Campbell v. Thunderbird Trucking & Construction, Inc.

636 P.2d 494, 30 Wash. App. 496, 1981 Wash. App. LEXIS 2790
CourtCourt of Appeals of Washington
DecidedOctober 27, 1981
DocketNo. 4221-9-III
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 636 P.2d 494 (Campbell v. Thunderbird Trucking & Construction, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Washington primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Campbell v. Thunderbird Trucking & Construction, Inc., 636 P.2d 494, 30 Wash. App. 496, 1981 Wash. App. LEXIS 2790 (Wash. Ct. App. 1981).

Opinion

Munson, J.

— We hold that (1) before an action may be commenced against a county based on tortious conduct, a claim must be filed, pursuant to RCW 36.45; and (2) RCW 4.16.170 does not extend the time for filing the claim beyond the normal period of the statute of limitation.

Mrs. Campbell was injured in an automobile accident on a Yakima County road on February 20, 1977. Exactly 3 years later, at 4:26 p.m. on February 20, 1980, the Camp-bells filed a complaint in the Superior Court naming as defendants Thunderbird Trucking and Construction, Inc., and Yakima County. On May 8, 1980, the Campbells served a claim upon the Yakima County Board of Commissioners and served them with a copy of the summons and complaint. The County moved to dismiss on the basis that the action was neither timely nor properly commenced. The court granted the dismissal; the Campbells appeal.1

I

Validity of Nonclaim Statutes

The legislature has waived sovereign immunity of the State and its political subdivisions for tortious conduct, [498]*498RCW 4.92.090; 4.96.010,2 but has required that a claim be filed as a condition precedent to maintaining any action. RCW 4.92.110;3 4.96.010. RCW 36.45 controls filing claims against counties and sets time periods within which claims must be presented and actions may be commenced.4

In Hunter v. North Mason High School, 12 Wn. App. 304, 529 P.2d 898 (1974), aff'd sub nom. Hunter v. North Mason High School & School Dist. 403, 85 Wn.2d 810, 539 P.2d 845 (1975), the Court of Appeals held that a minor's failure to file a claim within 120 days from the date the cause of action arose, pursuant to a nonclaim statute, was excused by reason of his minority. He filed the claim some 11 months after the accident. The Supreme Court in Hunter v. North Mason High School & School Dist. 403, supra at 812-13, acknowledged the validity of that position but declined to adopt it, holding:

We feel, however, that rather than attempting to avoid the constitutional problems inherent in this type of stat[499]*499ute by continuing to fashion judicial exceptions to their plain language, we should face the constitutional issue directly and acknowledge their infirmity.

That court also stated at page 811: "that 'nonclaim' statutes unjustifiably discriminate against persons with claims against the government and its subdivisions in violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment." Including in its analysis RCW 4.96.020 and 36.45.020, the Supreme Court used broad language suggesting that both the time limits and the nonclaim statutes themselves were violative of the Fourteenth Amendment. Jenkins v. State, 85 Wn.2d 883, 891, 540 P.2d 1363 (1975), without citing Hunter, receded from broad interpretation, holding:

RCW 36.45.030 unconstitutional as violative of Const, art. 1, § 12 and U.S. Const, amend. 14 insofar as it purports to impose a different time limitation on the commencement of tort actions against counties than is imposed on the commencement of tort actions against other governmental entities in the state.

(Footnote omitted. Italics ours.) In Haslund v. Seattle, 86 Wn.2d 607, 623, 547 P.2d 1221 (1976), the court held RCW 35.31.020 (regarding the filing of claims against the city) was:

unconstitutional as arbitrary burdens imposed on persons with claims against the government. Hunter v. North Mason High School & School Dist. 403, 85 Wn.2d 810, 813, n.2, 819-20, 539 P.2d 845 (1975). Thus, the time at which respondents filed their damage claim is of no consequence.

(Italics ours.)

In Haddenham v. State, 87 Wn.2d 145, 149, 550 P.2d 9 (1976), the court held that the sovereign, through its legislature, may waive its sovereign immunity and "may prescribe the terms and conditions on which it consents to be sued, and the manner in which the suit shall be conducted, and may withdraw its consent whenever it may suppose that justice to the public requires it", citing Beers v. Arkansas, 61 U.S. (20 How.) 527, 529, 15 L. Ed. 991 (1895). In Peterick v. State, 22 Wn. App. 163, 178, 589 P.2d 250 [500]*500(1977), the Court of Appeals, Division One, held that Jenkins v. State, supra, implicitly recognized the constitutionality of RCW 4.92.110, which required nothing more than the filing of a claim "sometime before the running of the statute of limitations." This matter was set to rest in Coulter v. State, 93 Wn.2d 205, 207, 608 P.2d 261 (1980), when the court stated:

Plaintiff's position for nonfiling is very plain and in error. She argues that Hunter v. North Mason High School & School Dist. 403, 85 Wn.2d 810, 539 P.2d 845 (1975) struck down all claim filing requirements. There we were concerned with a different statute, RCW 4.96.020, which required filing of a claim within 120 days from the date that the claim arose.
We start with the proposition that the abolition of sovereign immunity is a matter within the legislature's determination. Haddenham v. State, 87 Wn.2d 145, 149, 550 P.2d 9 (1976). This is not because the court says so, but because the constitution so states. Article 2, section 26, of our constitution provides: "The legislature shall direct by law, in what manner, and in what courts, suits may be brought against the state." This court must follow that mandate and uphold the filing requirement of this particular statute. Hunter v.

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Bluebook (online)
636 P.2d 494, 30 Wash. App. 496, 1981 Wash. App. LEXIS 2790, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/campbell-v-thunderbird-trucking-construction-inc-washctapp-1981.