BLAND, J.
Suit was'begun in a justice’s court on the following statement:
“St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 20th, 1897.
“August H. Jung and Adolph C. Jung, copartners as A. H.
“Jung & Bro.
“to
“C. E. Donnell, doing business as C. E. Donnell Newspaper
“Co., Dr.
“To loss of profits and damages arising out of breach of a contract made by said A. H. Jung & Bro., with C. E. Donnell Newspaper Co., under which said Donnell was bound to furnish paper complete, and press work, for ‘The Carondelet Progress,’ from March 6, 1896, for a period of six months, and which they agreed to receive and pay for; which contract was broken by said A. H. Jung and Bro., without cause. $74.46.” [580]*580the suit was revived against his administratrix. To sustain the issues on his part plaintiff offered the following paper:
[579]*579During the pendency of the suit A. H. Jung died, and
[580]*580“2-24, 1896.
“To O. E. Donnell Newspaper Co.,
“Auxiliary Publishers,
“510-512 Elan St.,
“St. Louis, Mo.
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BLAND, J.
Suit was'begun in a justice’s court on the following statement:
“St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 20th, 1897.
“August H. Jung and Adolph C. Jung, copartners as A. H.
“Jung & Bro.
“to
“C. E. Donnell, doing business as C. E. Donnell Newspaper
“Co., Dr.
“To loss of profits and damages arising out of breach of a contract made by said A. H. Jung & Bro., with C. E. Donnell Newspaper Co., under which said Donnell was bound to furnish paper complete, and press work, for ‘The Carondelet Progress,’ from March 6, 1896, for a period of six months, and which they agreed to receive and pay for; which contract was broken by said A. H. Jung and Bro., without cause. $74.46.” [580]*580the suit was revived against his administratrix. To sustain the issues on his part plaintiff offered the following paper:
[579]*579During the pendency of the suit A. H. Jung died, and
[580]*580“2-24, 1896.
“To O. E. Donnell Newspaper Co.,
“Auxiliary Publishers,
“510-512 Elan St.,
“St. Louis, Mo.
“I will mail you regularly two copies of my paper completely printed, for your files. Extra sheets being sent me for that purpose.
“Print and ship for a period of 6 months — for which I ■agree to pay monthly.
“Signed A. H. Jung & Bro.,
“Per A. H. J.”
Plaintiff offered himself as a witness. By his testimony it was developed that the agreement sued on was made by plaintiff and his agent Gr. A. Jones with A. H. Jung, alone; that A. C. Jung, the other partner, was not present, and did not participate in the making of the agreement. On this showing the court, on the objection of defendant, ruled that [581]*581neither plaintiff nor his agent Jones were competent witnesses to prove the contract, for the reason that the other party to the contract was dead, but did permit both plaintiff and Jones to testify that deceased party did sign the paper. The court ruled that the paper offered in evidence as a contract was void for uncertainty, whereupon plaintiff took a nonsuit with leave to move to set it aside. His motion to set aside the nonsuit was overruled, and he appealed to this court.
(1) Appellant contends that Jones is a competent witness because he had no interest in the suit. Jones’ testimony shows that he was the agent of the respondent to solicit business; that he solicited an order from Jung & Company and prepared a part of the paper offered 'as a contract and was present when it was signed by A. H. Jung. In this transaction he repesented the plaintiff, stood in his shoes, and as to this transaction, it has been repeatedly held by our supreme court he was an incompetent witness. Green v. Ditsch, 143 Mo. 1; Brim v. Fleming, 135 Mo. loc. cit. 605; Banking House v. Rood, 132 Mo. 256. But as to what transpired afterwards, when he was not acting in the capacity of appellant’s agent, he was a competent witness, and was permitted by the court to testify, and because he was so permitted to testify without objection by respondent, was not a waiver by respondent of his competency to testify as to the making of the contract as contended for by appellant. It is not contended by appellant that respondent was a competent witness.
(2) Appellant, contends that surrounding facts and circumstances should be taken into consideration to explain away the patent ambiguity of-the paper offered as the contract between the parties. Lord Bacon said: ' “Ambiguitas patens can not be holpen by averment, and the reason is, because the law will not couple and mingle matter of specialty, which is of higher account, with matter of averment, which is of lower account in law, for that were to make all deeds hollow and subject to averment, and so in effect to make that pass [582]*582without deed which the law appoints shall not pass but by-deed.” Broom’s Legal -Maxims, side page 584. This rule has been extended to written contracts in general, and is as universally and as well settled as it is possible to settle a rule of pleading and evidence. The written instrument must stand or fall by what appears upon its face. It can not be “holpen” by extraneous evidence. The learned circuit judge held that it was too indefinite and vague for intelligent interpretation, that for uncertainty it was void. We are of the same opinion. It may be well to note further, that appellant did not offer a syllable of testimony tending to prove that he had sustained any damages whatever.
Binding no reversible error in the record the judgment is affirmed.
Judge Biggs concurs in result. All concur.