Buckner v. Commissioner

1981 T.C. Memo. 165, 41 T.C.M. 1230, 1981 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 578
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedApril 7, 1981
DocketDocket No. 9113-77
StatusUnpublished

This text of 1981 T.C. Memo. 165 (Buckner v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Buckner v. Commissioner, 1981 T.C. Memo. 165, 41 T.C.M. 1230, 1981 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 578 (tax 1981).

Opinion

MAC BUCKNER, Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent
Buckner v. Commissioner
Docket No. 9113-77
United States Tax Court
T.C. Memo 1981-165; 1981 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 578; 41 T.C.M. (CCH) 1230; T.C.M. (RIA) 81165;
April 7, 1981.
Mac Buckner, pro se.
David M. Kirsch, for the respondent.

DAWSON

MEMORANDUM FINDINGS OF FACT AND OPINION

DAWSON, Judge: This case*579 was assigned to and heard by Special Trial Judge Murray H. Falk pursuant to the provisions of section 7456(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, and General Order No. 6 of this Court, 69 T.C. XV (1976). 1 The Court agrees with and adopts the Special Trial Judge's Opinion which is set forth below.

OPINION OF THE SPECIAL TRIAL JUDGE

FALK, Special Trial Judge: Respondent determined a deficiency in the amount of $ 2,758 in petitioner's Federal income tax and an addition to tax under section 6653(a) 2 in the amount of $ 137.90 for 1974. At issue are: (1) Whether petitioner is entitled to a deduction under sections 162 and 274 for certain traveling expenses and (2) whether part of petitioner's underpayment of tax (if any) is due to negligence or intentional disregard of rules and regulations. 2

*580 FINDINGS OF FACT

There is no stipulation of facts. The facts contained in petitioner's answers to respondent's request for admissions and respondent's answers to petitioner's request for admissions filed herein are, to the extent that they constitute admissions, so found. See Rule 90(e), Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.

Petitioner is an unmarried person who resided at Hallandale, Florida, at the time he filed his petition herein.

Petitioner was in the ladies' ready-to-wear business on his own account in New York for 25 years prior to 1965. He went out of that business in 1965 and moved to Florida in 1973. From 1965 to 1973, he performed sales services for various companies in the garment industry operating out of New York and, from 1973 through the year at issue, for Yam International, Inc. operating out of Miami. At the same time, he traveled to see and maintain contact with people with thom he might do business in the event that he ever went back into business on his own again.

Petitioner did not make or maintain records of the business purposes with respect to his expenditures for travel in the year at issue other than those for which he received reimbursement*581 from Yam International, Inc. He was not negligent, however, nor did he intentionally disregard respondent's rules or regulations in failing to keepo such records.

OPINION

Respondent disallowed petitioner's claimed deduction for traveling expenses on the grounds that (a) petitioner did not establish that they were ordinary and necessary business expenses and (b) they were not verified as required by section 274. The expenses which petitioner incurred on behalf of and for which he was reimbursed by Yam International, Inc. (which are not reflected on his return) are not in issue. We are concerned solely with his unreimbursed expenditures incurred to maintain contact with people with whom petitioner might do business should he ever go back into business on his own account.

Section 162(a) allows a deduction for ordinary and necessary business expenses. Whether activities carried on by an individual are to be characterized as those of a trade or business under section 162(a) is a question of fact. E.g., Ford v. Commissioner, 56 T.C. 1300, 1307 (1971), affd. 487 F.2d 1025 (9th Cir. 1973); Reisinger v. Commissioner, 71 T.C. 568, 572 (1979).*582 In order for an expenditure to be deductible as a business expense, it must relate to activities which amount to the present carrying on of an existing business. Reisinger v. Commissioner, supra; Koons v. Commissioner, 35 T.C. 1092, 1100 (1961).

Expenses such as these are deductible under section 162 if they are incurred during a temporary period of transition in which the taxpayer is actively seeking to continue to serve the same customers with whom he previously dealt. Haft v. Commissioner, 40 T.C. 2 (1963). Expenditures made in anticipation of resuming business at some indefinite future time, however, are not deductible. Owen v. Commissioner, 23 T.C. 377 (1954)

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Related

John Robinson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
422 F.2d 873 (Ninth Circuit, 1970)
John C. Ford v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
487 F.2d 1025 (Ninth Circuit, 1973)
Owen v. Commissioner
23 T.C. 377 (U.S. Tax Court, 1954)
Koons v. Commissioner
35 T.C. 1092 (U.S. Tax Court, 1961)
Haft v. Commissioner
40 T.C. 2 (U.S. Tax Court, 1963)
Sanford v. Commissioner
50 T.C. 823 (U.S. Tax Court, 1968)
Robinson v. Commissioner
51 T.C. 520 (U.S. Tax Court, 1968)
Ford v. Commissioner
56 T.C. 1300 (U.S. Tax Court, 1971)
Reisinger v. Commissioner
71 T.C. 568 (U.S. Tax Court, 1979)

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Bluebook (online)
1981 T.C. Memo. 165, 41 T.C.M. 1230, 1981 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 578, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/buckner-v-commissioner-tax-1981.