Buc-Ee's, LTD. v. David DeGroot

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: July 27, 2023
• Docket: 13-23-00084-CV
• Status: Published

Opinion

NUMBER 13-23-00084-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI – EDINBURG

BUC-EE’S LTD., Appellant,

v.

DAVID DEGROOT, Appellee.

On appeal from the County Court at Law No. 9 of Hidalgo County, Texas.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Justices Tijerina, Silva, and Peña Memorandum Opinion by Justice Silva

In this restricted appeal, appellant Buc-ee’s Ltd. appeals a no-answer default

judgment awarding appellee David DeGroot $70,000 in damages. In five issues, appellant

argues (1) the record does not show strict compliance with the rules of service;

(2) appellee failed to plead and provide prima facie proof that venue in Hidalgo County was proper; (3) the trial court improperly awarded the recovery of attorney’s fees; (4) there

is no evidence to support the trial court’s award for medical expenses incurred and to be

incurred in the future; and (5) the record did not contain sufficient evidence to warrant an

award for commercial damages. For reasons set out below, we agree that service was

invalid. Accordingly, we reverse and remand.

I. BACKGROUND

On August 26, 2022, appellee filed suit against appellant, alleging a negligence

cause of action after he broke his dental crown when he bit down on roasted almonds

purchased at a Buc-ee’s convenience store in Bastrop County. The petition identified Buc-

ee’s as the defendant, “a domestic corporation in the state of Texas [which] may be

served through its attorney of record, H. Tracy Johnson, III, at 11200 Broadway, Suite

2332, Pearland, Texas 77584.”

Citation was issued via certified mail to “BUC-EE’S LTD., ATTORNEY OF

RECORD: H. TRACY JOHNSON III” at 11200 Broadway, Suite 2332, Pearland, Texas

on September 2, 2022. The signed civil processor’s return filed with the Hidalgo County

Clerk on October 12, 2022, contained the following notation: “green return card was never

returned.”

Nearly two months later, appellee moved for entry of default judgment. On January

26, 2023, the trial court signed an order granting default judgment and awarding appellee

$70,000 plus post-judgment interest and attorney’s fees. On February 27, 2023, appellant

filed this restricted appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 30.

2 II. RESTRICTED APPEAL

A restricted appeal is a direct attack on the trial court’s judgment. See PNS Stores,

Inc. v. Rivera, 379 S.W.3d 267, 272–73 (Tex. 2012). To prevail on a restricted appeal, an

appellant must demonstrate:

(1) he filed notice of the restricted appeal within six months after the judgment was signed;

(2) he was a party to the underlying lawsuit;

(3) he did not participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment complained of, and did not timely file any post-judgment motions or requests for findings of fact and conclusions of law; and

(4) error is apparent on the face of the record.

Ex parte E.H., 602 S.W.3d 486, 495 (Tex. 2020) (citing Pike-Grant v. Grant, 447 S.W.3d

884, 886 (Tex. 2014) (per curiam)); see TEX. R. APP. P. 30. “For these purposes, the ‘face

of the record’ consists of all the papers that were before the trial court at the time it

rendered judgment.” Ex parte Vega, 510 S.W.3d 544, 547 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–

Edinburg 2016, no pet.). “The requirement that error be apparent on the face of the record

means that ‘error that is merely inferred [from the record] will not suffice.’” Id. (quoting

Ginn v. Forrester, 282 S.W.3d 430, 431 (Tex. 2009) (per curiam) (alteration in original)).

There is no dispute that appellant established the first three elements. See id.

Thus, the only remaining issue is whether appellant has demonstrated that any of the

complained-of errors are apparent from the face of the record. See TEX. R. APP. P. 30;

Eguia v. Eguia, 367 S.W.3d 455, 459 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg 2012, no

pet.).

3 III. SERVICE

Appellant first argues appellee failed to comply with service requirements, and

such error is apparent from the record.

“There are no presumptions in favor of valid issuance, service, and return of

citation in the face of a [direct] attack on a default judgment.” WWLC Inv., L.P. v. Miraki,

624 S.W.3d 796, 799 (Tex. 2021) (per curiam) (quoting Primate Constr., Inc. v. Silver,

884 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. 1994) (per curiam)). If the record does not show strict

compliance with the rules governing citation and return of service, then service is invalid

and in personam jurisdiction cannot be established. See Guardianship of Fairley, 650

S.W.3d 372, 380 (Tex. 2022) (“[T]he plaintiff must validly invoke that jurisdiction by valid

service of process on the defendant.”). Even actual notice to a defendant is insufficient to

convey jurisdiction on the trial court and will not cure defective service. Hubicki v. Festina,

226 S.W.3d 405, 408 (Tex. 2007) (per curiam) (citing Wilson v. Dunn, 800 S.W.2d 833,

836 (Tex. 1990)); see Pro-Fire & Sprinkler, L.L.C. v. The Law Co., Inc., 661 S.W.3d 156,

162 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2021, no pet.) (“The Supreme Court of Texas has reiterated that

it construes strict compliance to mean just that.”) (cleaned up); see also Inv. Ideas, Inc.

v. Ellekay, LLC, No. 13-10-208-CV, 2010 WL 4657953, at *2 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–

Edinburg Nov. 18, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Virtually any deviation from the statutory

requisites for service of process will destroy a default judgment.”). Whether service strictly

complies is a question of law we review de novo. Turbo Rests., LLC v. Reid’s

Refrigeration Inc., 657 S.W.3d 490, 495 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2022, no pet.).

