Filed 6/18/14 Caldwell v. Ecobaby Organics CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
MICHAEL CALDWELL, D064078
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v. (Super. Ct. No. 37-2009-00091247- CU-BT-CTL) ECOBABY ORGANICS, INC.,
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Frederic L.
Link, Judge. Affirmed.
Michael Caldwell, in pro. per.
Gaston & Gaston and Matthew J. Faust for Defendant and Respondent.
Michael Caldwell appeals a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) entered
against him and in favor of respondent Ecobaby Organics, Inc. (Ecobaby Organics).
Caldwell contends: (1) the trial judge was biased and had a conflict of interest because of his friendship with the father of respondent's attorney; (2) the trial judge violated
Caldwell's constitutional right to due process by stating, without supporting evidence,
that he did not believe Caldwell's testimony, thus implying Caldwell had committed
perjury; (3) there was no evidence to support the court's decision "to amend" the jury's
verdict and award $750,000 to respondents. Ecobaby Organics has not filed a
respondent's brief. We affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Caldwell's opening brief states: "Ms. Edmunds [Caldwell's former wife] was not
complying with discovery in the family law case so as a shareholder of Ecobaby
Organics, Inc., I requested information I was entitled to as a shareholder and allowed by
law. Ecobaby Organics, Inc. failed to comply so I was forced to file this lawsuit. After
this it was discovered that Ecobaby was indeed profitable. I had been providing hosting
services for Ecobaby for years and under the terms of service I requested payment for
services rendered. Ecobaby failed to make payment and failed to move their web site.
After numerous attempts to collect and according to the terms of service I shut down the
web site at which point Ecobaby promptly moved their web site in less than 24 hours."
Caldwell summarizes the procedural history of this case as follows: "Michael
Caldwell filed suit for production of documents as allowed by law for corporate
shareholders. [¶] Mrs. Edmunds then filed a counter suit for breach of fiduciary duty for
shutting down Ecobaby's web site for failure to pay, a totally unrelated matter. [¶]
Michael Caldwell prevailed at a jury trial on every count. Judge Link ruled against
2 Michael Caldwell on every county [sic] and in complete opposition to the jury verdict
and awarded Ecobaby $750,000.00 because he 'didn't believe [Caldwell].' "
DISCUSSION
We begin with these basic appellate principles: " 'A judgment or order of the
lower court is presumed correct. All intendments and presumptions are indulged to
support it on matters as to which the record is silent, and error must be affirmatively
shown. This is not only a general principle of appellate practice but an ingredient of the
constitutional doctrine of reversible error.' " (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d
557, 564.) When the record is silent, we presume the trial court made the factual findings
necessary to support its order. (Ibid.; Huong Que, Inc. v. Luu (2007) 150 Cal.App.4th
400, 409 [citing cases; appellate court starts with presumption that the record contains
evidence to sustain every finding of fact].) "It is the appellant's burden, not the court's, to
identify and establish deficiencies in the evidence." (Huong, at p. 409.)
Further, if an issue is not supported by pertinent or cognizable legal argument it
may be deemed abandoned and there is no need for the reviewing court to discuss it.
(Landry v. Berryessa Union School Dist. (1995) 39 Cal.App.4th 691, 699-700; Berger v.
Godden (1985) 163 Cal.App.3d 1113, 1120.) Caldwell's opening brief contains no
citation to the clerk's transcript, which at any rate lacks a copy of Caldwell's complaint or
any other pleading. Rather, the only relevant documents in the clerk's transcript are
Caldwell's trial brief; a minute order showing the court granted JNOV in favor of
Ecobaby Organics; and a notice of entry of the court's amended judgment, with the jury's
3 special verdict form attached as an exhibit. Caldwell did not designate a reporter's
transcript as part of the appellate record.1
Caldwell's brief is substantively deficient as well. He nowhere discusses the
applicable standards of appellate review of an order granting JNOV. Because Caldwell
does not acknowledge the relevant standards of review, he necessarily does not tailor his
arguments according to the substantial evidence standard, as he must. (Sebago, Inc. v.
City of Alameda (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 1372, 1388.) Nor does Caldwell provide any
legal authority or legal argument demonstrating why we should conclude the trial court
prejudicially erred in granting JNOV. (See Paterno v. State of California (1999) 74
Cal.App.4th 68, 106 ["An appellate court is not required to examine undeveloped claims,
nor to make arguments for parties."]; People v. Stanley (1995) 10 Cal.4th 764, 793
[appellate court's role is to evaluate legal argument with citation of authorities on the
points made].) It is Caldwell's burden to present an adequate record so as to affirmatively
demonstrate trial court error. (Ermoian v. Desert Hospital (2007) 152 Cal.App.4th 475,
494; Amato v. Mercury Casualty Co. (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 1784, 1794; see Maria P. v.
