Buckalew v. Concord Manor, Ltd.

2025 Ohio 1359

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: April 15, 2025
• Docket: 24 CA 00041
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Buckalew v. Concord Manor, Ltd., 2025-Ohio-1359.]

COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

CHAD A. BUCKALEW, : JUDGES: : Hon. Andrew J. King, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellant : Hon. Robert G. Montgomery, J. : Hon. Kevin W. Popham, J. -vs- : : CONCORD MANOR, LTD., et al., : Case No. 2024 CA 00041 : Defendant - Appellees : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Fairfield County Common Pleas Court, Case No. 2022 CV 00645

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 15, 2025

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee

JOSHUA R. KEMME JOSEPH G. BOGDEWIECZ JORDAN R. WOLFE JENNIFER L. WILSON JOSEPH F. PFLUM Freund, Freeze & Arnold O'Connor, Acciani & Levy 620 E. Broad Street, Suite F 600 Vine Street, Suite 1600 Columbus, OH 43215 Cincinnati, OH 45202 Montgomery, J.

{¶1} Plaintiff-Appellant, Chad Buckalew, appeals from the trial court’s decision

granting summary judgment in favor of Defendant-Appellees, Concord Manor, LTD, and

Concord Manor II, LLC, determining that no genuine issue of material fact existed, and

that Appellees did not violate their statutory duty under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). For the

reasons below, we affirm.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

{¶2} This matter arises from a slip and fall Chad Buckalew (“Appellant”) suffered

in his apartment that he leased from Appellees, Concord Manor, Ltd., and Concord

Manor, II, LLC (“Concord”). Appellant filed this action in the Fairfield County Common

Pleas Court alleging negligence per se under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). On January 31, 2024,

Concord filed a Motion for Summary Judgment, arguing there was no genuine issue of

material fact that Concord was liable. On September 16, 2024, the trial court issued its

detailed decision granting Concord’s motion for summary judgment. On October 15,

2024, Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal. Appellant claims the trial court improperly

granted summary judgment because genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether

a leaky pipe under Appellant's kitchen sink rendered the apartment unfit and

uninhabitable.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

{¶3} Based on the evidence in the record, the undisputed and relevant facts are

as follows. On September 28, 2020, Appellant entered into a lease agreement with

Concord for an apartment located at 129 W. Walnut Street, Apt. J, Lancaster, Ohio.

Appellant Depo., Exhibit 1. By virtue of the lease, a landlord and tenant contractual relationship existed between Appellant and Concord. Concord utilized a maintenance

repair process and provided maintenance request forms in the laundry room for a tenant

to fill out whenever he or she encountered a problem in the apartment. Appellant

confirmed this procedure for reporting problems/issues and added " [o]r text Sam [Iser] to

let him know". Sam Iser (“Iser”) is the owner of the subject property. The maintenance

man, Donald Anderson (“Anderson”), collected the workorders each day, Monday through

Friday.

{¶4} On or about June 14, 2021, Appellant noticed two separate leaks – one in

his bathroom sink and one near the kitchen sink. Appellant testified that when he turned

on the kitchen sink, and only when the water was running, the floor became wet. That

same day, rather than filling out the form, Appellant texted Iser, and informed him that the

kitchen sink was leaking and needed repaired. Appellant’s text stated:

Sorry to bother you on this fine work day * * * but I need to get the

maintenance man into my apartment. The bathroom sink is dripping water

again and I'm afraid it will jack my water bill higher. Also there might be,

[not] sure, but might be a leak somewhere in the kitchen either under the

sink or out of fridge. I have water on the floor every day. I mop it up but

reappears. Thank you for your time and hard work.

Buckalew Depo. p. 129; Exhibit 2.

