rs taiak iat lose Ste ime. ance i ok See ae te SSS. Man eee □ of Sesto Soe ARS Gage eed ee sea Pees GP ok: FSA SAS pores Sage □ □□□ □ Serie zt eat aeal Se Sie ee geen eee pac pee i Rese Set aay ES ee □□□□□ □□□ □□ fuse ae □□□ = Shoe Se Rees ele gee ae nee ar 2 ie SEE □□□ tw ee ae a pee SE age ya ee fame tee peers Sie ae □□ □□□□ :

ie ae. oe ie oe ae ra tree ied EES on fe ae So gh era et Fo kag ee □□ □□ as. Sails ay ogee Fag ME gees ia ee Mg ae Lease ahs. □□ 2 ee tae ae □□ □ □□□ to TT ee 2 not SEG ES a es ane oO me Tae fog Sette □ SE er Shree aes +i po : Sah oo 5 eee titer tae fee op eee ae aroeiese | Reem as, ae ee “Skat See eS + are Siyerhe RS □□ z ee □□ cig ee teas Ne ec UERERES ee AS 78 Ea □□□□ □ tee a Sis Caer tr aiepa iceapectr Op RE eee | ST > Mp gears ro ~~ ot amy □□ □□ ee See SU es acre Bare ee le Bey! □□ go eh aie itege | BP mat a ey ae □□ fae nese nS Sg fo en ite ote □□ □□ Te ge ee Sy Tihs 3 □ □□ Bae: Cen get Se Regt eye eee anal Seer Se pee See RT drs ong See as, San sake : □□□ □□ 7 Nie [genres teas Ge ee es Sie@ae oe pees Set ada □□ a2 oe ee. Spelt: Wepre (he etiam metas ERE a See SS ee TRS BE cor 4 Ba os □□ 20 eae oe ete ya Boe ANS eo eT ONE Ee Sates Se ea soho ager GS bo □□ Ihe aaa ota! □ x Feet het =f ee pea ss Sodas ss: Tiana ee = ees ee 2 igen Ae Me Oil cas Taeeaie □ □□□ □□□□ □□ Pa ad nce ie SEB pe = □□ SMa gt A ivi ar? go TSE a Bong, SY outa a □□□ □□□ □□ ceed 4.0. SERPS eS ot eats re IS Gem oe Sen ed sett! Fe oa dege VS TAN Steele Sy □□ □□□□ 3 ay fee □□□ Seine eee oe re ae ites hr Fee BE 4 4 ATA □ □ □□□□□□ aa tg” i fhteg = SEES Sree eS oe eee pasa ate ot □□ tees Sate 235 Sees ot ey 4 □□□ □□□□ oe a? - Begs ee eats Se thot fact eh ig ee age □□ ehiee Uae oe SE eae ee ee A □□ □□ □□□□□□□□ ee a sa RSG ees Ree gh eee bE ee ee Fear ener! Sa are ot PE SERRE □ □□□ □□ darian 2. Wee detaeiae ees Roe Prien eps ae eee eS wees Seeks een □□□□ beet + See □□□ □□ igh es jE he AS ieee ihe Woes hea 2 ul es Sig ee a, oa ter te EB Nee □□□ ae EB ae eT SPs ple tam GREE if gut. tae te □□□□ □□ siden I, RE ie ah ee Nees ee See Pee a Eee Bee ietemt Ag Eo Bh Bq 2k OO Seay □□□ ‘ el Byeeeteete tan ae 2 fore ee ee: PB os ogee ee □□ Bee AS ee Reet eae BS □□ □ □□□ Buses Ae ees emt senee ie ee 2 sips Peete cc ate pee? ety” Lees jes 2 eee □□□ □□ eGo sep ge BES oc eee EG. Smeg teee Meet ie eae Se ee ee yy Si ts “oe See, SE An ps Gh Spe as gee aay Ges es ce □□□ ei vba Se □□ Foe iets Bd seas □□ = aa ae ate ake Po Tphigere Oats □□□ Ley ag hie page □□ cage yt agegea Fein □□ eke □□□ □□□□ ess RS picmye te Shae Se PN aii Peres sos FE tle. eee xe Save J Seer ae Hele □□□□ □□ □□ ee, $B, gt lens Cen ee eee Seg eg es sare Mtge 7 i hee Pa meena □□ ken ee eR, Barbee □□□ □□□□ ghee NU oe A eC eae eaie meee per se ea ee: TERE it UE = .e%G) See □□ aa es ue Le □□□ 2h eS, aoe: 2 sey See Cg oe Sea Oe □□□ gr. fess lee Oar avi se □□□ re jaa al Be a ty i □□□ a Sgt EM ee eee Ye ea 7 □ □□□ □□ □□ SE ay □□ HEE gee Rae eee gs ECan a Oh 5 ed TEA, eta ns Seats: UE peat □□ □□□ aes re ee ee, oe ee ee ee Pie uuari rat □□ □□