Riles (1987) 43 Cal.3d 1281, 1295.) "We cannot presume error from an incomplete
record." (Christie v. Kimball (2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1407, 1412.) " '[I]f the record is
1 California Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(C) provides that each appellate brief must "[s]upport any reference to a matter in the record by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where the matter appears." Courts interpret this rule to mean that the assertions of fact set forth in an appellate brief must be supported by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where that fact appears. (See Brewer v. Murphy (2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 928, 936, fn. 4 [defendants' assertion of fact not supported by citation to record].) Even setting aside these technical rule violations, the substance of Caldwell's briefing compels us to conclude any contentions are forfeited. 4 inadequate for meaningful review, the appellant defaults and the decision of the trial
court should be affirmed.' " (Gee v. American Realty & Construction, Inc. (2002) 99
Cal.App.4th 1412, 1416.)
Caldwell's deficient briefing, combined with the lack of reasoned analysis
pertinent to the questions at hand on appeal from the court's order granting JNOV compel
us to conclude he has forfeited any cognizable appellate contentions. As a result of these
failings, and absent any persuasive legal authority on the question, Caldwell likewise has
not demonstrated error or prejudice. Even if we reached the merits of one claim, we
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Filed 6/18/14 Caldwell v. Ecobaby Organics CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
MICHAEL CALDWELL, D064078
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v. (Super. Ct. No. 37-2009-00091247- CU-BT-CTL) ECOBABY ORGANICS, INC.,
Defendant and Respondent.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Frederic L.
Link, Judge. Affirmed.
Michael Caldwell, in pro. per.
Gaston & Gaston and Matthew J. Faust for Defendant and Respondent.
Michael Caldwell appeals a judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) entered
against him and in favor of respondent Ecobaby Organics, Inc. (Ecobaby Organics).
Caldwell contends: (1) the trial judge was biased and had a conflict of interest because of his friendship with the father of respondent's attorney; (2) the trial judge violated
Caldwell's constitutional right to due process by stating, without supporting evidence,
that he did not believe Caldwell's testimony, thus implying Caldwell had committed
perjury; (3) there was no evidence to support the court's decision "to amend" the jury's
verdict and award $750,000 to respondents. Ecobaby Organics has not filed a
respondent's brief. We affirm the judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Caldwell's opening brief states: "Ms. Edmunds [Caldwell's former wife] was not
complying with discovery in the family law case so as a shareholder of Ecobaby
Organics, Inc., I requested information I was entitled to as a shareholder and allowed by
law. Ecobaby Organics, Inc. failed to comply so I was forced to file this lawsuit. After
this it was discovered that Ecobaby was indeed profitable. I had been providing hosting
services for Ecobaby for years and under the terms of service I requested payment for
services rendered. Ecobaby failed to make payment and failed to move their web site.
After numerous attempts to collect and according to the terms of service I shut down the
web site at which point Ecobaby promptly moved their web site in less than 24 hours."
Caldwell summarizes the procedural history of this case as follows: "Michael
Caldwell filed suit for production of documents as allowed by law for corporate
shareholders. [¶] Mrs. Edmunds then filed a counter suit for breach of fiduciary duty for
shutting down Ecobaby's web site for failure to pay, a totally unrelated matter. [¶]
Michael Caldwell prevailed at a jury trial on every count. Judge Link ruled against
2 Michael Caldwell on every county [sic] and in complete opposition to the jury verdict
and awarded Ecobaby $750,000.00 because he 'didn't believe [Caldwell].' "
DISCUSSION
We begin with these basic appellate principles: " 'A judgment or order of the
lower court is presumed correct. All intendments and presumptions are indulged to
support it on matters as to which the record is silent, and error must be affirmatively
shown. This is not only a general principle of appellate practice but an ingredient of the
constitutional doctrine of reversible error.' " (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d
557, 564.) When the record is silent, we presume the trial court made the factual findings
necessary to support its order. (Ibid.; Huong Que, Inc. v. Luu (2007) 150 Cal.App.4th
400, 409 [citing cases; appellate court starts with presumption that the record contains
evidence to sustain every finding of fact].) "It is the appellant's burden, not the court's, to
identify and establish deficiencies in the evidence." (Huong, at p. 409.)
