UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Filed 10/28/96 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
CAROLYN CALDRON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 96-5078 (D.C. No. 95-C-217-J) SHIRLEY S. CHATER, (N.D. Okla.) Commissioner, Social Security Administration, *
Defendant-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT **
* Effective March 31, 1995, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services in social security cases were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security. P.L. No. 103-296. Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c), Shirley S. Chater, Commissioner of Social Security, is substituted for Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, as the defendant in this action. Although we have substituted the Commissioner for the Secretary in the caption, in the text we continue to refer to the Secretary because she was the appropriate party at the time of the underlying decision. ** This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. Before BALDOCK and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges, and LUNGSTRUM, *** District Judge.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff Carolyn Caldron appeals from an order of the district court 1
affirming the Secretary’s determination that she is not entitled to disability
benefits. We affirm.
"We review the Secretary's decision to determine whether her factual
findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record viewed as a whole
and whether she applied the correct legal standards. Substantial evidence is such
relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion." Castellano v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 26 F.3d 1027,
1028 (10th Cir. 1994)(citations and quotation omitted).
*** Honorable John W. Lungstrum, District Judge, United States District Court for the District of Kansas, sitting by designation. 1 The parties agreed to have this case heard pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). Therefore, the appeal is properly taken from the magistrate judge's order. We refer to this order as being issued by the district court.
-2- Ms. Caldron initially claimed disability due to a herniated disc with
radiculopathy, arthritis, bronchitis, and plantar fascitis. At the hearing, she stated
that she had voluntarily entered a Methadone treatment center because she was
worried she was addicted to her prescription pain medication. The fact that she
had been evaluated by a mental health specialist was also raised at the hearing.
Ms. Caldron had not claimed any disabling addiction or mental impairment prior
to the hearing.
The administrative law judge (ALJ) determined at step five of the five-step
sequential process, see Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d 748, 750-52 (10th Cir.
1988), that Ms. Caldron could perform sedentary work. Ms. Caldron asserts that
this determination is in error because the ALJ did not properly evaluate either her
pain or her mental impairment. She also argues the ALJ ignored the treating
physician rule and the standards for sedentary work. Finally, she asserts the ALJ
did not tell the vocational expert (VE) all of her unrebutted medical impairments
and ignored the VE’s opinion that she could not work.
Ms. Caldron argues the ALJ improperly evaluated her complaints of
disabling pain. She does not appear to argue that the ALJ failed to follow the
analysis set forth in Luna v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 161 (10th Cir. 1987) for evaluating
pain, but rather argues because (1) she is in a Methadone program for treatment of
-3- a drug addiction, (2) the Methadone relieves her pain in part, and (3) she receives
a very high dosage of Methadone, she has proved her pain is disabling.
The record shows that Ms. Caldron entered the Methadone treatment
program voluntarily because she was worried she was taking too much of her
prescription pain medication and, having read about the possibility of addiction
from prescription medications, she decided to seek treatment. The record does
not support, and Ms. Caldron does not allege, that any addiction she may suffer is
disabling. Instead, Ms. Caldron contends that her belief that she was addicted to
prescription drugs proves that her pain is disabling. Ms. Caldron points to no
evidence in the record that supports her assertion. In fact, it is generally accepted
that persons may become addicted to prescription drugs regardless of the level of
pain experienced. Nothing in the record supports Ms. Caldron’s assertion that she
is receiving high doses of Methadone or that, if so, the reason for the high dosage
is her extreme pain.
The record supports the ALJ’s determination of Ms. Caldron’s credibility as
to the severity of her pain. “[A] claimant's subjective complaint of pain is by
itself insufficient to establish disability." Talley v. Sullivan, 908 F.2d 585, 587
(10th Cir. 1990)(quotation omitted). Several physicians have noted that objective
medical evidence does not support Ms. Caldron’s claims of disabling pain. See R.
Vol. I at 176 (Dr. Fielding noted in 1992 that she did not appear to be in acute
-4- distress and stood and walked with a relatively normal gait); 237 (Dr. Hendricks
noted that the physical examination did not suggest objective injury as severe as
the complaints); 247 (Dr. Dandridge noted that his examination failed to disclose
objective findings to substantiate the subjective complaints); 277 (Dr. Fielding
noted in 1994 that while she acted as if experiencing pain, her back was
“unremarkable to inspection”).
Further, a claimant’s inability to work pain-free is not sufficient reason to
support a finding of disability. Gossett v. Bowen, 862 F.2d 802, 807 (10th Cir.