Ee ay □□□ Sa BSG 2a tee pine TO EE Sirs Gent otiece ceases □□ a Se a fds EMSS □□ □□ Ss SR Ee Ne ee tg □□ oe ee St ater □□□ Fe bac Ries cee ee □□□ □□□□ □□□ Se OF TAR eae leh □□ peel a et ee eS ea gga eee cia ek eS Say, □□□□ □□ □□ os {2 Se Brest ota obese OTe ettice egig STE ES aN □□□ EME Bee RS IS Kubler □□□ □□ | SES ae a ee, See Pe 4 Signe ae ee Pores A oo Parr □□ See tesa Ss □□ So ee = apg ee ee ee a LS Re bee VES □□□ = oe es St ge SPob segs Sen tee ag Se Ray a becered wr) as ci a □□ Societe EES a AT Asie sees. A gets i ghee Pf nae eae es ES MEytetsia □□□□□ □□ □□□ a See Pd, Oe een ee ppapOseae rane = ae Stee See ASS rR eae | pate susie eae □□ tie wie □□□ EL ES ae ee a) Sept ak des Bs sseihe Hiei □ □□ ar | ala Sea See ee, Oe oe ee eee Meee Tete ERTS □□ □ □□ □□□ = Seaineeeee fon oes Seagh tee nee meee ren Si ae eee tee See ee eer yaad fone ee □□ □□□ □□□ □□ ate ed ai Saye Mie Rash, 2 ee epee Fie en ga a dee Rae ae to eet eds a al Oy = □ = Ue ght Bsa ederees Fa Se a = eae beeen Peg aa eee Siang eos wage oe ms i □ □□ □□ od SR ae Sets ke □ ea OS ER. Fel we agp oe Sb □□ □□□

eek SS SoBe. yeh eee epee tee etnies Gy ears | Reese ree | es SNteeggaerce □□ rate ee el Be SER ey sees 3 ahd Wont ge x ay ies poor wit eee ceeeeveltarc., Pes eee Awaitey in ae ae! LS eee Oe, A ee dinner cyte Essie Peace, yee. Sega Seem Daeg ot ages Ga Cy ae move ore □□ □□ □□□ ea Ba gh SSS ae es Gene pe calecg eS aaa □□□ eo RE PATE ee ET See vate □□ Rigas = ee sind PRE PERE 3 SN causes Mt aia eine aie reget ee le □□□