Further, if an issue is not supported by pertinent or cognizable legal argument it
may be deemed abandoned and there is no need for the reviewing court to discuss it.
(Landry v. Berryessa Union School Dist. (1995) 39 Cal.App.4th 691, 699-700; Berger v.
Godden (1985) 163 Cal.App.3d 1113, 1120.) Caldwell's opening brief contains no
citation to the clerk's transcript, which at any rate lacks a copy of Caldwell's complaint or
any other pleading. Rather, the only relevant documents in the clerk's transcript are
Caldwell's trial brief; a minute order showing the court granted JNOV in favor of
Ecobaby Organics; and a notice of entry of the court's amended judgment, with the jury's
3 special verdict form attached as an exhibit. Caldwell did not designate a reporter's
transcript as part of the appellate record.1
Caldwell's brief is substantively deficient as well. He nowhere discusses the
applicable standards of appellate review of an order granting JNOV. Because Caldwell
does not acknowledge the relevant standards of review, he necessarily does not tailor his
arguments according to the substantial evidence standard, as he must. (Sebago, Inc. v.
City of Alameda (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 1372, 1388.) Nor does Caldwell provide any
legal authority or legal argument demonstrating why we should conclude the trial court
prejudicially erred in granting JNOV. (See Paterno v. State of California (1999) 74
Cal.App.4th 68, 106 ["An appellate court is not required to examine undeveloped claims,
nor to make arguments for parties."]; People v. Stanley (1995) 10 Cal.4th 764, 793
[appellate court's role is to evaluate legal argument with citation of authorities on the
points made].) It is Caldwell's burden to present an adequate record so as to affirmatively
demonstrate trial court error. (Ermoian v. Desert Hospital (2007) 152 Cal.App.4th 475,
494; Amato v. Mercury Casualty Co. (1993) 18 Cal.App.4th 1784, 1794; see Maria P. v.
Riles (1987) 43 Cal.3d 1281, 1295.) "We cannot presume error from an incomplete
record." (Christie v. Kimball (2012) 202 Cal.App.4th 1407, 1412.) " '[I]f the record is
1 California Rules of Court, rule 8.204(a)(1)(C) provides that each appellate brief must "[s]upport any reference to a matter in the record by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where the matter appears." Courts interpret this rule to mean that the assertions of fact set forth in an appellate brief must be supported by a citation to the volume and page number of the record where that fact appears. (See Brewer v. Murphy (2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 928, 936, fn. 4 [defendants' assertion of fact not supported by citation to record].) Even setting aside these technical rule violations, the substance of Caldwell's briefing compels us to conclude any contentions are forfeited. 4 inadequate for meaningful review, the appellant defaults and the decision of the trial
court should be affirmed.' " (Gee v. American Realty & Construction, Inc. (2002) 99
Cal.App.4th 1412, 1416.)
Caldwell's deficient briefing, combined with the lack of reasoned analysis
pertinent to the questions at hand on appeal from the court's order granting JNOV compel
us to conclude he has forfeited any cognizable appellate contentions. As a result of these
failings, and absent any persuasive legal authority on the question, Caldwell likewise has
not demonstrated error or prejudice. Even if we reached the merits of one claim, we
would reject Caldwell's contention the trial judge "showed his bias and prejudice by
ruling against and in complete opposition to the jury on every count." On this record, we
conclude that, absent specific evidence of wrongdoing, merely because a judge rules
against a party in the course of the proceedings does not make the judge prejudiced
against that party. (See In re Guardianship of L.V. (2006) 136 Cal.App.4th 481, 500;
Haldane v. Haldane (1965) 232 Cal.App.2d 393, 395; Code Civ. Proc., § 170.2, subd.
(b).)
In reaching our conclusion, we are mindful that Caldwell represents himself on
appeal. However, his status as a party appearing in propria persona does not provide a
basis for preferential consideration. "A party proceeding in propria persona 'is to be
treated like any other party and is entitled to the same, but no greater[,] consideration
than other litigants and attorneys.' [Citation.] Indeed, ' "the in propria persona litigant is
held to the same restrictive rules of procedure as an attorney." ' " (First American Title
5 Co. v. Mirzaian (2003) 108 Cal.App.4th 956, 958, fn. 1; Leslie v. Board of Medical
Quality Assurance (1991) 234 Cal.App.3d 117, 121.)
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
O'ROURKE, J.
WE CONCUR:
HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.
McINTYRE, J.