1988). While Ms. Caldron undoubtedly does experience pain and may have a low
pain threshold, the ALJ’s conclusion that her pain is not disabling is supported by
the record.
Ms. Caldron also asserts the ALJ improperly evaluated her mental
impairment. Ms. Caldron has not received any psychiatric treatment. She did
have one evaluation. The MMPI showed some results consistent with those found
among individuals with classic conversion symptoms. No diagnosis was made
that she suffers from conversion syndrome or that her conversion symptoms
impacted her ability to work.
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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Filed 10/28/96 FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT
CAROLYN CALDRON,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 96-5078 (D.C. No. 95-C-217-J) SHIRLEY S. CHATER, (N.D. Okla.) Commissioner, Social Security Administration, *
Defendant-Appellee.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT **
* Effective March 31, 1995, the functions of the Secretary of Health and Human Services in social security cases were transferred to the Commissioner of Social Security. P.L. No. 103-296. Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c), Shirley S. Chater, Commissioner of Social Security, is substituted for Donna E. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, as the defendant in this action. Although we have substituted the Commissioner for the Secretary in the caption, in the text we continue to refer to the Secretary because she was the appropriate party at the time of the underlying decision. ** This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. Before BALDOCK and BRISCOE, Circuit Judges, and LUNGSTRUM, *** District Judge.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously to grant the parties’ request for a decision on the briefs without oral
argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(f) and 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is
therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.
Plaintiff Carolyn Caldron appeals from an order of the district court 1
affirming the Secretary’s determination that she is not entitled to disability
benefits. We affirm.
"We review the Secretary's decision to determine whether her factual
findings are supported by substantial evidence in the record viewed as a whole
and whether she applied the correct legal standards. Substantial evidence is such
relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion." Castellano v. Secretary of Health & Human Servs., 26 F.3d 1027,
1028 (10th Cir. 1994)(citations and quotation omitted).
*** Honorable John W. Lungstrum, District Judge, United States District Court for the District of Kansas, sitting by designation. 1 The parties agreed to have this case heard pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c). Therefore, the appeal is properly taken from the magistrate judge's order. We refer to this order as being issued by the district court.
-2- Ms. Caldron initially claimed disability due to a herniated disc with
radiculopathy, arthritis, bronchitis, and plantar fascitis. At the hearing, she stated
that she had voluntarily entered a Methadone treatment center because she was
worried she was addicted to her prescription pain medication. The fact that she
had been evaluated by a mental health specialist was also raised at the hearing.
Ms. Caldron had not claimed any disabling addiction or mental impairment prior
to the hearing.
The administrative law judge (ALJ) determined at step five of the five-step
sequential process, see Williams v. Bowen, 844 F.2d 748, 750-52 (10th Cir.
1988), that Ms. Caldron could perform sedentary work. Ms. Caldron asserts that
this determination is in error because the ALJ did not properly evaluate either her
pain or her mental impairment. She also argues the ALJ ignored the treating
physician rule and the standards for sedentary work. Finally, she asserts the ALJ
did not tell the vocational expert (VE) all of her unrebutted medical impairments
and ignored the VE’s opinion that she could not work.
Ms. Caldron argues the ALJ improperly evaluated her complaints of
disabling pain. She does not appear to argue that the ALJ failed to follow the
analysis set forth in Luna v. Bowen, 834 F.2d 161 (10th Cir. 1987) for evaluating
pain, but rather argues because (1) she is in a Methadone program for treatment of
-3- a drug addiction, (2) the Methadone relieves her pain in part, and (3) she receives
a very high dosage of Methadone, she has proved her pain is disabling.
The record shows that Ms. Caldron entered the Methadone treatment
program voluntarily because she was worried she was taking too much of her
prescription pain medication and, having read about the possibility of addiction
from prescription medications, she decided to seek treatment. The record does
not support, and Ms. Caldron does not allege, that any addiction she may suffer is
disabling. Instead, Ms. Caldron contends that her belief that she was addicted to
prescription drugs proves that her pain is disabling. Ms. Caldron points to no
evidence in the record that supports her assertion. In fact, it is generally accepted
that persons may become addicted to prescription drugs regardless of the level of
pain experienced. Nothing in the record supports Ms. Caldron’s assertion that she
is receiving high doses of Methadone or that, if so, the reason for the high dosage
is her extreme pain.
