Bulbrook v. Family Funding, Inc.

1 Mass. L. Rptr. 642
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedMarch 21, 1994
DocketNo. 84-6598
StatusPublished

This text of 1 Mass. L. Rptr. 642 (Bulbrook v. Family Funding, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Bulbrook v. Family Funding, Inc., 1 Mass. L. Rptr. 642 (Mass. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

Fremont-Smith, J.

The plaintiff, John M. Bulbrook, brought this action to recover salary he allegedly deferred while working for the defendant, Family Funding, Inc. (hereinafter “FFI”). After a trial, the jury returned a $43,900 verdict in favor of Bulbrook. FFI has now moved for judgment N.O.V. and, in the alternative, a new trial. For the following reasons FFI’s motion for new trial is denied and its motion for judgment N.O.V. is allowed.

BACKGROUND

The evidence, in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, was as follows. At all times relevant to this lawsuit Bulbrook was the treasurer, a director, and a 31.7% shareholder in FFI. Glen Brewster was president, a director, and a 33.6% shareholder in FFI. FFI was and is a close corporation incorporated in the state of Delaware, in which Brewster now owns 99% of the stock.

On October 2, 1977, Bulbrook and Brewster each entered into written employment contracts with FFI in which each was to receive a salary of $60,000 for performing their respective company duties. These one-year contracts were to expire on September 30, 1978. During the term of the contracts Bulbrook and Brewster collected only $38,050, thereby leaving unpaid balances of $21,950. There was evidence upon which the jury could find that Bulbrook and Brewster, concerned with the company cash flow, agreed to defer the remainder of their salaries until a “more appropriate time” (Trial Vol. I, p.44) in order to “properly match [FFI’s] cash flow.” Trial Vol. I, p.66.

On June 28, 1978, an FFI shareholders’ meeting was held. Brewster and his wife (an FFI director) were the only attendees. Brewster held a proxy signed by Bulbrook allowing Brewster to represent Bulbrook. At this meeting the shareholders (Brewster and Bulbrook by proxy) voted to authorize FFI to negotiate and execute new one-year $60,000 employment contracts with Bulbrook and Brewster. There was evidence upon which the jury could find, as it did, that Bulbrook subsequently entered into such a one-year contract, that Bulbrook was again paid only $38,050 (a shortfall of $21,950), and that the corporation once more agreed to defer the deficiency. Trial Vol. I, p. 44.

[643]*643Bulbrook and Brewster did not disclose this deferred corporate obligation in financial statements filed with the S.E.C. or sent to shareholders, but, on the contrary, indicated in such documents that the company had a profit and had no significant deferred liabilities.

Bulbrook and Brewster had a falling out in 1983. Bulbrook resigned on March 16, 1984, at which time he first demanded the $43,900 that FFI had withheld from him on his 1977-78 and 1978-79 employment contracts. On the evidence, the net profits of FFI for the calendar years 1977-1983 could be found to have been as follows:

1977 — $15,626
1978 — $36,884
1979 — $25,062
1980 — $ 6,381
1981 — $30,941
1982 — $26,541
1983 — $30,246

DISCUSSION

I. Motion for a New Trial

The defendant has moved for a new trial pursuant to Mass.R.Civ.P. 59, claiming that (1) the verdict is contrary to the law, and to the weight of the evidence; and (2) the Court erred by failing to instruct the jury (a) on the strict fiduciary duties of close corporation shareholders, (b) on alleged plaintiff admissions, and (c) on the defendant’s estoppel defense.