Be lagu ke eaeass □□ Tee: Sa aegis «SO a a ee ge essa rah... Rervaetes fee See 4 ee □□ ERE oy ist 4 aR aS Ss LS Se ate, = ot □□ ae eet fe deletes Pee it ai Rte SS ork. □□ JF hs □□ | et ee tel . eee eS ARP ner a ak □□ Be □□ RES TOR at REY ot aise + eid □□ □□□ □ ST See Pee gl ye ery Ss ee eae. Bese Gr a BETS on □□ ect a + a Bee eee auc nage □□□ □□□ fie ee eee eee □ eae. □□ □□ Sige eee 2 gate ee as Sale este age ne eae □□□ □□□ ae oc, pag □□□□□ □ □ ee on Ke anes 2 He ee Ne eehecas Sarde ov Stig Sapte fore yr eee a wh ae a, pa □□□□ □□□□ □□ ig Ree ey ee sale Sk eae □□□ Et ae OES Sgn See SS ee oe Sees i aye tt SE. □□□ ie □□ Re Sere SS hn ee ir Bees ee sie oe ae eee aes ae Sey eR □□ fe □□ RE PGT pbseds Puy goog Saas Piper ten sn ee (ref eee oP Wize ae alge! aa nl □□□ □□ □□ eeune Ea oot feegts peat Sage Agee es nee fe ag Goss eae EE a OE: □□ ae Elk te ~ ae: sae ere pas SES Sayed at Sate hee te Fae aby % fe aes □ □□□ Saas Sota. Hisgeh ee ie pages ee ote ae ek de pepeig ae Bone Ries ae a □□ □□ □□ □□ eee Ve □□ Ee ee ee eee Pe: pong ae et Le es yp tee ee □□□ □□ Hele Pet ee We oy iShe : See SBae es ae ieee Vode ieee Angee □□ □□□□ □□ cata tte ne = whee = aves es rece ae ae ees ss peers ie Diigo ee gS aa See ae Sere = 3 tine □ : □□ ORs ae a ieee SE We wads iiiie Peter gases oe Sear ae se Ee mE agi Se ERGs ea Ree □□ □□□□ wet dis BRS tA eo A ee RS ES ee ee pean es a, efit yost ieee oe eat Soe ae □□ □□ □□□ Retna sas any gale eager ea HTS oe Soctce fe Ree eM eS aa ee Ty Sas ST ee eee □□ □□□□□□ oe ME wns te Peg iam an Tg BE Saree Ge Sa oe sents agg ee te TRO yeas mee sree □□□ □□□ tape Teas. | Fee eee pee Rotts. pain Sees oat Spig gh ete epee ee SS □□□ EST ON 7 ne SESE SH □□□ □□ □□ Me eee fei nce slegikorts agitie fe Nt we eee □□□ □□ mo soars ee eet aheee = ye rere ei □□ EEE? hihi Bo Shak Ee jet aw 3g ee pee □□□ □□□□ □□ □□ x Pe pee ee teat ad sae Cog ENS Yo nyt PO ee Rage gay eee es bgt NaS VER, Feo 2 FY leg Cee ee □□□□ □□ Be $2 Ue: Sapte Sie actos Sooyeseer dae Gavi ee aeeie, aS eps! eee me Sa ar □□□□□ = yup Se teitr Serer | aes ah By eae, Ue ate hee eee tin “ete oe am be foie soe □□□ □□□ eae i engi nal eae a ee RR ee ee Ee | Se he gee : Sane ae □□ EE og LE Biers Bie oe Me al Sa ie ube gaa ee ‘ete te □ Jeg Ps ee a ee a

. | SRS IN geaae Secee Sree Rare tae ees ieeehee, 2 Be ae aii tae Lope Fs ‘ores =k Te Mee sae, te Ry, ta tensa ee BoM ae I we gy Sieg AA Be PLES. eae □□ □□ We St eee eae wt cote lomce 2: hie paneer Spies See Se □□ eee : oo □□ yg, □□ ceeds ees 2 ug ees ee? Re SEE a sg YS ree □□ ges jis Fey EE RSs SS Se Cae ae ey eae fad FR ee OR eek ‘a Mea’ □□□□□ HE Sit) Pty, es ee. =e" eae ee ieee Io PS Tae : Nt se fig, See See Gye Pies (Seo a Meee eet Reet oe? P87 he Gee weg □□□□ □□□ see fm te Mae ree ed = f=: My ae pepe □□ SS a Se ES mrt ne Pear ea ae □□□□ □□□ ie JE Ri Poaceae Seer cee Tease es ah ets ee a5 Titer es onde ; oe □□□□ □□ eee is” ethics 2S ce tease tan L282 orcs cos megs Seta lets nL alg Pee □□□□ □□ □□□□ See □□□ □□□ aN gt □□□ UASRSP SL SSS (se aeee ca fe EE oe (eae ee wi □□□□ □□□ ete gs a rita TaN hte ae SO ans eee ewes eee oer “Sx □□□□□□□ □ □□□ = bees He So see ea Soe i a Oe at & Bee □□□ □□□ tate. tue hoes Son oS See □□ □□□□ et te eo Weta □□ □□□□ □□ pie □□

she alleges that Santana acted with gross negligence, see Md. Code Ann., Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5- 522(b), that she will not seek damages against the State of Maryland or any of its agencies. However, counsel for the State of Maryland will also be directed to file briefing regarding its position regarding the payment of damages. IV. Conclusion For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff's Motion for Default Judgment will be largely granted. It will be denied only as to Plaintiff's request for default judgment with respect to her Article 26 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights claim. Plaintiff will be directed to provide further briefing relating to damages, as described above. Santana will also be directed to provide briefing relating to damages.

DATED this 2 7 day of February, 2025. BY THE COURT:

fe ) ene, ZA - (A, A, James K. Bredar . United States District Judge

□ 13