The record supports the ALJ’s determination of Ms. Caldron’s credibility as
to the severity of her pain. “[A] claimant's subjective complaint of pain is by
itself insufficient to establish disability." Talley v. Sullivan, 908 F.2d 585, 587
(10th Cir. 1990)(quotation omitted). Several physicians have noted that objective
medical evidence does not support Ms. Caldron’s claims of disabling pain. See R.
Vol. I at 176 (Dr. Fielding noted in 1992 that she did not appear to be in acute
-4- distress and stood and walked with a relatively normal gait); 237 (Dr. Hendricks
noted that the physical examination did not suggest objective injury as severe as
the complaints); 247 (Dr. Dandridge noted that his examination failed to disclose
objective findings to substantiate the subjective complaints); 277 (Dr. Fielding
noted in 1994 that while she acted as if experiencing pain, her back was
“unremarkable to inspection”).
Further, a claimant’s inability to work pain-free is not sufficient reason to
support a finding of disability. Gossett v. Bowen, 862 F.2d 802, 807 (10th Cir.
1988). While Ms. Caldron undoubtedly does experience pain and may have a low
pain threshold, the ALJ’s conclusion that her pain is not disabling is supported by
the record.
Ms. Caldron also asserts the ALJ improperly evaluated her mental
impairment. Ms. Caldron has not received any psychiatric treatment. She did
have one evaluation. The MMPI showed some results consistent with those found
among individuals with classic conversion symptoms. No diagnosis was made
that she suffers from conversion syndrome or that her conversion symptoms
impacted her ability to work. In fact, the report concluded that individuals with
conversion symptoms “are likely to continue functioning but at a reduced level of
efficiency.” R. Vol. I at 283. The determination that Ms. Caldron showed some
-5- moderate elevations on the anxiety scale also does not indicate disability due to
anxiety.
Ms. Caldron argues the ALJ ignored the treating physician rule because her
treating physician stated that she was disabled and the ALJ rejected that opinion
without setting forth specific reasons. Ms. Caldron’s treating physician, Dr.
Black, did state that Ms. Caldron would be disabled until she had corrective
surgery on her back. Id. at 178. More specifically, however, he stated both that
she was “at least temporarily, disabled from the type of work she does,” id. at
180, and was limited in her ability to work, id. at 232. He restricted her to ten
pounds of lifting, pulling, or pushing. Id. at 182, 185, 232. Dr. Black’s one
statement that she is disabled is clarified by his other statements, made before and
after the date of that statement.
Dr. Black recommended corrective surgery which Ms. Caldron has not had.
The only reason contained in the record for not having surgery is Ms. Caldron’s
statement to Dr. Black indicating she could not have surgery until litigation
connected with her worker’s compensation claim had been completed. Id. at 180.
A claimant’s failure to follow a prescribed course of treatment which could
restore the ability to work is grounds to deny benefits. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1530(b);
Pacheco v. Sullivan, 931 F.2d 695, 697-98 (10th Cir. 1991).
-6- Ms. Caldron also asserts the ALJ ignored the standards for sedentary work
because he did not establish that she could sit for prolonged periods of time. The
ruling addressing sedentary work states that a claimant must be able to sit for
about six hours of an eight hour workday. Soc. Sec. Rul. 96-9p, 1996 WL
374185, at *3 (Jul. 2, 1996). A claimant who must alternate sitting with standing
and/or walking may still be able to perform sedentary work. Id. at *6. Here, the
VE opined that Ms. Caldron could work with the alternating sitting, standing, and
walking restrictions found by the ALJ.
Ms. Caldron asserts the ALJ did not tell the VE of all her unrebutted
medical impairments in formulating the hypothetical question because he did not
mention her drug addiction, conversion disorder, and anxiety. In determining
whether a claimant can return to a past line of work, the ALJ must include in his
hypothetical to the VE only those impairments he accepts as true. See Talley, 908
F.2d at 588. We have already affirmed the ALJ’s determination that the record
does not show that Ms. Caldron’s possible drug addiction, conversion symptoms,
and anxiety had any significant impact on her ability to work.
Finally, Ms. Caldron argues that the ALJ ignored the VE’s opinion that she
could not work. The VE proffered this opinion upon being asked if Ms. Caldron
would be able to work if her testimony were accepted as fully credible and were
-7- substantially verified by the medical evidence. Clearly, the ALJ did not find all
of Ms. Caldron’s testimony credible.
The judgment of the United States District Court for the Northern District
of Oklahoma is AFFIRMED.
Entered for the Court
John W. Lungstrum District Judge
-8-