Cano v. Malone

567 A.2d 298, 237 N.J. Super. 272, 1989 N.J. Super. LEXIS 426
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedSeptember 29, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 567 A.2d 298 (Cano v. Malone) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Cano v. Malone, 567 A.2d 298, 237 N.J. Super. 272, 1989 N.J. Super. LEXIS 426 (N.J. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

MENZA, J.S.C.

The issue in this case is whether the “discovery rule” may be utilized to extend the time in which a notice of intention to make a claim must be filed with the Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund Board, (fund). This question is a novel one.

Defendant Malone was involved in a collision with an unidentified vehicle which caused his vehicle to strike the house in which plaintiff resided. Plaintiff was injured as a result of the accident and has brought suit against Malone and the fund. The claim against the fund is based on the assertion that a “phantom” car was involved in the accident.

The police report of the incident states:

Driver # 1 states that while proceeding west on Westfield Avenue, Vehicle # 3 swerved towards him, causing Vehicle # 1 to strike the rear of Vehicle # 2. Vehicle # 1 then struck 43 Westfield Avenue, causing resident Luz Cano to complain of headaches____

Vehicle # 1 is identified in the police report as the Malone vehicle. Vehicle # 2, a parked car, is identified as the vehicle of one Ediznia Barrios. Vehicle #3 is identified in the police report only with the letter “U.”

Defendant fund moves for summary judgment on the basis that plaintiff failed to file a notice of intention to make a claim with the fund within the 90 day requirement of the statute.

Plaintiff claims that he did not know that an unidentified vehicle was involved in the accident until he received a letter from Malone’s insurance company denying liability.1 He states that on receipt of the letter, he immediately filed a notice with the fund — a period of 163 days after the date of the accident. Plaintiff argues that since he was unaware of the existence of the “phantom” car, for a period of time following the accident, the discovery rule is applicable, and therefore, his filing of the [275]*275notice of claim within 90 days of receiving the carrier’s letter was proper.

Defendant argues that the discovery rule is inapplicable to the 90-day provision of the fund statute. He contends, moreover, that even if it is applicable, it is not appropriately applied in the instant case because the police report clearly indicates that a “phantom” car was involved in the accident.

N.J.S.A. 39:6-65, the notice statute, provides:

Notice of accident and intention to file claim
Any qualified person, or the personal representative of such person, who suffers damages resulting from bodily injury ... arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle in this State ... whose damages may be satisfied in whole or in part from the fund, shall, ... within 90 days after the accident, as a condition precedent to the right thereafter to apply for payment from the fund, give notice to the board ... of his intention to make a claim thereon for such damages if otherwise uncollectible____ [Emphasis supplied]

There are three exceptions to the 90-day rule. N.J.S.A. 39:6-65 states:

... provided, any such qualified person may, in lieu of giving said notice within said time, make proof to the court on the hearing of the application for the payment of a judgment ... [1] that he was physically incapable of giving said notice within said period and that he gave said notice within 90 days after he became physically capable to do so or in the event that he did not become so capable, that a notice was given on his behalf within a reasonable period, or ... [2] that he gave notice to the board within 15 days of receiving notice that an insurer had disclaimed on a policy of insurance so as to remove or withdraw liability insurance coverage for his claim against a person or persons who allegedly____

The third exception is contained in N.J.S.A. 39:6-79:

When in an action in respect to the death of, or personal injury to, any person, arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of a motor vehicle in this State ... judgment is rendered for the defendant on the sole ground that such death or personal injury was occasioned by a motor vehicle—
(a) the identity of which, and of the owner and operator of which, has not been established, or
(b) which was in the possession of some person other than the owner ... without the consent of the owner and the identity of the operator has not been established, ... the plaintiff in such action may within three months ... bring an action ... against the commissioner____

Plaintiff argues that fundamental fairness demands that a fourth exception be carved out of the statute to provide for [276]*276those situations where plaintiff first became aware of the existence of a “phantom” car after the occurrence of the accident, but prior to the entry of judgment for the known driver. He argues the application of the discovery rule.

In Diamond v. N.J. Bell Telephone Co., 51 N.J. 594 (1968), the Supreme Court explained the discovery rule:

"... a plaintiff’s cause of action accrues for limitation purposes when he suffers actual consequential damage or loss from the defendant’s negligence.” [at 596 citation omitted]
Under the customary rule that ignorance of a claim does not toll the running of the limitations period ... This suit would have been barred____
We must, therefore, consider the applicability of the recently evolved discovery rule. Under that doctrine, a cause of action accrues only when the plaintiff knows or should reasonably know of his injury. [Id. at 597]

The discovery rule is essentially a principle of equity. Its purpose is to mitigate unjust results that might otherwise flow from a strict adherence to a rule of law. O’Keeffe v. Snyder, 83 N.J. 478 (1980).

The rule has traditionally been applied to the accrual of a cause of action — i.e., the statute of limitations. It is not usually applied to statutory limitations of actions.

In Evernham v. Selected Risks Ins. Co., 163 N.J.Super. 132 (App.Div.1978), the court held that a plaintiff could not utilize the discovery rule to extend the time for the bringing of an action for no fault PIP payments. The court said:

The discovery principle developed in our tort law is not applicable here. It is peculiar to statutes of limitation based upon accrual of the cause of action, accrual being postponed if plaintiff neither knows nor has reason to know the facts equating with the likely accrual of a cause of action, [citations omitted] But a statute forbidding the institution of an action, otherwise maintainable, later that a period of years after a fixed objective event, generally precludes the operation of the discovery rule, [citation omitted] The cause of action itself dies after that lapse of time [at 136 citation omitted]

In Presslaff v. Robins, 168 N.J.Super. 543 (App.Div.1979), a case involving the wrongful death statute (N.J.S.A. 2A:31-3), the court stated:

This statute, which fixes a specified objective event to incept the period of time within which an action must be brought, is to be contrasted with the general [277]*277statute of limitations, N.J.S.A.

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Bluebook (online)
567 A.2d 298, 237 N.J. Super. 272, 1989 N.J. Super. LEXIS 426, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/cano-v-malone-njsuperctappdiv-1989.