Robinson, C. J.
In May, 1891, the plaintiff, a resident of this state, entered into a partnership- with one R. B. Gaut, of Houston, Texas, for the purpose of carrying on a real estate and loan business at that place. As a part of the transaction, the plaintiff purchased one-half of the business' of Gaut which he had established at Houston, and was [662]*662then carrying on, including alleged rights in contracts for the purchase of real estate, and agreed to pay therefor the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars. In payment he gave to Gaut one thousand dollars in money, and the note in suit for one thousand five hundred dollars, dated May 1, 1897. The plaintiff alleges that the contract of partnership and for the purchase of one-half of the business aforesaid was procured by the means of false and fraudulent representations on the part of Gaut, and that the consideration for the contract and note has wholly failed. ,He asks that the defendants, Gaut & Buchanan, be enjoined from selling, the note, and that it be held to be null and void. Gaut was not served with notice and did not appear. Buchanan filed an answer, in which he denies all knowledge of the alleged fraud, and alleges that the note was assigned to him before maturity, for a valuable consideration; that he paid therefor two hundred and fifty dollars, which Ga,ut Was owing him; that the note was delivered to him for that sum, on consideration that when the note was sold or paid he should remit to Gaut the amount received therefor in excess of said sum. He asks judgment against the plaintiff for two hundred and fifty dollars and costs. The district court rendered judgment in favor of Buchanan on the note for one hundred and fifty dollars, and adjudged that the note be cancelled for the amount thereof in excess of one hundred and fifty dollars, and that it be delivered to the plaintiff.
I. The evidence shows that the note was procured by fraud, and that nothing should be recovered thereon, unless Buchanan acquired an interest therein in good faith for a valuable consideration, without notice of its illegality. 1 His interest and possession-were acquired substantially as follows: The character of Ms business is not fully shown, but it appears that he resided in this state, and that he sometimes went to the state of Texas with persons who thought of making investments there, and that he expected to receive a commission for any sale of property he [663]*663effected or helped to make. In. February, 1897, the plaintiff went with him to Texas, and was introduced by him to Ga.uh The purpose of the plaintiffs business in Texas at that time was not to enter into a partnership with Gaut, and, so far as is shown, no’ one at that time had any thought of the transaction which was afterward consummated. The partnership seems to ha.ve been first suggested by Gaut in a letter written by him to the plaintiff after the return of the latter to this state. The only connection Buchanan appears to have had with the matter was his act in introducing the plaintiff to Gaut, without any thought, however, as already stated, that a partnership might result from the introduction. Nevertheless, it appears that, after the agreement between the plaintiff and Gaut had been entered into, Buchanan made a demand on Gaut for a commission. In response, Gaut wrote to him, on the 10th day of May, 1897, as follows: “Now, I wish to pay you a commission, in view of the fact that you feel that I should do so. However, I am frank to say that I never thought of such a thing'as paying a commission on the deal with Mr. Gable. Now, in order to enable me to pay said commission in cash at once, I will place this 90-day note (referring to the note in suit). Gan you use it with your bank, or with any one in your county? * * * If you think you can place this note, I will indorse same, and send it to you at once, <and let you dispose of it, and take out your commission, and forward 'me the balance. * * * jf you can find some one who can handle it, advise me at once, * -x- * an¿ j wj2i forward same to you.” Buchanan states that, in response, he wrote to Gaut to indorse the note to him as agent, and forward it, and he would see what he could do about negotiating it, and would take it in lieu of cash payment, and would take chances on negotiating the note. Buchanan states that he received from Gaut a letter, with the note, in answer to the letter, but the letter of Gaut introduced purports to be in response to a telegram the contents of which are not shown. That letter is dated May 20, [664]*664and contains the following: “Inclosed herewith I hand yon Mr. Cable’s note, properly signed, as per your request givem by wire, * * * and ask that you cash same at once. Of course, do the very best you can in point of discount, but act as speedily as possible. * * * If the discount on this note is very much, wire me before accepting same; but if you can get the note cashed át once, at a reasonable discount, kindly do so*, and send me New York exchange for the amount, less said discount and your commission. Now, as to this commission, I wish to say, as I have heretofore written you, that I had not anticipated having to pay out a cent on the deal between Mr. Cable and myself, but wish to have you satisfied in the premises; aind for that reason make you the proposition to allow you, in consideration of placing this note and of whatever effort you may have put forth towards this trade, the sum of $150.” The note was indorsed to B. W. Buchanan, as agent. He made some attempts to negotiate it, and says he had about completed a sale, of it, although' that claim is not sustained by the evidence, but was informed that the plaintiff had commenced in Texas an action against Gaut similar to. this one, in which an injunction to restrain the transfer of the note was asked, and that he made no further attempts to negotiate the note. On the 29th day of May, Gaut sent to Buchanan a telegram as follows: “Enjoined 2 o’clock today from selling. If rióte not transferred before then, return note to me immediately. If already so transferred, remit proceeds immediately, less your commission.”