{¶5} A few hours later, Iser replied: “I’m sorry who is this”, Id., pp. 130-31; Exhibit

2. Appellant responded: "'My bad. Chad Buckalew.” Upon receipt of the text messages

from Appellant, Iser contacted the maintenance man, Anderson, to make the necessary

repairs: I had contacted Mr. Anderson when [Appellant] had sent me the text

message. And then I would talk with Mr. Anderson on a daily basis. With

the number of units that are there, I would talk with Mr. Anderson. I spoke

with Mr. Anderson, and Mr. Anderson reassured me that there was no leak

- or that he had fixed the leak.

Iser Depo., p. 22.

{¶6} Similarly, Anderson testified that "two or three days prior to [Appellant’s]

fall," he repaired the plumbing under the kitchen sink by replacing an "0-ring" that had

come off. Anderson testified that after he made the repair, the sink was no longer leaking.

Anderson Depo, pp. 23-24.

{¶7} Appellant also testified as follows:

Q: Okay. So its possible that the maintenance man came in and repaired to

the best of his ability whatever leak there was between June 15th and June

24th?

A: That is - that is possible. yes.

Q: Okay. And then there's, according to Exhibit 2, no other notification that

the leak reappeared?

A: That is correct.

Appellant Depo., p. 136.

{¶8} After making this report, Appellant testified that he did not use the sink in

his kitchen for ten (10) days because he was busy working and did not have an

opportunity to make a meal in the kitchen. However, on June 24, 2021, Appellant used the kitchen sink to clean some dishes after dinner. Appellant testified that water went all

over the floor; Appellant slipped and fell and sustained significant injuries.

{¶9} Despite these injuries, the Trial Court held:

[T]he leaky pipe under the kitchen sink did not render the premises in this

matter unfit or uninhabitable. lndeed, there is no serious contention by the

Plaintiff that the leaky faucet "made the premises unfit for human

habitation." Lewis v. Wall, 2008-0hio-3387, ¶ 38 (11th Dist.). "The concept

of fitness and habitability is concerned with defects that force a tenant to

endure serious deprivations or basic needs or threats to the tenant's health

or safety ... ", Wilmoth v. Akron Metro Housing. Auth., 2016-0hio-3441, ¶ 21

(9th Dist.). A detailed survey of the cases discussing fitness and habitability

from appellate districts throughout the state has not yielded any basis for

this Court to hold otherwise.

See Buckalew v. Concord Manor LTD, Fairfield C.P. No. 22 CV 645, ¶ 11.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING DEFENDANTS- APPELLEES MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND FINDING AS A MATTER OF LAW THAT DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES DID NOT VIOLATE ITS STATUTORY DUTY UNDER R.C. 5321.04(A)(2).”

SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD OF REVIEW

{¶11} Summary judgment proceedings present the appellate court with the unique

opportunity of reviewing the evidence in the same manner as the trial court. Smiddy v.

The Wedding Party, Inc., 30 Ohio St.3d 35, 36 (1987). Accordingly, this Court reviews a

trial court’s award of summary judgment de novo. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio

St.3d 102, 105 (1996). {¶12} Civ. R. 56(C) states in pertinent part: “Summary Judgment shall be

rendered forthwith if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, written

admissions, affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact, if any,

timely filed in the action, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and

that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law ... A summary judgment

shall not be rendered unless it appears from such evidence or stipulation, and only from

the evidence or stipulation, that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and

that conclusion is adverse to the party against whom the motion for summary judgment

is made, that party being entitled to have the evidence or stipulation construed most

strongly in the party's favor."

{¶13} Thus, summary judgment may be granted only after the trial court

determines that: 1) no genuine issues as to any material fact remain to be litigated; 2) the

moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law; and 3) it appears from the

evidence that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and viewing such

evidence most strongly in favor of the party against whom the motion for summary

judgment is made, that conclusion is adverse to that party. Temple v. Wean United, Inc.,

50 Ohio St.2d 317 (1977).

{¶14} Summary judgment consists of a burden-shifting framework. Dresher v.

Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 294 (1996). The movant bears the initial burden of demonstrating

the absence of genuine issues of material fact concerning the essential elements of the

nonmoving party's case. Once this burden is met, the burden shifts to the nonmoving

party. Id. According to Civ.R. 56(E), the nonmoving party may not rest on mere allegations or denials in their pleadings but must set forth specific facts showing a genuine

issue for trial. Id. at 293.

{¶15} To defeat a motion for summary judgment filed by a defendant in a

negligence action, this Court recognizes a plaintiff must identify a duty owed him by the

defendant, and the evidence must be sufficient, considered most favorably to the plaintiff,

to allow reasonable minds to conclude the duty was breached, and that the breach of duty

was the proximate cause of plaintiff's actual injury. Boushack v. Grisez Inv., L.P., 2016-

Ohio-355, ¶ 10 (5th Dist.) (affirming summary judgment to landlord under theory of

negligence per se pursuant to R.C. 5321.04). Further, a court may resolve whether a

defect makes the premises unfit and uninhabitable as a matter of law on summary

judgment. Pease v. Croxton Realty, 1992 WL 362463, *3 (5th Dist.).

{¶16} As stated above, the trial court specifically found “that the leaky pipe under

the kitchen sink did not render the premises * * * unfit or uninhabitable.” On appeal,

Appellant argues the trial court improperly granted summary judgment and finding that

Concord did not violate its statutory duty under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). Appellant argues that

he sustained a traumatic fall in his apartment kitchen as the result of water on the floor

due to a leaking pipe under the sink and Concord’s failure to properly fix the leak

constitutes a violation of R.C. 5321.04(A)(2), constituting negligence per se.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

{¶17} R.C. 5321.04 requires landlords to perform certain duties on behalf of its

tenants. In relevant part, R.C. 5321.04(A) states a landlord who is a party to a rental

agreement shall do all the following: (1) Comply with the requirements of all applicable

building, housing, health, and safety codes that materially affect health and safety; (2) Make all repairs and do whatever is reasonably necessary to put and keep the premises

in a fit and habitable condition. (Emphasis added.) Here, Concord is a party to the rental

agreement with Appellant and required to comply with the statutory duties.

{¶18} Ohio courts hold that a landlord's violation of the duties set forth in R.C.

5321.04 constitutes negligence per se. Carter v. Forestview Terrace L.L.C., 2016-0hio-

5229, (8th Dist.), at 25, citing Person-Thomas v. Quilliams-Noble Apartments. L.L.C.,

2015-0hio-4277, (8th Dist.), at 14 (citation omitted); Robinson v. Bates, 2006-0hio-6362,

¶¶ 22-23. The Robinson court made clear that negligence per se allows the plaintiff to

prove both (1) duty and (2) breach of duty by showing that the defendant committed or

omitted a specific act prohibited or required by statute. Dabe v. M.K. Hufford Co., 2022-

Ohio-2802, ¶ 26 (2d Dist.), citing Lang v. Holly Hill Motel, Inc., 2009-0hio-2495, ¶ 15.

{¶19} However, negligence per se is not necessarily equivalent to a finding of

liability per se because the plaintiff must still prove proximate cause and damages.

Robinson, ¶ 23; see also Chambers v. St. Mary's School, 82 Ohio St.3d 563, 565, (1998).

Negligence per se is also different from strict liability, in that a negligence-per-se violation

will not preclude defenses and excuses, unless the statute clearly contemplates such a

result. Robinson, ¶ 23. Most statutes are construed to require that the actor take

reasonable diligence and care to comply, and if after such diligence and care the actor is

unable to comply, the violation will ordinarily be excused. Robinson, ¶ 23; Shroades v.

Rental Homes, 68 Ohio St.2d 20, 25-26, 427 N.E.2d 774 (1981).

{¶20} The purpose of R.C. 5321.04 is to protect persons using rented residential

premises from injuries. See, Shroades v. Rental Homes, Inc., 68 Ohio St.2d 20, 25 (1981).

