Calvet v. Graham

639 So. 2d 873, 93 La.App. 3 Cir. 1645, 1994 La. App. LEXIS 2113, 1994 WL 318020
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJuly 6, 1994
DocketNo. 93-1645
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 639 So. 2d 873 (Calvet v. Graham) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Calvet v. Graham, 639 So. 2d 873, 93 La.App. 3 Cir. 1645, 1994 La. App. LEXIS 2113, 1994 WL 318020 (La. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinions

11 KNOLL, Judge.

In this automobile collision case, a jury found the plaintiff, Tereal Calvet, 20% at fault. Mr. Calvet appeals this finding and seeks an increase in the quantum awarded.

[875]*875FACTS

On May 21, 1990, Tereal Calvet was driving his Ford van east on Masonic Drive, a 4 lane street in Alexandria, Louisiana. As Mr. Calvet was traveling in the left east bound lane, he approached two vehicles in his lane waiting to make left turns off of Masonic Drive. Mr. Calvet testified he slowed to a stop approximately two car lengths behind the turning vehicles. Mr. Calvet believed he had been stationary for several seconds when his van was struck from behind by the vehicle of the defendant, William Graham.1 Mr. Calvet testified the impact was severe enough to force the driver’s seat in the reclining position and propel his van into the car in front of him. However, Patricia Graham, Mr. Graham’s wife and passenger at the time of the accident, testified that Mr. Calvet braked abruptly and actually struck the vehicle in front of him before the Grahams’ vehicle collided with the van. Apparently none of the vehicle occupants required an ambulance and Mr. Calvet washable to exit his van under his own power. Mr. Cal-vet was later taken to a nearby hospital by his wife and daughter, who had been called to the accident scene. Mr. Calvet was x-rayed at the hospital, and as the x-rays showed nothing conclusive, he was released a few hours later.

After trial of the matter, a jury found Mr. Graham 80% at fault, Mr. Calvet 20% at fault, and awarded Mr. Calvet $9000.00 total damages and Mrs. Calvet $1000.00 for loss of consortium. Mr. Calvet made a motion for judgment not withstanding the verdict or in the alternatives, a new trial or additur. The trial court denied this motion.

On appeal, Mr. Calvet first argues the jury was clearly wrong in assigning any fault to him and in awarding only $9000.2 He also alleges the trial court erred in not granting his post-trial motions. Finally, Mr. Calvet points to several actions by the trial court, contending these were so prejudicial as to be reversible error. For the reasons that follow, we find the jury was clearly wrong in assigning fault-to Mr. Calvet, but otherwise we uphold the actions of the jury and trial court.

PLAINTIFF’S FAULT

In Eaglin v. Champion Ins. Co., 558 So.2d 284, 287 (La.App. 3 Cir.1990), this court noted:

“It is a matter of hornbook law that a motorist is presumed to have been negligent if he collides with the rear end of a vehicle preceding his vehicle and has the burden of exculpating himself from the inference of negligence.”

Therefore, if the defendant seeks to exculpate himself by demonstrating fault on Mr. Calvet’s part, the defendant clearly carries the burden of doing so. With this in mind, we review the evidence the jury could have relied upon in finding Mr. Calvet 20% at fault.

The only witnesses testifying as to the cause of the accident were Mr. Calvet and Mrs. Graham, who were actually in the accident Rand Alexandria Police Officer Ronnie Howard, who investigated the accident. Mrs. Graham testified that Mr. Calvet abruptly applied his brakes, making it impossible for Mr. Graham to stop before hitting the van. Mrs. Graham remembered hearing squealing brakes that did not come from her vehicle, prior to seeing the van come to a sudden stop. She also testified that she believed the brake lights on the van were not working because she was looking ahead at the van just prior to the accident and saw no brake lights. This is in direct conflict with Mr. Calvet’s testimony maintaining he had gradually slowed to a complete stop several seconds before being struck by the Graham vehicle. More importantly, however, the testimony of Officer Howard contradicts Mrs. Graham. Officer Howard testified that he and another police officer checked Mr. Cal-vet’s brake lights after the accident and [876]*876found them to be still functioning. Furthermore, Officer Howard stated there were no skid marks produced by Mr. Calvet’s van.

We are ever mindful that where a factfinder’s finding is based on its decision to credit the testimony of one of two witnesses, that decision can virtually never be clearly wrong. Rosell v. ESCO 549 So.2d 840 (La.1989). However, this is not the case where objective evidence so contradicts the witness’s story that a reasonable trier of fact would not credit the witness’s story. Rosell, supra. If the evidence consisted only of the conflicting testimony of Mr. Calvet and Mrs. Graham, we would have no doubt that Mrs. Graham could have carried her burden of proof simply by her superior credibility in the eyes of the jury. However, where the only physical evidence directly contradicts Mrs. Graham’s testimony, we are not dealing with the same issue. Not only were Mr. Calvet’s brake lights operating after the accident, but it is unlikely Mr. Calvet’s brakes were “squealing” and at the same time left no trace of skid marks.

It is well settled that the test of the sufficiency of the evidence in a civil case, whether direct or circumstantial, is whether the evidence, taken as a whole, shows the fact sought to be proved is more probable than not. Merrell v. State, Through Dept. of Transp., 415 So.2d 660, 663 (La.App. 3 Cir.1982), writ denied 420 So.2d 443 (La.1982).

Uln view of the objective evidence contradicting Mrs. Graham’s version of the accident, the jury could not reasonably conclude that she proved more probably than not any fault by Mr. Calvet. For this reason, we find the jury was clearly wrong in assigning any percentage of fault to Mr. Calvet.

QUANTUM

Mr. Calvet also complains the jury clearly erred when it awarded him only $9,000 in total damages. Dr. John Patton, a neurologist and Mr. Calvet’s treating physician, was the only medical expert to testify at trial. A rather extensive review of Dr. Patton’s testimony is necessary to put the medical evidence in proper perspective.

Mr. Calvet first came under Dr. Patton’s care in May of 1988. Mr. Calvet was experiencing severe pain in his back, radiating into both legs. A CT scan revealed Mr. Calvet suffered from severe lumbar spinal stenosis. Dr. Patton described this as a narrowing of the spinal canal which tends to compress the spinal cord. The stenosis was caused, at least in part (to what degree Dr. Patton could not opine), by a condition known as acromegaly. Dr. Patton explained this condition is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. As result of acromegaly, an afflicted individual’s joints and extremities and soft tissue get much , larger than normal. In Mr. Calvet’s case, the growth of the bone and tissue forming the spinal canal resulted in stenosis.

To relieve the stenosis, Dr. Patton performed a laminectomy on the LI to L5 region in May of 1988. After September of 1988, Dr. Patton felt Mr. Calvet had recovered sufficiently that no further office visits were schedule.

Mr. Calvet next saw Dr. Patton on June 6, 1990, complaining of general neck and back pain and particularly of pain radiating into his legs. Mr. Calvet associated the onset of these symptoms to the May 21, 1990, accident with the Grahams. Dr. Patton treated Mr. Calvet conservatively with only pain medication and saw him again on July 13, 1990. After the July 13, 1990, office visit, Dr. Patton did not see Mr. Calvet again until January of 1991.

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Bluebook (online)
639 So. 2d 873, 93 La.App. 3 Cir. 1645, 1994 La. App. LEXIS 2113, 1994 WL 318020, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/calvet-v-graham-lactapp-1994.