- A few days later Gaut sent to- Buchanan another telegram, as follows: “Send note through bank, with draft-for one hundred and fifty, and same will be paid upon delivery of note.” The note was sent as requested, but was not taken up, and was returned to Buchanan. The evidence fails to show that Buchanan ever earned any commission, or that Gaut ever recognized that he had any legal right to compensation on account of the transaction with Cable. On the contrary, the letters of Gaut, although showing a willingness, to [665]*665pay a commission for the reason that it was demanded, indicated that he thought Buchanan was not entitled to it. In the letter which Gaut wrote inclosing the note, hei proposed to allow one hundred and fifty dollars “in consideration, of placing this note and of whatever effort you may have put forth towards this trade.” The note was not placed, and Buchanan does not show that he made any effort to effect the trade. On the contrary, he says he cautioned the plaintiff “about looking up Gaut” before the contract was closed. There is nothing in the letters of Gaut which tends to show that the note was sent to Buchanan to hold as security for his claim. The language used in the letter in which the-note was sent, and the form of the indorsement, indicate that Buchanan was to act as the agent of Gaut in holding and disposing of the note, and when that was done he was to have one hundred and fifty dollars of the proceeds. The telegram of May 19th, strengthens that theory.
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Robinson, C. J.
In May, 1891, the plaintiff, a resident of this state, entered into a partnership- with one R. B. Gaut, of Houston, Texas, for the purpose of carrying on a real estate and loan business at that place. As a part of the transaction, the plaintiff purchased one-half of the business' of Gaut which he had established at Houston, and was [662]*662then carrying on, including alleged rights in contracts for the purchase of real estate, and agreed to pay therefor the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars. In payment he gave to Gaut one thousand dollars in money, and the note in suit for one thousand five hundred dollars, dated May 1, 1897. The plaintiff alleges that the contract of partnership and for the purchase of one-half of the business aforesaid was procured by the means of false and fraudulent representations on the part of Gaut, and that the consideration for the contract and note has wholly failed. ,He asks that the defendants, Gaut & Buchanan, be enjoined from selling, the note, and that it be held to be null and void. Gaut was not served with notice and did not appear. Buchanan filed an answer, in which he denies all knowledge of the alleged fraud, and alleges that the note was assigned to him before maturity, for a valuable consideration; that he paid therefor two hundred and fifty dollars, which Ga,ut Was owing him; that the note was delivered to him for that sum, on consideration that when the note was sold or paid he should remit to Gaut the amount received therefor in excess of said sum. He asks judgment against the plaintiff for two hundred and fifty dollars and costs. The district court rendered judgment in favor of Buchanan on the note for one hundred and fifty dollars, and adjudged that the note be cancelled for the amount thereof in excess of one hundred and fifty dollars, and that it be delivered to the plaintiff.
I. The evidence shows that the note was procured by fraud, and that nothing should be recovered thereon, unless Buchanan acquired an interest therein in good faith for a valuable consideration, without notice of its illegality. 1 His interest and possession-were acquired substantially as follows: The character of Ms business is not fully shown, but it appears that he resided in this state, and that he sometimes went to the state of Texas with persons who thought of making investments there, and that he expected to receive a commission for any sale of property he [663]*663effected or helped to make. In. February, 1897, the plaintiff went with him to Texas, and was introduced by him to Ga.uh The purpose of the plaintiffs business in Texas at that time was not to enter into a partnership with Gaut, and, so far as is shown, no’ one at that time had any thought of the transaction which was afterward consummated. The partnership seems to ha.ve been first suggested by Gaut in a letter written by him to the plaintiff after the return of the latter to this state. The only connection Buchanan appears to have had with the matter was his act in introducing the plaintiff to Gaut, without any thought, however, as already stated, that a partnership might result from the introduction. Nevertheless, it appears that, after the agreement between the plaintiff and Gaut had been entered into, Buchanan made a demand on Gaut for a commission. In response, Gaut wrote to him, on the 10th day of May, 1897, as follows: “Now, I wish to pay you a commission, in view of the fact that you feel that I should do so. However, I am frank to say that I never thought of