Thus, to demonstrate a landlord’s breach of its statutory duty, courts have placed a relatively high burden on plaintiffs alleging defects under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). A plaintiff

must show that the premises are unfit and uninhabitable. January Invests, LLC v. Ingram,

2010-Ohio-1937, ¶ 26 (12th Dist.); Cipollone v. Hoffmeier, 2007-Ohio-3788, ¶ 22 (1st

Dist.); Wenzke v. Baird, 2014-0hio-3069, ¶ 18 (6th Dist.).

{¶21} Indeed, Ohio courts have held that to run afoul of R.C. 5321.04(A)(2),

thereby violating the duty to keep the premises in a fit and habitable condition, defects

must be “so substantial” as to amount to a “constructive eviction.”1 Cipollone, ¶ 22 (stating

that defects must be so substantial as to amount to a “constructive eviction” such that

window latches are not necessary for a property to be habitable); January Invests, ¶ 26

(articulating that the purpose of [R.C. 5321.04] is to protect persons using rented

residential premises from injuries; such that light fixtures, landscaping, blinds and

chimney sweeps etc. are not within the reach of the Ohio Landlord Tenant Act); In re V.R.,

2014-Ohio-5061 ¶ 12 (1st Dist.); Wenzke v. Baird, 2014-0hio-3069, ¶¶ 17, 18; Dabe, ¶¶

41-43 (upholding trial court’s granting of summary judgment to landlord; recognizing its

prior caselaw that “[t]he meaning and interpretation of the statutory phrase ‘fit and

habitable’ will not be liberally construed to include that which does not clearly fall within

the import of the statute); Pedra Properties, LLC v. Justmann, 2015-0hio-5427, ¶ 19-20

(8th Dist.).

{¶22} Conditions or defects that are a mere annoyance or inconvenience do not

render the premises unfit or uninhabitable. Fitness and habitability include such defects

as lack of water or heat, faulty wiring, or vermin infestations. Pedra Properties, ¶ 19-20;

1 Constructive eviction occurs when the landlord interferes with the tenant's possession and enjoyment of the premises, and the acts of interference by the landlord compel the tenant to leave. see also, Stiffler v. Canterbury Runn Apts., 2002–Ohio–5382 (2d Dist.), ¶ 11 (apartment

“infiltrated by leaking water, sewage, growing mold, soaked carpets, and a sagging

ceiling” was uninhabitable); Bogner v. Titleist Club, LLC, 2006–Ohio–7003 (6th Dist.)

(finding no constructive eviction and breach of the warranty of habitability based on

“persistent moisture/mold/mildew problems” where, “although annoying and perhaps the

cause of some discomfort”, tenants presented no evidence to establish that the mold

constituted a hazard that was serious enough to require tenants to vacate the premises);

Ruble v. M&L Properties, Ltd., 2010–Ohio–6356, ¶ 53–56 (5th Dist.); Gress v. Wechter,

2013-Ohio-971 (6th Dist.) (recognizing a defect must render premises unfit and

uninhabitable and does not include such items as missing handrails); Mullins v. Grosz,

2020-Ohio-3844, ¶ 34 (10th Dist.) (finding that lack of a handrail or gating in walkway area

did not render the premises unfit and uninhabitable); Roundtree v. Byrd, 2024-Ohio-5511,

¶ 13 (2d Dist.) (reiterating that R.C. 5321.04(A)(2) requires the defects in the premises to

be so substantial as to amount to constructive eviction); Wilmoth v. Akron Metro. Hous.

Auth., 2016-Ohio-3441, ¶ 21-22 (9th Dist.) (“serious deprivations of basic needs or threats

to the tenant's health or safety” are required); Wenzke v. Baird, 2014-Ohio-3069, ¶ 18-20

(6th Dist.) (warranty is one of habitability).

