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3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE
9 10 BRADLEY RAY CAIRNES, CASE NO. C22-1614JLR 11 Plaintiff, ORDER v. 12 PAMELA JOAN HEMMINGER, 13 Defendant. 14
15 I. INTRODUCTION 16 Before the court are (1) pro se Plaintiff Bradley Ray Cairnes’s complaint against 17 Defendant Pamela Hemminger1 (Compl. (Dkt. # 5)) and (2) Magistrate Judge Brian A. 18 Tsuchida’s order granting Mr. Cairnes’s application to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) 19 and recommending that the court review his complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 20
21 1 In his complaint, Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger is also known as Colleen Giampapa. (See Compl. at 1.) In this order, the court refers to Defendant as Ms. Hemminger, 22 rather than Ms. Giampapa. 1 § 1915(e)(2)(B) (IFP Order (Dkt. # 4)). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), district courts 2 have authority to review IFP complaints and must dismiss them if “at any time” it is
3 determined that a complaint fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted. 28 4 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see also id. § 1915A(b)(1); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 5 (9th Cir. 2000) (clarifying that § 1915(e) applies to all IFP proceedings, not just those 6 filed by prisoners). The court has considered Mr. Cairnes’s complaint and the governing 7 law. Being fully advised, the court DISMISSES Mr. Cairnes’s complaint without 8 prejudice and with leave to amend.
9 II. BACKGROUND 10 On November 10, 2022, Mr. Cairnes filed a complaint against his ex-wife, Ms. 11 Hemminger. (See generally Compl.; Dkt.2) Mr. Cairnes states that he is bringing this 12 action under “[U.S.] Code Title 38” because the property at issue was purchased using 13 Mr. Cairnes’s “Guaranteed Home Loan Benefit through the Veterans Administration
14 [‘VA’].” (Compl. at 1.) 15 In 1998, Mr. Cairnes purchased the property located at 303 Tacoma Boulevard 16 South, Pacific, Washington 98047 (the “Property”). (Id.) In connection with his 17 purchase of the property, Mr. Cairnes and his then-wife, Ms. Hemminger, executed a 18 “VA Guaranteed Loan and Assumption Policy Rider” for the Property. (Id. at 4-5, Ex. 1
19 (“Loan”) (listing both parties as borrowers).) Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger 20 “was only a co-borrowe[r]” and was “not on [the] title to the [P]roperty.” (Id. at 2.) 21
2 The court cites to the CM/ECF page numbers in the header of Mr. Cairnes’s complaint 22 and exhibits. 1 According to Mr. Cairnes, two days after he purchased the Property, Ms. 2 Hemminger “went to the King County Courthouse and obtained a restraining order”
3 against Mr. Cairnes. (Id.) Following the issuance of a restraining order, Mr. Cairnes 4 alleges that he was arrested for violating the restraining order multiple times, charged 5 with “felony violations,” and held “in custody for months at a time.” (See id.) As a 6 result, Mr. Cairnes alleges that he was never allowed to return to the Property. (Id.) 7 By 2004, Ms. Hemminger had divorced Mr. Cairnes and married Gareth 8 Hemminger. (Id.; see also id. at 7, Ex. 3 (“Quit Claim Deed”) (listing Ms. Hemminger’s
9 new husband’s name).) After marrying Mr. Hemminger, Ms. Hemminger executed a quit 10 claim deed in which she quit claimed her interest in the Property to both herself and Mr. 11 Hemminger. (See id. at 7.) Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger and Mr. 12 Hemminger have since executed a number of deeds of trust with respect to the Property. 13 (See id. at 2-3.) He further alleges that these instruments have been executed without his
14 signature or VA approval and are thus “not in compliance with [U.S.] Code Title 38.” 15 (Id. at 3.) As a result, Mr. Cairnes asks the court to order these instruments to be 16 “immediately removed from all public record” and to “quiet[] title in [his] favor.” (Id.) 17 III. ANALYSIS 18 Title 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) authorizes a district court to dismiss a claim filed
19 IFP “at any time” if it determines (1) the action is frivolous or malicious; (2) the action 20 fails to state a claim; or (3) the action seeks relief from a defendant who is immune from 21 such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Dismissal for failure to state a claim is 22 proper when there is either a “lack of a cognizable legal theory or the absence of 1 sufficient facts alleged.” Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 2 1990). Because Mr. Cairnes is a pro se plaintiff, the court must construe his pleadings
3 liberally. See McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1055 (9th Cir. 1992). Nonetheless, his 4 complaint must still contain factual allegations “enough to raise a right to relief above the 5 speculative level.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). The court 6 need not accept as true a legal conclusion presented as a factual allegation. Ashcroft v. 7 Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Although the pleading standard announced by Federal 8 Rule of Civil Procedure 8 does not require “detailed factual allegations,” it demands more