“[S]ervice on a limited partnership may be made on its general partner or registered

4 agent.” Miraki, 624 S.W.3d at 799 (citing TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE ANN. §§ 5.201(b)(1),

5.255(2)). “Service on a limited partnership, unlike a corporation, is not authorized to be

made through an officer.” Id. at 800 (citing TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE ANN. § 5.255(1)–(2)).

Moreover, return of service rules require that “[w]hen the citation was served by registered

or certified mail, . . . the return by the officer or authorized person must also contain the

return receipt with the addressee’s signature.” TEX. R. CIV. P. 107(c); Sw. Sec. Servs.,

Inc. v. Gamboa, 172 S.W.3d 90, 92 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2005, no pet.). Rule 107 requires

a showing of the connection between the person signing for the process and the actual

addressee. See Asset Prot. & Sec. Servs., L.P. v. Armijo, 570 S.W.3d 377, 383 (Tex.

App.—El Paso 2019, no pet.); see also Alamo Home Fin., Inc. v. Duran, No. 13-14-00462-

CV, 2015 WL 4381091, at *5 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi–Edinburg July 16, 2015, no pet.)

(mem op.).

Here, the face of the record shows that appellee filed suit against “Buc-ee’s Ltd.,”

and the return of service states that “ATTORNEY OF RECORD: H. TRACY JOHNSON

III” 1 was served via certified mail. However, the civil processor’s return does not indicate

Johnson’s capacity to receive service on behalf of appellant—that is, whether Johnson

was an authorized agent of the addressee for service of process—or that Johnson was,

in fact, the recipient of the mailed service. This alone renders service defective. See Turbo

Rests., 657 S.W.3d at 498–501 (finding that service was invalid where it was not possible

1 On appeal, appellant notes that its registered agent listed as the agent for service of process with

the Texas Secretary of State is CT Corporation; “the individual identified as the attorney of record [in appellee’s service return] is a fictitious person, as there is no attorney who has represented [a]ppellant named H. Tracy Johnson, III”; and “[a] search of the Texas State Bar website names only one individual” by that name licensed to practice in the State, and he is located in Dallas—not Pearland.

5 to determine from the record whether the individual who accepted service was authorized

to do so on behalf of the company); Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Carrollton-Farmers Branch

Indep. Sch. Dist., 180 S.W.3d 903, 905 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2005, pet. denied) (concluding

that a return that did not indicate the capacity of the person served or explain that person’s

authority to receive service as a registered agent rendered service invalid); see also

Paving & Seal Pro v. McConnell Cars & RV, LLC, No. 04-16-00518-CV, 2017 WL

2350973, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio May 31, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same);

MYRMAC Corp. v. P.H., No. 02-16-00319-CV, 2017 WL 1173841, at *2 (Tex. App.—Fort

Worth Mar. 30, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (same).

Moreover, a return receipt, i.e., “green card” does not appear in the record, and a

postal tracking document attached to appellee’s motion for default judgment indicates

only that an “item was delivered to the front desk, reception area, or mail room at 2:39 pm

on September 2, 2022[,] in PEARLAND, TX 77584”—making no mention of precisely who

the individual recipient was and containing no recipient signature. In other words, on its

face, the record shows that the return receipt was not signed by the intended addressee

or by a registered agent. Cf. TEX. R. CIV. P. 107(c); see Gamboa, 172 S.W.3d at 92

(concluding that service of process by certified mail was defective where the return receipt

was not signed by the addressee); see also HWAT, Inc. v. Agnew, No. 02-20-00301-CV,

2021 WL 1229960, at *4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Apr. 1, 2021, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“A

green card’s failure to connect the person signing the green card with the entity being

served makes service defective on its face.”); Ny-Mac Enters., Inc. v. Orr, No. 06-18-

00005-CV, 2018 WL 2436350, at *2 (Tex. App.—Texarkana May 31, 2018, no pet.) (mem.

6 op.) (concluding that service was defective where “both the ‘Agent’ and ‘Addressee’ boxes

were left unchecked on the green card, [and] the record does not indicate [the service

recipient’s] connection, if any, with InCorp Services, Inc.”); Duran, 2015 WL 4381091, at

*5 (“In addition, the return of receipt is signed, illegibly, by a Veronica Cordell. Both the

‘agent’ and ‘addressee’ boxes are left unchecked. Nowhere in the record is there any

indication as to what connection Cordell has to Alamo. The record, on its face, shows that

the return was not signed by the addressee or agent.”).

We conclude the face of the record fails to show strict compliance with the rules

governing return of service. See TEX. BUS. ORGS. CODE ANN. §§ 5.201(b)(1), 5.255(2);

TEX. R. CIV. P. 107(c). Thus, the trial court lacked jurisdiction to render a default judgment

against appellant. See Guardianship of Fairley, 650 S.W.3d at 380. We sustain

appellant’s first issue, and our resolution of this issue makes it unnecessary to address

appellant’s remaining issues. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

IV. CONCLUSION

We reverse the trial court’s order granting default judgment and remand the cause

to the trial court for further proceedings.

CLARISSA SILVA Justice

Delivered and filed on the 27th day of July, 2023.