{¶23} Here, we conclude the undisputed facts show that Concord did not violate

its statutory duty under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). There is no evidence that the water leak, or

lack thereof, impacted Appellant’s ability to use his apartment. In fact, Appellant's

apartment remained habitable. On June 14, 2021, Appellant notified landlord Iser of the

leak; Iser contacted Anderson and Anderson testified that he repaired the leak several

days before Appellant’s fall. Iser confirmed with Anderson that the leak was repaired. Assuming the leak reappeared, Appellant did not notify Concord such that Concord could

not have known that it returned. Appellant Depo., pp. 134-136. Appellant continued to

live in the apartment for nearly 10 days without any issues or problems.

{¶24} Buckalew maintains Concord breached its statutory duty R.C.

5321.04(A)(2) because the leak reappeared. In support, Appellant cites Weingarden v.

Eagle Ridge Condominiums, 71 Ohio Misc.2d 7, 13 (1995). In that case, the court found

that a continuously leaking basement rendered the apartment uninhabitable such that it

was a "substantial deprivation of the premises." Id. at 14. However, the facts of

Weingarden are quite distinguishable from the facts here. Weingarden involved a

“continuous condition,” namely a leaking basement, resulting in thoroughly soaked

carpeting with resultant mildew and a terrible odor. The court also emphasized that the

basement comprised 1/3 of the apartment and the tenants relied on that specific space

when they entered the lease. Under those facts, the court determined that due to the

constant water and resultant mildew, the tenant was unable to use the space and

established its uninhabitability. Id.

{¶25} The present facts are nowhere close to the facts contained in Weingarden.

Appellant testified that he did not even attempt to use his kitchen sink for nearly 10 days,

by his own choice because he was too tired and lazy to cook, and did not have a need to

use it. Importantly, Appellant did NOT testify that he didn’t use the sink because it was

leaking. Had the leak flooded Appellant’s apartment, this may be a different case. It did

not. In the final analysis, even if the leak was not repaired (which, based on the evidence

before the court, it was repaired) or if the leak was repaired and reappeared, the defect

was not so substantial as to amount to a “constructive eviction.” Appellant’s testimony that he chose not to use the kitchen sink for 10 days completely undermines his claim.

Simply stated, there is no evidence to suggest that the leak resulted in a serious

deprivation of Appellant’s basic needs or threatened his health or safety. Thus, Appellant

cannot demonstrate that Concord breached its duty under R.C. 5321.04(A)(2). Without

a breach of duty, negligence fails as a matter of law.

{¶26} It seems Appellant contends for the first time on appeal that the leak left him

“without water” in his kitchen for 10 days, deprived him of basic necessities, created a

safety hazard, and "effectively made it impossible for [him] to safely utilize the kitchen

* * *''. Appellee Brief, p. 13. The trial court certainly did not address this argument. It is

well established that a party cannot raise arguments and issues for the first time on appeal

that he or she failed to raise before the trial court. Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Hill,

2015-0hio-1575 (5th Dist.) ("It is well-settled law in Ohio that appellate courts will not

consider as error issues that are raised for the first time on appeal"), citing Schade v.

Carnegie Body Co., 70 Ohio St.2d 207, 210 (1982).

{¶27} Assuming Appellant somehow preserved this argument on appeal, we

conclude that there is no evidence to support the contention. In fact, Appellant testified

that between June 15 and June 24:

I never had the water on. l was never in my kitchen cooking or doing

anything. I was either too lazy to cook and I would stop and get food, or l

was coming in late and there was no way I'm cooking meals.

Appellant Depo., p. 135.

Appellant may not rest on mere allegations or denials in his pleadings but must set forth

specific facts showing a genuine issue for trial. Although we are sympathetic to Appellant’s injury after the fall, reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion and

viewing such evidence most strongly in favor of Appellant, there is no evidence to support

Appellant’s position that Concord breached its statutory duty to maintain the premises in

a fit and habitable condition. Accordingly, summary judgment is proper and

Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.

CONCLUSION

{¶28} For the reasons above, Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled,

and the judgment of the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By: Montgomery, J.

King, P.J. and

Popham, J. concur.