The defendant first argues that the Bulbrook-Brew-ster agreement to defer Bulbrook’s salary was void ab initio because it was done without the knowledge and consent of FFI’s minority shareholders, in violation of the strict fiduciary obligations between shareholders in a close corporation imposed by Donahue v. Rodd Electrotype Company of New England, Inc., 367 Mass. 578, 593 (1975), and its progeny.1

Here, however, FFI is not asserting non-disclosure of the agreements on behalf of minority shareholders who were injured by a bad faith corporate decision of majority shareholders as in Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc., 370 Mass. 842, 851 (1976); Crowley v. Communications for Hospitals, Inc., 30 Mass.App.Ct. 751, 759 (1991); or as a result of a bad faith decision of a minority shareholders which injured other shareholders (as in Smith v. Atlantic Properties, Inc., 12 Mass.App.Ct. 201 (1981)). Here, the corporation (99% owned by Brewster) is seeking to invalidate contracts entered into, on behalf of the corporation, by Brewster, who was an equal beneficiary of the contracts and who was a party to the non-disclosure. In these circumstances, it would be incongruous to view FFI (and Brewster) as having standing to interpose the non-disclosure as a corporate defense.

The defendant further objects to the Court’s failure to instruct the jury that plaintiffs’ non-disclosure, in financial statements filed with the SEC or sent to shareholders, of the deferred compensation, constituted a binding admission that plaintiff had waived such compensation. Plaintiff expressly denied any intention of waiver at trial, however, and the Court believes that it correctly instructed the jury that the non-disclosure could be considered in deciding that issue, but declined to instruct that it constituted a waiver as a matter of law.

Accordingly, should the Appeals Court overturn this court’s granting of judgment N.O.V., this Court believes that the judgment for the plaintiff should simply be reinstated, as the verdict was not otherwise against the weight of the evidence or the result of any accident, error or misfortune which resulted in a miscarriage of justice.

II. Motion for Judgment N.O.V.

In assessing a motion for judgment N.O.V., the court must take the evidence in a light most favorable to the plaintiff. Michnik-Zilberman v. Gordon’s Liquor, Inc., 390 Mass. 6, 7 n.1 (1983). In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, the court must look to see whether anywhere in the evidence, from whatever source derived, any combination of circumstances can be found from which a reasonable inference can be drawn in favor of the plaintiff. Blais-Porter, Inc. v. Simboli, 402 Mass. 269, 274 (1988). Conflicting evidence, without more, will not justify a judgment N.O.V. O’Shaughnessy v. Besse, 7 Mass.App.Ct. 727, 729 (1979). As discussed above, the admitted non-disclosure of the deferred compensation to minority shareholders did not invalidate the contracts ab initio and therefore provides no basis for judgment N.O.V.

The defendant further argues, however, that G.L.c. .260, §2 provides for a six-year limitation period for contract actions, which here bars plaintiffs action as a matter of law. The Bulbrook employment contract was to expire, by its terms, on September 30, 1978, whereas suit was not filed until November 1984. The jury could find, however, on the evidence, that the parties’ alleged decision to defer part of the salary created a new contract term which enlarged the time of performance. It is well settled that “a written contract, before breach, may be varied by a subsequent oral agreement made on sufficient consideration.” Zlotnick v. McNamara, 301 Mass. 224, 225 (1938). The subsequent agreement “may enlarge the time of performance, or may vary any term of the contract. . .” Id. at 225-26.

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Related

Delaney v. Chief of Police of Wareham
539 N.E.2d 65 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1989)
Donahue v. Rodd Electrotype Co. of New England, Inc.
328 N.E.2d 505 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1975)
Crowley v. Communications for Hospitals, Inc.
573 N.E.2d 996 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1991)
Wilkes v. Springside Nursing Home, Inc.
353 N.E.2d 657 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1976)
Michnik-Zilberman v. Gordon's Liquor, Inc.
453 N.E.2d 430 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
O'SHAUGHNESSY v. Besse
389 N.E.2d 1049 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1979)
Blais-Porter, Inc. v. Simboli
521 N.E.2d 1013 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1988)
C. J. Hogan, Inc. v. Atlantic Corp.
124 N.E.2d 905 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1955)
Smith v. Atlantic Properties, Inc.
422 N.E.2d 798 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1981)
Zlotnick v. McNamara
16 N.E.2d 632 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1938)

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Bluebook (online)
1 Mass. L. Rptr. 642, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/bulbrook-v-family-funding-inc-masssuperct-1994.