9 than “an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Id. (citing 10 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a) (requiring a pleading to 11 “contain . . . a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction,” and 12 “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief”). 13 Here, Mr. Cairnes’s complaint is subject to dismissal because he has not identified
14 a provision of U.S. Code Title 38 that would allow him to maintain this action against his 15 ex-wife. (See generally Compl.) Mr. Cairnes asks the court to invalidate “all 16 instruments”—i.e., quit claim deeds and deeds of trust—“executed in connection with the 17 property [at issue] without [Mr. Cairnes’s] signature” under U.S. Code Title 38. (Id. at 3; 18 see also id. at 2.) He also asks the court to order these instruments to be “immediately
19 removed from all public records” and “quiet[] title in [his] favor.” (Id. at 3.) Even 20 liberally construing Mr. Cairnes’s complaint, see McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1055, the court 21 is unable to determine under which provision of U.S. Code Title 38 Mr. Cairnes brings 22 this action and whether that provision provides a private right of action for the type of 1 conduct alleged, and relief sought, in the complaint (see generally Compl.). Accordingly, 2 Mr. Cairnes fails to satisfy one of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)’s core
3 requirements—namely, that a complaint contain “a short and plain statement of the claim 4 showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Therefore, the court 5 DISMISSES Mr.
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3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 8 AT SEATTLE
9 10 BRADLEY RAY CAIRNES, CASE NO. C22-1614JLR 11 Plaintiff, ORDER v. 12 PAMELA JOAN HEMMINGER, 13 Defendant. 14
15 I. INTRODUCTION 16 Before the court are (1) pro se Plaintiff Bradley Ray Cairnes’s complaint against 17 Defendant Pamela Hemminger1 (Compl. (Dkt. # 5)) and (2) Magistrate Judge Brian A. 18 Tsuchida’s order granting Mr. Cairnes’s application to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) 19 and recommending that the court review his complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 20
21 1 In his complaint, Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger is also known as Colleen Giampapa. (See Compl. at 1.) In this order, the court refers to Defendant as Ms. Hemminger, 22 rather than Ms. Giampapa. 1 § 1915(e)(2)(B) (IFP Order (Dkt. # 4)). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), district courts 2 have authority to review IFP complaints and must dismiss them if “at any time” it is
3 determined that a complaint fails to state a claim on which relief may be granted. 28 4 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2); see also id. § 1915A(b)(1); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 5 (9th Cir. 2000) (clarifying that § 1915(e) applies to all IFP proceedings, not just those 6 filed by prisoners). The court has considered Mr. Cairnes’s complaint and the governing 7 law. Being fully advised, the court DISMISSES Mr. Cairnes’s complaint without 8 prejudice and with leave to amend.
9 II. BACKGROUND 10 On November 10, 2022, Mr. Cairnes filed a complaint against his ex-wife, Ms. 11 Hemminger. (See generally Compl.; Dkt.2) Mr. Cairnes states that he is bringing this 12 action under “[U.S.] Code Title 38” because the property at issue was purchased using 13 Mr. Cairnes’s “Guaranteed Home Loan Benefit through the Veterans Administration
14 [‘VA’].” (Compl. at 1.) 15 In 1998, Mr. Cairnes purchased the property located at 303 Tacoma Boulevard 16 South, Pacific, Washington 98047 (the “Property”). (Id.) In connection with his 17 purchase of the property, Mr. Cairnes and his then-wife, Ms. Hemminger, executed a 18 “VA Guaranteed Loan and Assumption Policy Rider” for the Property. (Id. at 4-5, Ex. 1
19 (“Loan”) (listing both parties as borrowers).) Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger 20 “was only a co-borrowe[r]” and was “not on [the] title to the [P]roperty.” (Id. at 2.) 21
2 The court cites to the CM/ECF page numbers in the header of Mr. Cairnes’s complaint 22 and exhibits. 1 According to Mr. Cairnes, two days after he purchased the Property, Ms. 2 Hemminger “went to the King County Courthouse and obtained a restraining order”
3 against Mr. Cairnes. (Id.) Following the issuance of a restraining order, Mr. Cairnes 4 alleges that he was arrested for violating the restraining order multiple times, charged 5 with “felony violations,” and held “in custody for months at a time.” (See id.) As a 6 result, Mr. Cairnes alleges that he was never allowed to return to the Property. (Id.) 7 By 2004, Ms. Hemminger had divorced Mr. Cairnes and married Gareth 8 Hemminger. (Id.; see also id. at 7, Ex. 3 (“Quit Claim Deed”) (listing Ms. Hemminger’s