such a thing'as paying a commission on the deal with Mr. Gable. Now, in order to enable me to pay said commission in cash at once, I will place this 90-day note (referring to the note in suit). Gan you use it with your bank, or with any one in your county? * * * If you think you can place this note, I will indorse same, and send it to you at once, <and let you dispose of it, and take out your commission, and forward 'me the balance. * * * jf you can find some one who can handle it, advise me at once, * -x- * an¿ j wj2i forward same to you.” Buchanan states that, in response, he wrote to Gaut to indorse the note to him as agent, and forward it, and he would see what he could do about negotiating it, and would take it in lieu of cash payment, and would take chances on negotiating the note. Buchanan states that he received from Gaut a letter, with the note, in answer to the letter, but the letter of Gaut introduced purports to be in response to a telegram the contents of which are not shown. That letter is dated May 20, [664]*664and contains the following: “Inclosed herewith I hand yon Mr. Cable’s note, properly signed, as per your request givem by wire, * * * and ask that you cash same at once. Of course, do the very best you can in point of discount, but act as speedily as possible. * * * If the discount on this note is very much, wire me before accepting same; but if you can get the note cashed át once, at a reasonable discount, kindly do so*, and send me New York exchange for the amount, less said discount and your commission. Now, as to this commission, I wish to say, as I have heretofore written you, that I had not anticipated having to pay out a cent on the deal between Mr. Cable and myself, but wish to have you satisfied in the premises; aind for that reason make you the proposition to allow you, in consideration of placing this note and of whatever effort you may have put forth towards this trade, the sum of $150.” The note was indorsed to B. W. Buchanan, as agent. He made some attempts to negotiate it, and says he had about completed a sale, of it, although' that claim is not sustained by the evidence, but was informed that the plaintiff had commenced in Texas an action against Gaut similar to. this one, in which an injunction to restrain the transfer of the note was asked, and that he made no further attempts to negotiate the note. On the 29th day of May, Gaut sent to Buchanan a telegram as follows: “Enjoined 2 o’clock today from selling. If rióte not transferred before then, return note to me immediately. If already so transferred, remit proceeds immediately, less your commission.”- A few days later Gaut sent to- Buchanan another telegram, as follows: “Send note through bank, with draft-for one hundred and fifty, and same will be paid upon delivery of note.” The note was sent as requested, but was not taken up, and was returned to Buchanan. The evidence fails to show that Buchanan ever earned any commission, or that Gaut ever recognized that he had any legal right to compensation on account of the transaction with Cable. On the contrary, the letters of Gaut, although showing a willingness, to [665]*665pay a commission for the reason that it was demanded, indicated that he thought Buchanan was not entitled to it. In the letter which Gaut wrote inclosing the note, hei proposed to allow one hundred and fifty dollars “in consideration, of placing this note and of whatever effort you may have put forth towards this trade.” The note was not placed, and Buchanan does not show that he made any effort to effect the trade. On the contrary, he says he cautioned the plaintiff “about looking up Gaut” before the contract was closed. There is nothing in the letters of Gaut which tends to show that the note was sent to Buchanan to hold as security for his claim. The language used in the letter in which the-note was sent, and the form of the indorsement, indicate that Buchanan was to act as the agent of Gaut in holding and disposing of the note, and when that was done he was to have one hundred and fifty dollars of the proceeds. The telegram of May 19th, strengthens that theory. The last telegram contains the first intimation from Gaut that he recognized any right of Buchanan to hold tlie note for commission; and.' Gaut may not then have intended to recognize such a right, but to adopt the most expeditious means possible to secure the retum1 of the note. His intentions in that respect, however, are not material to a determination of this case. Buchanan then had notice of the invalidity of the note, and could not have acquired an interest therein adverse to the- . plaintiff.
II. If it can be said that Gaut o-wed Buchanan a commission, and that the note was transferred to the latter to-secure payment of the amount due him, he cannot be regarded 2 as having taken the note for value, in the usual course of business, for the reason that there was no-extension of time'for the payment of 'the claim agreed upon or other consideration, and the sole consideration for the transfer was the pre-existing debt. The transfer must therefore be regarded as merely voluntary on the part of Gaut,and subject to the right of the plaintiff.'to-show, its inval[666]*666idity and to have it canceled. Trustees v. Hill, 12 Iowa, 462; Ryan v. Chew, 13 Iowa, 589; Ruddick v. Lloyd, 15 Iowa, 441; Bank v. Barber, 56 Iowa, 559; Bone v. Tharp, 63 Iowa 223; Noteboom v. Watkins, 103 Iowa, 580. We conclude that tbe defendant is not entitled to any relief as against the plaintiff, and the decree of the district court, so far as it was in favor of the defendant, is reversed.
GRANGER, J., not sitting.