9 new husband’s name).) After marrying Mr. Hemminger, Ms. Hemminger executed a quit 10 claim deed in which she quit claimed her interest in the Property to both herself and Mr. 11 Hemminger. (See id. at 7.) Mr. Cairnes alleges that Ms. Hemminger and Mr. 12 Hemminger have since executed a number of deeds of trust with respect to the Property. 13 (See id. at 2-3.) He further alleges that these instruments have been executed without his
14 signature or VA approval and are thus “not in compliance with [U.S.] Code Title 38.” 15 (Id. at 3.) As a result, Mr. Cairnes asks the court to order these instruments to be 16 “immediately removed from all public record” and to “quiet[] title in [his] favor.” (Id.) 17 III. ANALYSIS 18 Title 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) authorizes a district court to dismiss a claim filed
19 IFP “at any time” if it determines (1) the action is frivolous or malicious; (2) the action 20 fails to state a claim; or (3) the action seeks relief from a defendant who is immune from 21 such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). Dismissal for failure to state a claim is 22 proper when there is either a “lack of a cognizable legal theory or the absence of 1 sufficient facts alleged.” Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 2 1990). Because Mr. Cairnes is a pro se plaintiff, the court must construe his pleadings
3 liberally. See McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1055 (9th Cir. 1992). Nonetheless, his 4 complaint must still contain factual allegations “enough to raise a right to relief above the 5 speculative level.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). The court 6 need not accept as true a legal conclusion presented as a factual allegation. Ashcroft v. 7 Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Although the pleading standard announced by Federal 8 Rule of Civil Procedure 8 does not require “detailed factual allegations,” it demands more
9 than “an unadorned, the-defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation.” Id. (citing 10 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555); see Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a) (requiring a pleading to 11 “contain . . . a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction,” and 12 “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief”). 13 Here, Mr. Cairnes’s complaint is subject to dismissal because he has not identified
14 a provision of U.S. Code Title 38 that would allow him to maintain this action against his 15 ex-wife. (See generally Compl.) Mr. Cairnes asks the court to invalidate “all 16 instruments”—i.e., quit claim deeds and deeds of trust—“executed in connection with the 17 property [at issue] without [Mr. Cairnes’s] signature” under U.S. Code Title 38. (Id. at 3; 18 see also id. at 2.) He also asks the court to order these instruments to be “immediately
19 removed from all public records” and “quiet[] title in [his] favor.” (Id. at 3.) Even 20 liberally construing Mr. Cairnes’s complaint, see McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1055, the court 21 is unable to determine under which provision of U.S. Code Title 38 Mr. Cairnes brings 22 this action and whether that provision provides a private right of action for the type of 1 conduct alleged, and relief sought, in the complaint (see generally Compl.). Accordingly, 2 Mr. Cairnes fails to satisfy one of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)’s core
3 requirements—namely, that a complaint contain “a short and plain statement of the claim 4 showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Therefore, the court 5 DISMISSES Mr. Cairnes’s complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). 6 When a court dismisses a pro se plaintiff’s complaint, it must give the plaintiff 7 leave to amend “[u]nless it is absolutely clear that no amendment can cure the defect” in 8 the complaint. Lucas v. Dep’t of Corr., 66 F.3d 245, 248 (9th Cir. 1995). In light of the
9 Ninth Circuit’s liberal policy favoring amendment, the court GRANTS Mr. Cairnes leave 10 to file an amended complaint. If he does so, he must include short, plain statements 11 setting forth (1) the specific provision of U.S. Code Title 38 that provides him a private 12 right of action with respect to the conduct alleged in the complaint, and (2) factual 13 allegations that establish his right to relief under that provision. Mr. Cairnes shall file his
14 amended complaint, if any, no later than December 2, 2022. If Mr. Cairnes fails to 15 timely comply with this order or fails to file an amended complaint that remedies the 16 deficiencies discussed in this order, the court will dismiss his complaint without leave to 17 amend. 18 IV. CONCLUSION
19 For the foregoing reasons, the court DISMISSES Mr. Cairnes’s complaint (Dkt. 20 # 5) without prejudice and with leave to file an amended complaint that corrects the 21 deficiencies identified herein by no later than December 2, 2022. 22 // 1 Dated this 17th day of November, 2022. 2 A 3 4 JAMES L. ROBART United States District Judge 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
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